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computeinstall.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<chapter version="5.0" xml:id="ch_installing-openstack-compute"
xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xmlns:ns5="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
<title>Installing OpenStack Compute</title>
<para>The OpenStack system has several key projects that are separate
installations but can work together depending on your cloud needs: OpenStack
Compute, OpenStack Object Storage, and OpenStack Image Service. You can
install any of these projects separately and then configure them either as
standalone or connected entities. </para>
<xi:include href="../openstack-install/compute-sys-requirements.xml"/>
<section xml:id="example-installation-architecture">
<title>Example Installation Architectures</title>
<para>OpenStack Compute uses a shared-nothing, messaging-based
architecture. While very flexible, the fact that you can install each
nova- service on an independent server means there are many possible
methods for installing OpenStack Compute. Here are the types of
installation architectures:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Single node: Only one server runs all nova- services and also
drives all the virtual instances. Use this configuration only for
trying out OpenStack Compute, or for development purposes.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Two nodes: A cloud controller node runs the nova- services
except for <command>nova-compute</command>, and a compute node runs
<command>nova-compute</command>. A client computer is likely needed to
bundle images and interfacing to the servers, but a client is not
required. Use this configuration for proof of concepts or development
environments.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Multiple nodes: You can add more compute nodes to the two node
installation by simply installing <command>nova-compute</command> on
an additional server and copying a <filename>nova.conf</filename> file
to the added node. This would result in a multiple node installation.
You can also add a volume controller and a network controller as
additional nodes in a more complex multiple node installation. A
minimum of 4 nodes is best for running multiple virtual instances that
require a lot of processing power.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>This is an illustration of one possible multiple server installation
of OpenStack Compute; virtual server networking in the cluster may
vary.</para>
<para><inlinemediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/NOVA_install_arch.png" scale="80"/>
</imageobject>
</inlinemediaobject></para>
<para>An alternative architecture would be to add more messaging servers
if you notice a lot of back up in the messaging queue causing performance
problems. In that case you would add an additional RabbitMQ server in
addition to or instead of scaling up the database server. Your
installation can run any nova- service on any server as long as the
<filename>nova.conf</filename> is configured to point to the RabbitMQ
server and the server can send messages to the server.</para>
<para>Multiple installation architectures are possible, here is another
example illustration.</para>
<para><inlinemediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/NOVA_compute_nodes.png" scale="40"/>
</imageobject>
</inlinemediaobject></para>
<xi:include href="../common/colocating-services.xml"/>
</section>
<section xml:id="service-architecture">
<title>Service Architecture</title>
<para>Because Compute has multiple services and many configurations are
possible, here is a diagram showing the overall service architecture and
communication systems between the services.</para>
<para><inlinemediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/NOVA_ARCH.png" scale="80"/>
</imageobject>
</inlinemediaobject></para>
</section>
<section xml:id="installing-openstack-compute-on-debian">
<title>Installing OpenStack Compute on Debian</title>
<para>Starting with Debian 7.0 "Wheezy", the OpenStack packages are
provided as part of the distribution.</para>
<para>
For the management or controller node install the following packages: (via <command>apt-get install</command>)
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><literal>nova-api</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>nova-scheduler</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>glance</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>keystone</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>mysql-server</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>rabbitmq</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>memcached</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>openstack-dashboard</literal></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
For the compute node(s) install the following packages:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><literal>nova-compute</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>nova-network</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>nova-api</literal></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<note>
<para>
Because this manual takes active advantage of the "sudo" command,
it would be easier for you to add to it your Debian system, by doing:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>usermod -a -G sudo "myuser"</userinput></screen>
<para>then re-login.
Otherwise you will have to replace every "<command>sudo</command>" call by executing from
root account.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section xml:id="installing-openstack-compute-on-rhel6">
<title>Installing on Fedora or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6</title>
<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
<para>The Fedora project provides OpenStack packages in Fedora 16 and
later. Fedora also provides packages for RHEL6 via the EPEL (Extra
Packages for Enterprise Linux) 6 repository. If you would like to install
OpenStack on RHEL6, see this page for more information on enabling the use
of EPEL: <link
xlink:href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL">http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL</link>.</para>
<para>Detailed instructions for installing OpenStack Compute on
Fedora or RHEL6 can be found in the <link
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/openstack-compute/install/yum/content/">OpenStack Install and Deploy
Manual - Red Hat.</link> </para>
<para>Here is a listing of known installation guides:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><link
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/openstack-compute/install/yum/content/"
>OpenStack Install and Deploy Manual - Red Hat</link>
(Folsom)</term>
<listitem>
<para>This guide walks through an installation using
packages available through Fedora 17 as well as on RHEL
and derivatives through the EPEL repository. It offers
explanations for the configuration choices as well as
sample configuration files.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><link
xlink:href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Getting_started_with_OpenStack_on_Fedora_17"
>Getting Started with OpenStack on Fedora 17</link>
(Essex)</term>
<listitem>
<para>The Essex release is in Fedora 17. This page discusses the
installation of Essex on Fedora 17. Once EPEL 6 has been updated to
include Essex, these instructions should be used if installing on
RHEL 6. The main difference between the Fedora 17 instructions and
what must be done on RHEL 6 is that RHEL 6 does not use systemd, so
the <command>systemctl</command> commands will have to substituted
with the RHEL 6 equivalent.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><link
xlink:href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Getting_started_with_OpenStack_Nova"
>Getting Started with OpenStack Nova</link> (Fedora 16/
Diablo)</term>
<listitem>
<para>This page was originally written as instructions for
getting started with OpenStack on Fedora 16, which
includes the Diablo release.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</section>
<section xml:id="installing-openstack-compute-on-opensuse-and-sles">
<title>Installing on openSUSE or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</title>
<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.b1-systems.de">B1 Systems GmbH</link>
provides packages for openSUSE 12.2 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP2
on the <link xlink:href="https://build.opensuse.org/">openSUSE Open Build
Server</link>.</para>
<para>For the Folsom release you can find the packages in the project <link
xlink:href="https://build.opensuse.org/project/show?project=isv:B1-Systems:OpenStack:release:Folsom"
>isv:B1-Systems:OpenStack:release:Folsom</link>.</para>
<section xml:id="installing-openstack-compute-on-sles">
<title>SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</title>
<para>
First of all you have to import the signing key of the repository.
<screen>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>rpm --import http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/B1-Systems:/OpenStack:/release:/Folsom/SLE_11_SP2/repodata/repomd.xml.key</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Now you can declare the repository to libzypp with <command>zypper ar</command>.
<screen>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/B1-Systems:/OpenStack:/release:/Folsom/SLE_11_SP2/isv:B1-Systems:OpenStack:release:Folsom.repo</userinput>
<computeroutput>Adding repository 'OpenStack Folsom (latest stable release) (SLE_11_SP2)' [done]
Repository 'OpenStack Folsom (latest stable release) (SLE_11_SP2)' successfully added
Enabled: Yes
Autorefresh: No
GPG check: Yes
URI: http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/B1-Systems:/OpenStack:/release:/Folsom/SLE_11_SP2/</computeroutput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
After declaring the repository you have to update the metadata with <command>zypper ref</command>.
<screen>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper ref</userinput>
<computeroutput>[...]
Retrieving repository 'OpenStack Folsom (latest stable release) (SLE_11_SP2)' metadata [done]
Building repository 'OpenStack Folsom (latest stable release) (SLE_11_SP2)' cache [done]
All repositories have been refreshed.</computeroutput>
</screen>
</para>
<para> You can list all available packages for OpenStack with
<command>zypper se openstack</command>. </para>
<warning>
<para>
You have to apply the latest available updates for SLES11 SP2. Without doing
that it's not possible to run OpenStack on SLES11 SP2. For evaluation
purposes you can request a
<link xlink:href="https://www.suse.com/products/server/eval.html">free 60 day
evaluation for SLES11 SP2</link> to gain updates.
</para>
<para>
To verify that you use the correct Python interpreter simply check the version.
You should use at least Python 2.6.8.
<screen>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>python --version</userinput>
<computeroutput>Python 2.6.8</computeroutput>
</screen>
</para>
</warning>
</section>
<section xml:id="installing-openstack-compute-on-opensuse">
<title>openSUSE</title>
<para>
First of all you have to import the signing key of the repository.
<screen>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>rpm --import http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/B1-Systems:/OpenStack:/release:/Folsom/openSUSE_12.2/repodata/repomd.xml.key</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Now you can declare the repository to libzypp with <command>zypper ar</command>.
<screen>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/B1-Systems:/OpenStack:/release:/Folsom/openSUSE_12.2/isv:B1-Systems:OpenStack:release:Folsom.repo</userinput>
<computeroutput>Adding repository 'OpenStack Folsom (latest stable release) (openSUSE_12.2)' [done]
Repository 'OpenStack Folsom (latest stable release) (openSUSE_12.2)' successfully added
Enabled: Yes
Autorefresh: No
GPG check: Yes
URI: http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/B1-Systems:/OpenStack:/release:/Folsom/openSUSE_12.2/</computeroutput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
After declaring the repository you have to update the metadata with <command>zypper ref</command>.
<screen>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper ref</userinput>
<computeroutput>[...]
Retrieving repository 'OpenStack Folsom (latest stable release) (openSUSE_12.2)' metadata [done]
Building repository 'OpenStack Folsom (latest stable release) (openSUSE_12.2)' cache [done]
All repositories have been refreshed.</computeroutput>
</screen>
</para>
<para> You can list all available packages for OpenStack with
<command>zypper se openstack</command>. </para>
</section>
</section>
<section xml:id="installing-openstack-compute-on-ubuntu">
<title>Installing on Ubuntu</title>
<para>How you go about installing OpenStack Compute depends on your goals
for the installation. You can use an ISO image, you can use a scripted
installation, and you can manually install with a step-by-step
installation.</para>
<section xml:id="iso-ubuntu-installation">
<title>ISO Installation</title>
<para>Two ISO distributions are available for Essex: </para>
<para>See <link
xlink:href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/stackops/files/"
>http://sourceforge.net/projects/stackops/files/</link> for
download files and information, license information, and a
<filename>README</filename> file. For documentation on the
StackOps ISO, see <link xlink:href="http://docs.stackops.org"
>http://docs.stackops.org</link>. For free support, go to
<link xlink:href="http://getsatisfaction.com/stackops"
>http://getsatisfaction.com/stackops</link>.</para>
<para>See <link
xlink:href="http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/article/installing-rackspace-private-cloud-on-physical-hardware"
>Installing Rackspace Private Cloud on Physical
Hardware</link> for download links and instructions for the
Rackspace Private Cloud ISO. For documentation on the
Rackspace, see <link xlink:href="http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/private">http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/private</link>. </para>
</section>
<section xml:id="scripted-ubuntu-installation">
<title>Scripted Installation</title>
<para>You can download a script for a standalone install for
proof-of-concept, learning, or for development purposes for Ubuntu 11.04
at <link
xlink:href="http://devstack.org">https://devstack.org</link>.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Install Ubuntu 12.10 or RHEL/CentOS/Fedora 16:</para>
<para>In order to correctly install all the dependencies, we assume
a specific version of the OS to make it as easy as possible.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Download DevStack:</para>
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>git clone git://github.com/openstack-dev/devstack.git</userinput></screen>
<para>The devstack repo contains a script that installs OpenStack
Compute, Object Storage, the Image Service, Volumes, the Dashboard and the Identity Service and offers
templates for configuration files plus data scripts.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Start the install:</para>
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>cd devstack; ./stack.sh</userinput></screen>
<para>It takes a few minutes, we recommend <link
xlink:href="http://devstack.org/stack.sh.html">reading the
well-documented script</link> while it is building to learn more
about what is going on.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="manual-ubuntu-installation">
<title>Manual Installation on Ubuntu</title>
<para>The manual installation involves installing from packages
shipped on Ubuntu 12.04 as a user with root (or sudo)
permission. The <link
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/install/"
>OpenStack Install and Deploy Manuals</link> provide
instructions for installing using Ubuntu 12.04 packages. Refer
to those manuals for detailed instructions by going to <link
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org"
>http://docs.openstack.org</link> and clicking the links
next to the manual title.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section xml:id="manual-install-on-xenserver">
<title>Installing on Citrix XenServer</title>
<para>When using OpenStack Compute with Citrix XenServer or XCP hypervisor,
OpenStack Compute should be installed in a virtual machine running on
your hypervisor, rather than installed directly on the hypervisor,
as you would do when using the Libvirt driver.
For more information see:
<link linkend="xenapi-install" />.
</para>
<para>
Given how you should deploy OpenStack with XenServer, the first step when
setting up the compute nodes in your OpenStack cloud
is to install XenServer and install the required XenServer plugins.
You can install XCP by installing Debian or Ubuntu, but generally rather
than installing the operating system of your choice on your compute nodes,
you should first install XenServer.
For more information see:
<link linkend="xenapi-deployment-architecture" />.
</para>
<para>Once you have installed XenServer and the XenAPI plugins
on all your compute nodes, you next need to create a virtual machine
on each of those compute nodes.
This must be a Linux virtual machine running in para-virtualized mode.
It is inside each of these VMs that you will run the OpenStack components.
You can follow the previous distribution specific instructions to get the
OpenStack code running in your Virtual Machine.
Once installed, you will need to configure OpenStack Compute to talk to
your XenServer or XCP installation. For more information see:
<link linkend="introduction-to-xen" />.
</para>
</section>
</chapter>