rustc: Disallow modules and macros in expansions

This commit feature gates generating modules and macro definitions in procedural
macro expansions. Custom derive is exempt from this check as it would be a large
retroactive breaking change (#50587). It's hoped that we can hopefully stem the
bleeding to figure out a better solution here before opening up the floodgates.

The restriction here is specifically targeted at surprising hygiene results [1]
that result in non-"copy/paste" behavior. Hygiene and procedural macros is
intended to be avoided as much as possible for Macros 1.2 by saying everything
is "as if you copy/pasted the code", but modules and macros are sort of weird
exceptions to this rule that aren't fully fleshed out.

[1]: #50504 (comment)

cc #50504

src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use ext::placeholders::{placeholder, PlaceholderExpander};
 use feature_gate::{self, Features, GateIssue, is_builtin_attr, emit_feature_err};
 use fold;
 use fold::*;
-use parse::{DirectoryOwnership, PResult};
+use parse::{DirectoryOwnership, PResult, ParseSess};
 use parse::token::{self, Token};
 use parse::parser::Parser;
 use ptr::P;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use syntax_pos::{Span, DUMMY_SP, FileName};
 use syntax_pos::hygiene::ExpnFormat;
 use tokenstream::{TokenStream, TokenTree};
 use util::small_vector::SmallVector;
-use visit::Visitor;
+use visit::{self, Visitor};
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fs::File;
@@ -532,7 +532,9 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                 })).into();
                 let input = self.extract_proc_macro_attr_input(attr.tokens, attr.span);
                 let tok_result = mac.expand(self.cx, attr.span, input, item_tok);
-                self.parse_expansion(tok_result, kind, &attr.path, attr.span)
+                let res = self.parse_expansion(tok_result, kind, &attr.path, attr.span);
+                self.gate_proc_macro_expansion(attr.span, &res);
+                res
             }
             ProcMacroDerive(..) | BuiltinDerive(..) => {
                 self.cx.span_err(attr.span, &format!("`{}` is a derive mode", attr.path));
@@ -591,6 +593,50 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
         );
     }
 
+    fn gate_proc_macro_expansion(&self, span: Span, expansion: &Option<Expansion>) {
+        if self.cx.ecfg.proc_macro_gen() {
+            return
+        }
+        let expansion = match expansion {
+            Some(expansion) => expansion,
+            None => return,
+        };
+
+        expansion.visit_with(&mut DisallowModules {
+            span,
+            parse_sess: self.cx.parse_sess,
+        });
+
+        struct DisallowModules<'a> {
+            span: Span,
+            parse_sess: &'a ParseSess,
+        }
+
+        impl<'ast, 'a> Visitor<'ast> for DisallowModules<'a> {
+            fn visit_item(&mut self, i: &'ast ast::Item) {
+                let name = match i.node {
+                    ast::ItemKind::Mod(_) => Some("modules"),
+                    ast::ItemKind::MacroDef(_) => Some("macro definitions"),
+                    _ => None,
+                };
+                if let Some(name) = name {
+                    emit_feature_err(
+                        self.parse_sess,
+                        "proc_macro_gen",
+                        self.span,
+                        GateIssue::Language,
+                        &format!("procedural macros cannot expand to {}", name),
+                    );
+                }
+                visit::walk_item(self, i);
+            }
+
+            fn visit_mac(&mut self, _mac: &'ast ast::Mac) {
+                // ...
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Expand a macro invocation. Returns the result of expansion.
     fn expand_bang_invoc(&mut self,
                          invoc: Invocation,
@@ -732,7 +778,9 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                     });
 
                     let tok_result = expandfun.expand(self.cx, span, mac.node.stream());
-                    self.parse_expansion(tok_result, kind, path, span)
+                    let result = self.parse_expansion(tok_result, kind, path, span);
+                    self.gate_proc_macro_expansion(span, &result);
+                    result
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -814,7 +862,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                     span: DUMMY_SP,
                     node: ast::MetaItemKind::Word,
                 };
-                Some(kind.expect_from_annotatables(ext.expand(self.cx, span, &dummy, item)))
+                let items = ext.expand(self.cx, span, &dummy, item);
+                Some(kind.expect_from_annotatables(items))
             }
             BuiltinDerive(func) => {
                 expn_info.callee.allow_internal_unstable = true;
@@ -1491,6 +1540,7 @@ impl<'feat> ExpansionConfig<'feat> {
         fn proc_macro_enabled = proc_macro,
         fn macros_in_extern_enabled = macros_in_extern,
         fn proc_macro_mod = proc_macro_mod,
+        fn proc_macro_gen = proc_macro_gen,
         fn proc_macro_expr = proc_macro_expr,
         fn proc_macro_non_items = proc_macro_non_items,
     }

src/libsyntax/feature_gate.rs

@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@ declare_features! (
     (active, proc_macro_mod, "1.27.0", None, None),
     (active, proc_macro_expr, "1.27.0", None, None),
     (active, proc_macro_non_items, "1.27.0", None, None),
+    (active, proc_macro_gen, "1.27.0", None, None),
 
     // #[doc(alias = "...")]
     (active, doc_alias, "1.27.0", Some(50146), None),

src/test/compile-fail-fulldeps/proc-macro/auxiliary/more-gates.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+// no-prefer-dynamic
+
+#![crate_type = "proc-macro"]
+#![feature(proc_macro)]
+
+extern crate proc_macro;
+
+use proc_macro::*;
+
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn attr2mod(_: TokenStream, _: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    "mod test {}".parse().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn attr2mac1(_: TokenStream, _: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    "macro_rules! foo1 { (a) => (a) }".parse().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn attr2mac2(_: TokenStream, _: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    "macro foo2(a) { a }".parse().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro]
+pub fn mac2mod(_: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    "mod test2 {}".parse().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro]
+pub fn mac2mac1(_: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    "macro_rules! foo3 { (a) => (a) }".parse().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro]
+pub fn mac2mac2(_: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    "macro foo4(a) { a }".parse().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro]
+pub fn tricky(_: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    "fn foo() {
+        mod test {}
+        macro_rules! foo { (a) => (a) }
+    }".parse().unwrap()
+}

src/test/compile-fail-fulldeps/proc-macro/more-gates.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+// aux-build:more-gates.rs
+
+#![feature(proc_macro)]
+
+extern crate more_gates as foo;
+
+use foo::*;
+
+#[attr2mod]
+//~^ ERROR: cannot expand to modules
+pub fn a() {}
+#[attr2mac1]
+//~^ ERROR: cannot expand to macro definitions
+pub fn a() {}
+#[attr2mac2]
+//~^ ERROR: cannot expand to macro definitions
+pub fn a() {}
+
+mac2mod!(); //~ ERROR: cannot expand to modules
+mac2mac1!(); //~ ERROR: cannot expand to macro definitions
+mac2mac2!(); //~ ERROR: cannot expand to macro definitions
+
+tricky!();
+//~^ ERROR: cannot expand to modules
+//~| ERROR: cannot expand to macro definitions
+
+fn main() {}

src/test/compile-fail-fulldeps/proc-macro/proc-macro-gates.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // gate-test-proc_macro_mod line
 // gate-test-proc_macro_expr
 // gate-test-proc_macro_mod
+// gate-test-proc_macro_gen
 
 #![feature(proc_macro, stmt_expr_attributes)]
 
@@ -29,10 +30,12 @@ fn _test_inner() {
 }
 
 #[a] //~ ERROR: custom attributes cannot be applied to modules
+//~| ERROR: procedural macros cannot expand to modules
 mod _test2 {}
 
 mod _test2_inner {
     #![a] //~ ERROR: custom attributes cannot be applied to modules
+    //~| ERROR: procedural macros cannot expand to modules
 }
 
 #[a = y] //~ ERROR: must only be followed by a delimiter token

src/test/run-pass-fulldeps/macro-quote-test.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // aux-build:hello_macro.rs
 // ignore-stage1
 
-#![feature(use_extern_macros, proc_macro_non_items)]
+#![feature(use_extern_macros, proc_macro_non_items, proc_macro_gen)]
 
 extern crate hello_macro;