debian_rootfs_howto.txt

Debian rootfs
=============

Use instructions from http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Manual_Debian

I am installing to NFS dir, so that i can make tarbal on my PC. Mount your NFS
dir to /media/card for simplicity. To mount NFS you need this line in /etc/fstab:

192.168.0.200:/ /mnt/nfs  nfs noauto,nolock,soft,rsize=32768,wsize=32768 0 0

and you need

apt-get install nfs-common
modprobe nfs

Always use ext3 on SD cards - ext2 often gets corrupted during reboots.

If you install from debian you need cdebootstrap:

apt-get install cdebootstrap


Step 1
======

cdebootstrap --flavour=minimal --include=ifupdown,udev,procps,netbase,nano,module-init-tools,wget,openssh-server,screen,mc,libts-0.0-0,alsa-utils,ppp,udhcpc,wpasupplicant,wireless-tools,iputils-ping,bluez-utils,dosfstools,fbset,klogd,psmisc,iptables,dash,xserver-xglamo,xfonts-base,x11-xserver-utils,matchbox,tangogps,gpsd,xterm stable /media/card/ http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/

* For bluetooth headset bluez-audio package is needed. But because of stupid
  dependencies on gstreamer it takes 4MB. With this package and some tweaks you
  can have mplayer working with btluethooth headset.

Step 2
======

* Complete installation. Copy paste below in shell:

mkdir /media/card/mnt/nfs
mkdir /media/card/mnt/p1
mkdir /media/card/mnt/p2
mkdir /media/card/mnt/p3
mkdir /media/card/media/card
echo "neo" > /media/card/etc/hostname
echo "127.0.0.1 neo" >> /media/card/etc/hosts
cat > /media/card/etc/network/interfaces <<__END__
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto usb0
iface usb0 inet static
    address 192.168.0.202
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 192.168.0.0
    gateway 192.168.0.200
    up rm /etc/resolv.conf
    up echo nameserver 208.67.222.222 >/etc/resolv.conf
__END__
cat > /media/card/etc/fstab << __END__
rootfs  /                auto    defaults,errors=remount-ro,noatime 0 1
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /media/card auto  defaults                           0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p4 swap      swap    defaults                           0 0
proc    /proc            proc    defaults                           0 0
tmpfs   /var/cache/apt   tmpfs   defaults,noatime                   0 0
192.168.0.200:/ /mnt/nfs  nfs noauto,nolock,soft,rsize=32768,wsize=32768 0 0
__END__
cat > /media/card/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99no-install-recommends << __END__
APT::Install-Recommends "0";
__END__
sed -i 's/\(PermitEmptyPasswords\) no/\1 yes/' /media/card/etc/ssh/sshd_config
chroot /media/card /bin/sh -e <<__END_CHROOT__
echo root: | chpasswd
apt-get --yes --purge remove cdebootstrap-helper-rc.d
__END_CHROOT__

Step 3 - add more package repositories
========================================

echo "deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian lenny contrib" >> /media/card/etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian lenny non-free" >> /media/card/etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://pkg-fso.alioth.debian.org/debian unstable main" >> /media/card/etc/apt/sources.list

Step 4
======

* Device drivers modules

echo g_ether > /media/card/etc/modules
echo hidp >> /media/card/etc/modules
echo ipv6 >> /media/card/etc/modules
echo ohci-hcd >> /media/card/etc/modules
echo ppp_generic >> /media/card/etc/modules
echo rfcomm >> /media/card/etc/modules
echo s3cmci >> /media/card/etc/modules
echo snd-soc-neo1973-gta02-wm8753 >> /media/card/etc/modules
echo snd_pcm_oss >> /media/card/etc/modules

* Modem device nodes

echo "# Samsung UARTS" > /media/card/etc/udev/rules.d/50-qtmoko.rules
echo "KERNEL==\"s3c2410_serial[0-9]\",   NAME=\"ttySAC%n\"" >> /media/card/etc/udev/rules.d/50-qtmoko.rules

* Unpack alsa scenarios to /usr/share/openmoko - you can find these files
  in any openmoko distro.

* Edit /media/card/etc/ppp/options and replace "auth" with "noauth"

* Create /media/card/etc/fb.modes

mode "vga"
    geometry 480 640 480 1280 16
    timings 40816 8 16 2 16 8 2
    rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
endmode

mode "qvga"
    geometry 480 640 480 1280 16
    timings 100000 8 16 2 16 8 2
    rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
endmode

  Calling "fbset qvga" and "echo qvga-normal > /sys/bus/spi/devices/spi2.0/state"
  is needed for mplayer in 320x240 with correct colors.

Step 4.1 - DHCP server - not using now
======================================

* DHCP server will arrange USB networking with PC out-of-the-box for
  distributions using NetworkManager.

* Not using now - the problem is that e.g. my notebook prefers usb0 over wifi
  and internet does not work then.
  
* You need install package dhcp3-server in step1.

cat > /media/card/etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf <<__END__
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option routers 192.168.0.202;
    option domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220;

    pool {
        max-lease-time 7200;
        range 192.168.0.200 192.168.0.201;
        allow unknown clients;
    }
}
__END__


Step 4.5 - not using this now
=============================

* Install alsa-utils from testing because it does not have python dependency. I
  dont know how to tell apt to install one package from testing so we for a
  moment put only testing repo in sources.list and then restore it back.

chroot /media/card
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.orig
echo "deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian squeeze main" > /etc/apt/sources.list
apt-get update
apt-get install alsa-utils
rm /etc/apt/sources.list
mv /etc/apt/sources.list.orig /etc/apt/sources.list
apt-get update
apt-get install pkg-fso-keyring
exit

Step 5
======

* Set locale to get rid of apt-get warnings

echo "LANG=C" > /media/card/etc/default/locale
echo "LC_ALL=C" >> /media/card/etc/default/locale

* Fix incompatible libts version

cd /media/card/usr/lib
ln -s libts-0.0.so.0 libts-1.0.so.0

* Remove .udev dir, that confuses udev. This dir is here after instalation and
  causes some error/warnings during init. Not sure what's the exact problem.

cd /media/card/dev
rm -rf .udev

* Remove /etc/network/run and do make dir /etc/network/run
  Otherwise fstab mounting will fail for this directory

rm /media/card/etc/network/run
mkdir /media/card/etc/network/run

* Create dir for atd jobs:

mkdir /media/card/var/spool/at

Step 6 - qpe bootscript
=======================

* Create qpe init script and link in runlevel 2

nano /media/card/etc/init.d/qpe.sh

#!/bin/sh

. /opt/qtmoko/qpe.env

case "$1" in
  start)
	echo '1' > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
	rm -rf /var/run/ppp
	mkdir /var/run/ppp
	mkdir -p /var/cache/apt/archives/partial
	atd /var/spool/at
	/etc/init.d/qpe.sh &
	;;
  stop)
	rm -f /tmp/restart-qtopia
	killall -q qpe atd qx_helper quicklauncher mediaserver mediaplayer sipagent
	;;
  restart)
	/etc/init.d/qpe.sh stop
	/etc/init.d/qpe.sh start
	;;
  *)
	touch /tmp/restart-qtopia
	while [ -e /tmp/restart-qtopia ]; do
	qx_helper &
	echo 0 > /sys/bus/platform/devices/neo1973-pm-gsm.0/power_on
	# sleep seems to be needed otherwise modem often does not start up
	sleep 2
	echo 1 > /sys/bus/platform/devices/neo1973-pm-gsm.0/power_on
	qpe 2>&1 | logger -t 'Qtopia'
	done
	;;
esac

exit 0

chmod +x /media/card/etc/init.d/qpe.sh
cd /media/card/etc/rc2.d/
ln -s ../init.d/qpe.sh S09qpe

Step 7 - logread utility
========================

* Used for displaying log in settings. It's not presented in debian. Instead we
  provide simple bash script:

nano /media/card/sbin/logread

#!/bin/sh
tail -n 100 /var/log/messages

chmod +x /media/card/sbin/logread

Step 7.3 - terminal.sh
======================

* This is shell script that starts xterm with matchbox keyboard

nano /media/card/bin/terminal.sh

#!/bin/sh
matchbox-window-manager &
sleep 5
matchbox-keyboard &
xterm


chmod +x /media/card/bin/terminal.sh

Step 7.4 - wpa_supplicant
=========================

* Qtopia by default expects wpa_supplicant in /usr/sbin while debian installs
  it to /sbin. We fix this with symlink
  
cd /media/card/usr/sbin
ln -s ../../sbin/wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant

Step 7.5 - dash
===============

* For faster boot (~15s) and more memory (+1MB) we use dash instead of bash.

cd /media/card/bin/
rm sh
ln -s dash sh 

Step 7.6
========

* Install xserver-xglamo - download it from alioth repo and install it manually

chroot /media/card
wget http://pkg-fso.alioth.debian.org/debian/pool/main/x/xglamo/xserver-xglamo_1.3.0.0+git20080807-3_armel.deb
dpkg -i xserver-xglamo_1.3.0.0+git20080807-3_armel.deb
rm xserver-xglamo_1.3.0.0+git20080807-3_armel.deb
exit

* Create xorg.conf and configure it for Xglamo

nano /media/card/etc/X11/xorg.conf

# xorg.conf (X.Org X Window System server configuration file)
#
# This file was generated by dexconf, the Debian X Configuration tool, using
# values from the debconf database.
#
# Edit this file with caution, and see the xorg.conf manual page.
# (Type "man xorg.conf" at the shell prompt.)
#
# This file is automatically updated on xserver-xorg package upgrades *only*
# if it has not been modified since the last upgrade of the xserver-xorg
# package.
#
# If you have edited this file but would like it to be automatically updated
# again, run the following command:
#   sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Generic Keyboard"
        Driver          "kbd"
        Option          "XkbRules"      "xorg"
        Option          "XkbModel"      "pc104"
        Option          "XkbLayout"     "us"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Configured Mouse"
        Driver          "mouse"
EndSection

Section "Device"
        Identifier      "Configured Video Device"
        Driver          "Xglamo"
#       Driver          "fbdev"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
        Identifier      "Configured Monitor"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
        Identifier      "Default Screen"
        Monitor         "Configured Monitor"
EndSection


Step 7.7
========

* Remove all doc - we dont have space for it

rm -rf /media/card/usr/share/locale/*
rm -rf /media/card/usr/share/doc/*
rm -rf /media/card/usr/share/doc-base/*
rm -rf /media/card/usr/share/info/*
rm -rf /media/card/usr/share/man/*
rm -rf /media/card/usr/share/sounds/alsa/*
rm -rf /media/card/usr/share/ssh/blacklist*

Step 8 - compile Qtopia
=======================

* Build QtMoko

mkdir build
cd build
../qtmoko/configure -device neo -D _FORTIFY_SOURCE=0 -confirm-license
make
make install

* Tar build

* Unpack QtMoko to target image

cd /media/card
tar xzvpf qtopia-update.tar.gz

* Translations - you need to checkout QtMoko translation git branch

git checkout translations

  and tell configure (in build dir) which languages you want

../qtmoko/configure -device neo -D _FORTIFY_SOURCE=0 -confirm-license -languages cs_CZ,en_US,it_IT

  and rebuild all

make clean
make
make install


Step 8.5 - Fonts
================

* We will use truetype fonts installed with X. They have several benefits:
  bigger size, international characters, fixed size font (good for terminal).
  
  
cd /media/card/opt/qtmoko/lib
rm -rf fonts
ln -s ../../../usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/ fonts

Step 9
======

* Compile kernel. I am now using andy-tracking and packaging config.

* The bluetooth stuff must be compiled as modules otherwise bt does not work
  for me. 

* Remove all CONFIG_ANDROID options. They are not needed and
  CONFIG_ANDROID_LOW_MEMORY_KILLER prevents kernel from using swap and
  causes that applications are getting killed.

* To reduce size of modules, you have to remove debugging information.

find  . -name *.ko -exec /opt/toolchains/arm920t-eabi/bin/arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi-strip -R .not -R .comment --strip-unneeded {} \;

* After compiling, upload kernel with modules to neo, and add somewhere in
  init scripts depmod command. It will update /lib/modules/xxx/modules.dep
  otherwise modules wont load and neo will not work (no usb networking,
  no alsa, etc...)

* For recent openwrt kernels (not using now)

1/ download and unpack linux-2.6.30.4.tar.bz from kernel.org
2/ svn co svn://svn.openwrt.org/openwrt/trunk/target/linux/s3c24xx
3/ copy files-2.6.30 on top of unpacked linux-2.6.30
4/ apply all patches in patches-2.6.30
5/ copy config-2.6.30 to .config
5/ make CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/toolchains/arm920t-eabi/bin/arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm

/opt/toolchains/arm920t-eabi/bin/arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi-objcopy -O binary -R .note -R .comment -S arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux linux.bin
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 30008000 -e 30008000 -n "QtMoko" -d linux.bin uImage-GTA02.bin

* Copy kernel to /media/card/boot

cd /media/card/boot
echo "console=tty0 loglevel=3 rootdelay=1" > append-GTA02
scp /home/radek/linux-2.6/GTA02/uImage-GTA02.bin root@192.168.0.202:/media/card/boot/uImage-GTA02.bin

Step 9.5 - remove bash history
==============================

* Remove .bash_history created during install

rm -f /media/card/root/.bash_history

Step 10
=======

* Unmount nfs on Neo

sync
umount /media/card

* Pack it all on your desktop

cd /media/card
tar -czvf ../qtmoko-debian.tar.gz .

Step 11
=======

* Make jffs image

* Copy your rootfs dir to /tmp/qtmoko-debian

* Delete contents of boot, because for NAND it's not needed:

rm -rf /tmp/qtmoko-debian/boot/*

* Make jffs2 image:

mkfs.jffs2 --pad=0x700000 -o qtmoko-debian.jffs2 -e 0x20000 -n -d/tmp/qtmoko-debian


Boot speedup
============

- replacing /bin/sh with dash, speedup 15s

Ideas & TODO
============

- support for dumb batteries as described in mail
  "Document with answers to most popular battery-related questions is ready"
  http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Battery_Questions_and_Answers#So.2C_how_do_i_use_.22dumb.22_batteries_with_my_freerunner.3F
  from Paul Ferster