Zend Library

Zend/LICENSE

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+Zend Temporary License
+======================
+
+This is a temporary license, that is in effect until the final Zend license
+is available.
+
+* The final license will include the ability to distribute Zend freely,
+  as a part of PHP (in both compiled and source code formats).  It may
+  (and probably will) allow to redistribute Zend under other circumstances
+  as well, but at the very least, it'll be freely distributed as a part
+  of PHP.
+
+* The source code in the Zend engine is the property of Andi Gutmans and
+  Zeev Suraski.  Parts of this code are based on source code taken from
+  PHP 3.0, which may include several patches and enhancements that weren't
+  made by us (Andi&Zeev).  If you're the author of such a patch and you're
+  not willing to give up ownership over your patch to us, please contact
+  us as soon as possible, so we can remove it.  We're doing this so that
+  we'd be eligible to sell the Zend engine for uses other than PHP, most
+  notably - as an embedded part of possible commercial products that we'd
+  have.
+
+* Patches submitted to the Zend CVS automatically fall under this license,
+  and by submitting them you're implicitly giving up your ownership over
+  this patch to us.
+
+* Until further notice, Zend is in a status of a closed beta test.  That means
+  that only people that were explicitly given the right to access the Zend
+  CVS repository are allowed to use it.  If you're reading this file and you
+  weren't explicitly given the right to access the Zend CVS repository from
+  either Andi Gutmans or Zeev Suraski - you're not supposed to have it - please
+  erase the Zend files from your system.  When the closed beta period finishes,
+  the Zend CVS tree will be open for the public (in read-only mode, of course).
+
+
+Any questions regarding Zend or this license should be addressed via Email to
+zend@zend.com.

Zend/Makefile.in

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+CC = @CC@
+AR = ar rc
+LIBNAME = libzend.a
+PROF_CFLAGS =
+CFLAGS_SHLIB = @CFLAGS_SHLIB@
+LDFLAGS_SHLIB = @LDFLAGS_SHLIB@
+LDFLAGS_SHLIB_EXPORT = @LDFLAGS_SHLIB_EXPORT@
+CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@
+CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@ $(CFLAGS_SHLIB) $(CPPFLAGS) $(INCLUDE) @DEBUG_CFLAGS@ $(PROF_CFLAGS)
+LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@ $(LDFLAGS_SHLIB) $(LDFLAGS_SHLIB_EXPORT)
+RANLIB = @RANLIB@
+YACC = @YACC@
+
+SOURCE = zend_alloc.c zend_compile.c zend_constants.c zend_execute.c zend_execute_API.c \
+       zend_highlight.c zend_llist.c zend_opcode.c zend_operators.c zend_ptr_stack.c \
+       zend_stack.c zend_variables.c zend-parser.c zend-scanner.c zend.c zend_API.c zend_extensions.c \
+       zend_hash.c zend_list.c zend_indent.c
+
+OBJS = zend_alloc.o zend_compile.o zend_constants.o zend_execute.o zend_execute_API.o \
+       zend_highlight.o zend_llist.o zend_opcode.o zend_operators.o zend_ptr_stack.o \
+       zend_stack.o zend_variables.o zend-parser.o zend-scanner.o zend.o zend_API.o zend_extensions.o \
+       zend_hash.o zend_list.o zend_indent.o
+
+LIBS = @LIBS@
+
+all:	$(LIBNAME)
+
+libzend.a: $(OBJS)
+	-rm -f libzend.a
+	$(AR) libzend.a $(OBJS)
+	$(RANLIB) libzend.a
+
+zend-parser.h zend-parser.c: zend-parser.y
+	bison -p zend -v -d zend-parser.y -o zend-parser.c
+
+zend-scanner.o:
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -w -c zend-scanner.c
+
+zend-scanner.c:  zend-scanner.l
+	flex -Pzend -ozend-scanner.c -i zend-scanner.l
+
+clean:  
+	-rm -f libzend.a *.o
+
+distclean: clean
+	-rm -f *-scanner.c *-parser.[ch] *.output
+	-rm -f config.status config.cache config.log
+	-rm -f Makefile Makefile.depend config.h
+
+.c.o:
+	@rm -f $@
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+	@bn=`echo $@ | sed -e 's#functions/##'`; test -f $@ || \
+	  (test "$@" != "$$bn" && test -f "$$bn" && mv $$bn $@)
+
+parser-scanner: zend-parser.c zend-parser.h zend-scanner.c
+
+depend:	parser-scanner
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -MM $(SOURCE) | perl -pe 's|regex/regex.h||;' > Makefile.depend
+
+
+zend_alloc.o: zend_alloc.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h zend_errors.h \
+ zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h \
+ zend_ptr_stack.h zend_compile.h zend-parser.h zend_execute.h
+zend_compile.o: zend_compile.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_compile.h \
+ zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_execute.h zend_API.h modules.h zend_list.h zend_variables.h \
+ zend_operators.h
+zend_constants.o: zend_constants.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_constants.h \
+ zend_variables.h zend_operators.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h \
+ zend_ptr_stack.h zend_compile.h zend-parser.h zend_execute.h
+zend_execute.o: zend_execute.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_compile.h \
+ zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_execute.h zend_API.h modules.h zend_list.h zend_variables.h \
+ zend_operators.h zend_constants.h zend_extensions.h
+zend_execute_API.o: zend_execute_API.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_compile.h \
+ zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_execute.h zend_API.h modules.h zend_list.h zend_variables.h \
+ zend_operators.h zend_constants.h zend_extensions.h
+zend_highlight.o: zend_highlight.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_compile.h \
+ zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_execute.h zend_highlight.h
+zend_llist.o: zend_llist.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h zend_errors.h \
+ zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h
+zend_opcode.o: zend_opcode.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_compile.h \
+ zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_execute.h zend_variables.h zend_operators.h zend_extensions.h \
+ zend_API.h modules.h zend_list.h
+zend_operators.o: zend_operators.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_operators.h \
+ zend_variables.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_compile.h zend-parser.h zend_execute.h
+zend_ptr_stack.o: zend_ptr_stack.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_ptr_stack.h
+zend_stack.o: zend_stack.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h zend_errors.h \
+ zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_stack.h
+zend_variables.o: zend_variables.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_API.h \
+ modules.h zend_list.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_compile.h zend-parser.h zend_execute.h zend_constants.h \
+ zend_variables.h
+zend-parser.o: zend-parser.c zend_compile.h zend.h config.h \
+ config.unix.h zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h \
+ zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_execute.h zend_list.h zend_API.h modules.h zend_variables.h \
+ zend_operators.h
+zend-scanner.o: zend-scanner.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_compile.h \
+ zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_execute.h zend-scanner.h zend_highlight.h zend_constants.h \
+ zend_variables.h zend_operators.h
+zend.o: zend.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h zend_errors.h \
+ zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_operators.h \
+ zend_variables.h zend_extensions.h zend_compile.h zend-parser.h \
+ zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h zend_execute.h modules.h \
+ zend_constants.h zend_list.h
+zend_API.o: zend_API.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h zend_errors.h \
+ zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_variables.h zend_execute.h \
+ zend_compile.h zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h \
+ zend_ptr_stack.h zend_API.h modules.h zend_list.h zend_constants.h \
+ zend_operators.h
+zend_extensions.o: zend_extensions.c zend_extensions.h zend_compile.h \
+ zend.h config.h config.unix.h zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h \
+ zend_llist.h zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h \
+ zend_ptr_stack.h zend_execute.h
+zend_hash.o: zend_hash.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h zend_errors.h \
+ zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h
+zend_list.o: zend_list.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h zend_errors.h \
+ zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_list.h zend_API.h \
+ modules.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h zend_compile.h \
+ zend-parser.h zend_execute.h
+zend_indent.o: zend_indent.c zend.h config.h config.unix.h \
+ zend_errors.h zend_alloc.h zend_hash.h zend_llist.h zend_compile.h \
+ zend-parser.h zend_globals.h zend_stack.h zend_ptr_stack.h \
+ zend_execute.h zend_indent.h
+
+# Local Variables:
+# tab-width: 4
+# End:

Zend/ZEND_CHANGES

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+Improvements
+------------
+
+Zend was designed from the ground up for increased speed,
+reduced memory consumption and more reliable execution.  We dare
+say it meets all of these goals and does so pretty well.  Beyond
+that, there are several improvements in the language engine
+features:
+
+* References support.  $foo = &$a; would make $foo and $a be two
+  names to the same variable.  This works with arrays as well,
+  on either side;  e.g., $foo = &$a[7]; would make $foo and $a[7]
+  be two names to the same variable.  Changing one would change
+  the other and vice versa.
+* Object overloading support.  This feature allows various OO
+  libraries to use the OO notation of PHP to access their
+  functionality.  Right now, no use is made of that feature,
+  but we'd have a COM module ready by the time PHP 4.0 is released.
+  A CORBA module would probably follow.
+* include() and eval() are now functions, and not statements.
+  That means they return a value.  The default return value from
+  include() and eval() is 1, so that you can do if (include())
+  without further coding.  The return value may be changed by
+  returning a value from the global scope of the included file
+  or the evaluated string.  For example, if 'return 7;' is executed
+  in the global scope of foo.inc, include("foo.inc") would evaluate
+  to 7.
+* Automatic resource deallocation.  Several people have been bitten
+  by the fact that PHP 3.0 had no concept of reference counting.
+  Zend adds full reference counting for every value in the system,
+  including resources.  As soon as a resource is no longer referenced
+  from any variable, it is automatically destroyed to save memory
+  and resources.  The most obvious example for the advantage in this
+  is a loop that has an SQL query inside it, something like
+  '$result = sql_query(...);'.  In PHP 3.0, every iteration resulted
+  in another SQL result-set allocated in the memory, and all of the
+  result sets weren't destroyed until the end of the script's execution.
+  In Zend, as soon as we overwrite an old result set with a new one,
+  the old result set which is no longer referenced, is destroyed.
+* Full support for nesting arrays and objects within each other, in
+  as many levels as you want.
+* Boolean type.  true and false are now constants of type boolean.
+  Comparing any other value to them would convert that value to a
+  boolean first, and conduct the comparison later.  That means, for
+  example, that 5==true would evaluate to true (in PHP 3.0, true
+  was nothing but a constant for the integer value of 1, so 5==true
+  was identical to 5==1, which was false).
+* Runtime binding of function names.  This complex name has a simple
+  explanation - you can now call functions before they're declared!
+* Added here-docs support.
+* Added foreach.  Two syntaxes supported:
+   foreach($val in array_expr) statement
+   foreach($key, $val in array_expr) statement
+* A true unset() implementation.  A variable or element that is unset(), is now
+  sent to oblivion in its entirely, no trace remains from it.
+* Output buffering support!  Use ob_start() to begin output buffering, ob_end_flush()
+  to end buffering and send out the buffered contents, ob_end_clean() to end buffering
+  without sending the buffered contents, and ob_get_contents() to retreive the current
+  contents of the output buffer.
+  Header information (header(), content type, cookies) are not buffered.  By turning
+  on output buffering, you can effectively send header information all throughout your
+  file, regardless of whether you've emitted body output or not.
+* Full variable reference within quoted strings:
+  ${expr}		- full indirect reference support for scalar variables
+  {variable}	- full variable support
+  For example:
+  $foo[5]["bar"] = "foobar";
+  print "{$foo[5]["bar"]}";  // would print "foobar"
+* Ability to call member functions of other classes from within member functions or from
+  the global scope. You can now, for example, override a parent function with a child function,
+  and call the parent function from it. 
+* Runtime information for classes (class name, parent, available functions, etc.).
+* Much more efficient syntax highlighter - runs much quicker, performs more reliably, and
+  generates much tighter HTML.
+* A full-featured debugger has been integrated with the language (supports breakpoints,
+  expression evaluation, step-in/over, function call backtrace, and more).
+
+
+Incompatabilities
+-----------------
+
+Zend claims 100% compatability with the engine of PHP 3.0, and is
+shamelessly lying about it.  Here's why:
+
+* static variable initializers only accept scalar values
+  (in PHP 3.0 they accepted any valid expression).  The impact
+  should be somewhere in between void and non existant, since
+  initializing a static variable with anything but a simple
+  static value makes no sense at all.
+
+* The scope of break and continue is local to that of an
+  include()'d file or an eval()'d string.  The impact should
+  be somewhat smaller of the one above.
+
+* return statement from a require()'d file no longer works.  It
+  hardly worked in PHP 3.0, so the impact should be fairly small.
+  If you want this functionality - use include() instead.
+
+* unset() is no longer a function, but a statement.  It was never
+  documented as a function so the impact should be no bigger than
+  nada.
+
+* The following letter combination is not supported within encapsulated
+  strings:  "{$".  If you have a string that includes this letter
+  combination, for example, print "{$somevar"; (which printed the
+  letter { and the contents of the variable $somevar in PHP 3.0),
+  it will result in a parse error under Zend.  In this case, you
+  would have to change the code to print "\{$somevar";
+  This incompatability is due to the full variable reference
+  within quoted strings feature added in Zend.
+