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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Inside Browserland</title>
<meta name="description" content="Frontend (JavaScript, CSS and HTML) courses">
<meta name="author" content="Julien Muetton">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="reveal.js/css/reveal.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/uda.css" id="theme">
<!-- For syntax highlighting -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="reveal.js/lib/css/zenburn.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="font-awesome/css/font-awesome.css" />
<!-- If the query includes 'print-pdf', use the PDF print sheet -->
<script>
document.write( '<link rel="stylesheet" href="reveal.js/css/print/' + ( window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'pdf' : 'paper' ) + '.css" type="text/css" media="print">' );
</script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="reveal.js/lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<section class="cover">
<h1>Inside Browserland</h1>
<img src="img/01/html-sticker.png" class="cover-img" />
<p class="author">
<small>
By
<a href="">Julien Muetton</a>
/ <a href="https://twitter.com/themouette">@themouette</a>
</small>
</p>
<p class="given">
<small class="given-at"></small>
<small class="given-on"></small>
</p>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator="^\n---+\n---+\n$" data-vertical="^\n---+\n$" data-notes="^Note:" data-charset="utf-8"><script type="text/template">
### One might think this is love
<!-- .slide: data-background="img/01/browsers-ponies.png" data-background-size="100% auto" -->
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<!-- .element: class="source" --> [image credits](http://paulirish.deviantart.com/art/My-Little-Browsers-307812128)
Note:
There is standards, so one might think: "Cool, let's do this"
---
---
### But reality is slightly different
<!-- .slide: data-background="img/01/browser-at-war.jpg" -->
<!-- .element: class="source" --> [image credits](http://www.ismartsoftware.com.au/the-wars-rise-again/)
Note:
But reality is a bit different...
</script></section>
<section data-markdown data-separator="^\n---+\n---+\n$" data-vertical="^\n---+\n$" data-notes="^Note:" data-charset="utf-8"><script type="text/template">
HTML
====
---
History
-------
* 1991: [Tim Berners-Lee](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee) annonces Web creation on Usenet
* 1993: Mosaic and HTML enter the place (images and forms)
* 1994: Netscape styles the web (CSS and attributes)
* 1996: HTML 2 is the first standardized version
* 1999: HTML 4.1 Add frame and restrict allowed attributes
* 2001: XHTML 1.1 or Let the standard war begin
* 2007: HTML 5
<p class="fragment big" style="margin-top: 20px;">You should use <strong>HTML5</strong></p>
Note:
1993, HTML was not standardized, W3C draft was called HTML+
---
Definition
----------
> <span class="fragment highlight-current-red">**HyperText Markup
> Language**</span> is the <span class="fragment
> highlight-current-red">main</span> <span class="fragment
> highlight-current-red">markup language</span> for creating <span
> class="fragment highlight-current-red">web pages</span> and other information
> that can be displayed in a web browser.
>
> <!-- .element: class="source" --> [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML)
---
Sample
------
``` html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body class="theme">
<h1>Hello World</h1>
</body>
</html>
```
---
Doctype
-------
``` html
<!DOCTYPE html>
```
> A document type definition (DTD) is a set of markup declarations that define a
> document type for an SGML-family markup language (<accronym
> title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">SGML</accronym>, <accronym
> title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</accronym>, <accronym title="Hyper Text
> Markup Language">HTML</accronym>).
>
> <!-- .element: class="source" --> [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_type_definition)
---
Document
--------
Here is a typical document.
<div class="two-columns">
<pre style="width:48%"><code class="html"><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
</code></pre>
<div style="width:48%">
<br />
<ul>
<li><span class="fragment highlight-current-green">`<html>`</span> element **is the page**;</li>
<li><span class="fragment highlight-current-green">`<head>`</span> is the page **metadata**;</li>
<li><span class="fragment highlight-current-green">`<body>`</span> is the page **content**.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
---
Tag
---
<p class="big">
<<span class="fragment highlight-red" data-fragment-index="1">body</span> <span
class="fragment highlight-current-green" data-fragment-index="2"><span class="fragment
highlight-green" data-fragment-index="3">class</span>="<span class="fragment highlight-green" data-fragment-index="4">foo</span>"</span>>
<span class="fragment highlight-blue" data-fragment-index="5"></<span class="fragment highlight-red"
data-fragment-index="1">body</span>></span>
</p>
<p class="big" style="margin: 20px 0;">
<<span class="fragment highlight-red" data-fragment-index="1">i</span> <span
class="fragment highlight-current-green" data-fragment-index="2"><span class="fragment
highlight-green" data-fragment-index="3">class</span>="<span class="fragment highlight-green" data-fragment-index="4">foo</span>"</span> <span class="fragment highlight-blue" data-fragment-index="5">/</span>>
</p>
tagname <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" style="float: left; width: 25%; color: red; margin-top: 20px;" -->
attribute <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" style="float: left; width: 25%; color: green; margin-top: 20px;" -->
name <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" style="float: left; width: 25%;color: green; margin-top: 20px;" -->
and value <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="4" style="float: left; width: 25%;color: green; margin-top: 20px;"-->
<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="5" style="color: blue;margin-top: 120px;"--> closing is **optional**
<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="6" style="margin-top: 20px;"--> but explicit is **always** better than implicit
---
Syntax
------
<pre class="green"><code class="html">
<em>I <strong>really</strong> mean that</em>.
</code></pre>
<p><em>I <strong>really</strong> mean that</em>.</p>
<pre class="red"><code class="html">
<em>Invalid: I <strong>really</em> mean that</strong>.
</code></pre>
---
Metadata tags
-------------
* `<title>` Defines the title of the document, shown in a browser's title bar or on
the page's tab.
* `<link>` Used to link JavaScript and external CSS with the current HTML document.
* `<meta>` Defines metadata that can't be defined using another HTML element.
* `<style>` Used to write inline CSS.
> <!-- .element: class="source" --> [<accronym title="Mozilla Developer
> Network">MDN</accronym>](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/HTML/HTML5/HTML5_element_list)
---
Script tags
-----------
* `<script>` Defines either an internal script or a link to an external script.
The script language is JavaScript.
* `<noscript>` Defines alternative content to display when the browser doesn't
support scripting.
> <!-- .element: class="source" --> [<accronym title="Mozilla Developer
> Network">MDN</accronym>](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/HTML/HTML5/HTML5_element_list)
---
Meaningless tags
----------------
Elements `div` and `span` are available for style. They have no semantic meaning.
``` html
<div>
Hello I'm a <span>span</span> in a div.
</div>
```
> <div>
> Hello I'm a <span>span</span> in a div.
> </div>
Use them for style purpose.
---
Text
----
``` html
<p>
Something <strong>very</strong> <em>important</em>
<accronym title="To Me">2M</accronyme>
</p>
```
> <p>
> Something <strong>very</strong> <em>important</em>
> <accronym title="To Me">2M</accronyme>
> </p>
More with `<address>`, `<small>`, `<h1>`, `<h2>`, `<blockquote>`...
---
Tables
------
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo" -->
> <table>
> <thead>
> <tr><th>title 1</th><th>title 2</th></tr>
> </thead>
> <tfoot>
> <tr><td colspan="2">I'm the footer</td></tr>
> </tfoot>
> <tbody>
> <tr><td>value</td><td>value</td></tr>
> <tr><td>value</td><td>value</td></tr>
> </tbody>
> </table>
``` html
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>title 1</th><th>title 2</th></tr>
</thead>
<tfoot>
<tr><td colspan="2">I'm the footer</td></tr>
</tfoot>
<tbody>
<tr><td>value</td><td>value</td></tr>
<tr><td>value</td><td>value</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
```
---
Lists
-----
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo lists" -->
<div class="three-columns">
<div class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1">
<ul>
<li>lorem ipsum</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2">
<ol>
<li>lorem ipsum</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3">
<dl>
<dt>title</dt>
<dd>definition</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="three-columns">
<h4 class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1">Unordered list</h4>
<h4 class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2">Ordered list</h4>
<h4 class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3">Definition list</h4>
</div>
<div class="three-columns">
<pre class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1"><code class="html"><ul>
<li>lorem</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
<pre class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2"><code class="html"><ol>
<li>lorem</li>
</ol>
</code></pre>
<pre class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3"><code class="html"><dl>
<dt>title</dt>
<dd>definition</dd>
</dl>
</code></pre>
</div>
---
Forms
-----
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo html-forms" -->
> <form method="POST" action="/banana" enctype="multipart/form-data">
> <p>
> <label>Name: <input type="text" name="name" /></label>
> <label>
> Color: <input type="color" name="color" value="#D8DE26" />
> </label>
> </p>
>
> <p>
> <label for="color">Avatar:</label>
> <span><input type="file" name="avatar" /></span>
> <input type="button" value="Create" />
> </p>
> </form>
``` html
<form method="POST" action="/banana" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<p>
<label>Name: <input type="text" name="name" /></label>
<label>
Color: <input type="color" name="color" value="#D8DE26" />
</label>
</p>
<p>
<label>Avatar: <input type="file" name="avatar" /></label>
<input type="button" value="Create" />
</p>
</form>
```
---
Links
-----
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo" -->
> Find the slides on <a href="https://github.com/themouette/slides-edu-frontend">github</a>.
``` html
Find the slides on
<a href="https://github.com/themouette/slides-edu-frontend">
github
</a>.
```
</script></section>
<section data-markdown data-separator="^\n---+\n---+\n$" data-vertical="^\n---+\n$" data-notes="^Note:" data-charset="utf-8"><script type="text/template">
DOM
===
<img src="img/01/dom-tree.png" style="height: 350px;"/>
<!-- .element: class="source" --> [image credits](http://www.annuairedubusiness.com/blog/internet-et-ses-secrets/4-html-elements.html)
---
Document Object Model
---------------------
> A cross-platform and language-independent convention for representing and
> interacting with objects in HTML, XHTML and XML documents.
>
> <!-- .element: class="source" --> [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Object_Model)
[What is the DOM](http://css-tricks.com/dom/) from [css-tricks](http://css-tricks.com)
---
From HTML to DOM
----------------
<div class="two-columns">
<pre><code class="html"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello world !</h1>
<p>som content.</p>
</body>
</html>
</code></pre>
<div>
<img src="img/01/rendered-dom-tree.png"
</div>
</div>
---
Document, window and elements
-----------------------------
<img src="img/01/DOM-3D.png" style="height: 350px;"/>
---
DOM standardized API
--------------------
Basicly a set of interfaces:
[HTMLElement](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement) inherits from [Element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element) inherits form [Node](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node)
[Complete reference](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM)
---
Retreiving Elements
-------------------
* getElementById
* getElementsByTagName
* querySelector
* querySelectorAll
---
<!-- .slide: id="getElementById" class="dom-example" -->
ById and ByTagname
------------------
<br />
<pre><code class="javascript runnable" data-runnable-output="console">document.getElementById('getElementById');</code></pre>
<br />
<pre><code class="javascript runnable" data-runnable-output="console">document.getElementsByTagName('pre');</code></pre>
<br />
<p class="alert info">Open your browser console to see examples in action.</p>
---
<!-- .slide: id="querySelector" class="dom-example" -->
By css selector
---------------
<br />
<pre><code class="javascript runnable" data-runnable-output="console">document.querySelector('#querySelector pre');</code></pre>
<br />
<pre><code class="javascript runnable" data-runnable-output="console">document.querySelectorAll('#querySelector pre');</code></pre>
<br />
<p class="alert info">Open your browser console to see examples in action.</p>
---
Tree Traversal
--------------
* `parentElement`
* `childNodes`
* `children`
* `firstChild`
* `lastChild`
---
<!-- .slide: id="DOM-traversal" class="dom-example" -->
Play with tree traversal
------------------------
<br />
<div class="two-columns">
<div class="example" style="width:25%"><p>item 0</p><p>item 1</p><p>item 2</p><p>item 3</p><p>item 4</p></div>
<pre style="width:71%"><code class="javascript runnable">var element = document
.querySelector('#DOM-traversal .example');
element.firstChild.style.color = "red";
element.childNodes.item(1)
.style.border = "3px solid green";
element.lastChild.style.background = "blue";
</code></pre>
</div>
<br />
Note:
childNodes is a [NodeList](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/NodeList)
---
Tree Insertion
--------------
<br />
[**appendChild**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node.appendChild) to insert at last position:
``` javascript
var child = element.appendChild(child);
```
<br />
[**insertBefore**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node.insertBefore) to insert before an existing child:
``` javascript
var insertedElement = parentElement.insertBefore(newElement, referenceElement);
```
---
Tree Removal
------------
[**removeChild**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node.removeChild) to remove an existing child:
``` javascript
var oldChild = element.removeChild(child);
```
---
<!-- .slide: class="no-transform" -->
EventTarget Interface
---------------------
[**addEventListener**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget.addEventListener)
``` javascript
e.addEventListener('name', callback[, useCapture]);
```
[**removeEventListener**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget.removeEventListener)
``` javascript
e.removeEventListener('name', callback[, useCapture]);
```
[**dispatchEvent**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget.dispatchEvent)
``` javascript
element.dispatchEvent('name');
```
<p class="alert warn">Prior to IE8 (IE <= 8), use `detachEvent` and `attachEvent`.</p>
Note:
useCapture:
If true, useCapture indicates that the user wishes to initiate capture. After
initiating capture, all events of the specified type will be dispatched to the
registered listener before being dispatched to any EventTarget beneath it in the
DOM tree. Events which are bubbling upward through the tree will not trigger a
listener designated to use capture. See DOM Level 3 Events for a detailed
explanation. If not specified, useCapture defaults to false.
---
Common APIs
-----------
* [innerHTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element.innerHTML)
* addClassName
* [style](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Properties_Reference)
* getAttribute
* ...
---
Going further on Browser rendering
----------------------------------
Watch with subtitles:
<iframe width="420" height="315"
src="//www.youtube.com/embed/a2_6bGNZ7bA?rel=0&cc_load_policy=1"
frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
And also [How Browsers Work by Tali Garsiel](http://taligarsiel.com/Projects/howbrowserswork1.htm)
---
Going further on Browser performances
-------------------------------------
<iframe src="//player.vimeo.com/video/67050197" width="500" height="281"
frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen
allowfullscreen></iframe>
[Rendering without lumpy bits - Jake Archibald - Front-Trends 2013](http://vimeo.com/67050197)
from [Front-Trends](http://vimeo.com/fronttrends)
</script></section>
<section data-markdown data-separator="^\n---+\n---+\n$" data-vertical="^\n---+\n$" data-notes="^Note:" data-charset="utf-8"><script type="text/template">
HTML5
-----
<!-- .slide: data-background="img/01/html5logo.svg" data-background-size="auto 70%" class="hide-title" -->
---
References
----------
* [tags and attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/HTML/HTML5/HTML5_element_list)
* [All input types](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input)
---
Forms
-----
-----
Input type="range"
------------------
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo" -->
> <form oninput="result.value=parseInt(a.value)">
> <p>
> <label>Range: <input type="range" min="10" max="30" name="a" value="10" /></label>
> <output name="result">10</output>
> </p>
> </form>
``` html
<label>
Range:
<input type="range" min="10" max="30" name="a" />
</label>
```
---
Input type="color"
------------------
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo" -->
> <form oninput="result.value=a.value">
> <p>
> <label>Color: <input type="color" name="a" value="#cacaca" /></label>
> <output name="result">#cacaca</output>
> </p>
> </form>
``` html
<label>
Color:
<input type="color" name="a" value="#cacaca" />
</label>
```
---
Input type="number"
------------------
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo" -->
> <form>
> <p>
> <label>Number: <input type="number" name="a" value="12" /></label>
> </p>
> </form>
``` html
<label>
Number:
<input type="number" name="a" />
</label>
```
---
Input type="date"
------------------
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo" -->
> <form>
> <p>
> <label>When? <input type="date" name="a" /></label>
> </p>
> </form>
``` html
<label>
When?
<input type="date" name="a" />
</label>
```
---
Textual inputs
--------------
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo" -->
> <form>
> <p>
> <label>type="phone": <input type="tel" name="a" /></label>
> </p>
> <p>
> <label>type="email": <input type="email" name="b" class="validate" /></label>
> </p>
> <p>
> <label>type="url": <input type="url" name="c" class="validate" /></label>
> </p>
> <p>
> <label>type="search": <input type="search" name="d" /></label>
> </p>
> </form>
---
Placeholder
-----------
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo" -->
> <form>
> <p>
> <label>Email <input type="email" placeholder="foo@example.com" /></label>
> </p>
> </form>
``` html
<label>
Email
<input type="email" placeholder="foo@example.com" />
</label>
```
---
Form Validation
---------------
<!-- .slide: class="html-demo validate" -->
> <form>
> <p>
> <label>
> Enter 1-3 numbers
> <input type="text" pattern="^\d{1,3}$" class="validate" required />
> </label>
> </p>
> </form>
``` html
<label>
Enter 1-3 numbers
<input type="text" pattern="^\d{1,3}$" class="validate" required />
</label>
```
---
Form Submission
---------------
On a submit button:
* `formnovalidate`: submit event invalid forms
* `formaction`: Replaces form action
* `formmethod`: Replaces form method
---
Layout
------
<div class="two-columns">
* [Learnlayout](http://learnlayout.com/) by [bocoup](http://bocoup.com/)
* [HTML5 layout from scratch](http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2009/08/04/designing-a-html-5-layout-from-scratch/)
</div>
> <!-- .element: class="source" --> Image is courtesy of [Modesty Zhang](http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/146409/Semantic-HTML5-Page-Layout)
Note:
`<section>` Defines a section in a document.
`<nav>` Defines a section that contains only navigation links.
`<article>` Defines self-contained content that could exist independently of the rest of the content.
`<aside>` Defines some content loosely related to the page content. If it is removed, the remaining content still makes sense.
`<header>` Defines the header of a page or section. It often contains a logo, the title of the Web site, and a navigational table of content.
`<footer>` Defines the footer for a page or section. It often contains a copyright notice, some links to legal information, or addresses to give feedback.
`<main>` Defines the main or important content in the document. There is only one `<main>` element in the document.
---
Content
-------
img, video, audio, canvas...
</script></section>
<section data-markdown data-separator="^\n---+\n---+\n$" data-vertical="^\n---+\n$" data-notes="^Note:" data-charset="utf-8"><script type="text/template">
Css selectors
=============
<img src="img/01/logo_css3.png" style="height: 350px; padding: 20px;" />
---
Cascading StyleSheet
--------------------
* [CSS 2.1 Selector specifications](http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/selector.html)
* [CSS 3 Selector specifications](http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/)
---
TagName selector
----------------
<div class="two-columns">
<div style="width: 30%">
<p>**Try this:**</p><br />
<ul>
<li>**`*`**</dd>
<li>**`div`**</li>
<li>**`div p`**</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="dom-match" style="width: 66%">
<div>
<p></p>
</div>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
---
\#id
---
<div class="two-columns">
<div style="width: 30%">
<p>**Try this:**</p><br />
<ul>
<li>**`#foo`**</dd>
<li>**`div#foo`**</li>
<li>**`p#foo`**</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="dom-match" style="width: 66%">
<div>
<p id="foo"></p>
</div>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
---
.classname
----------
<div class="two-columns">
<div style="width: 30%">
<p>**Try this:**</p><br />
<ul>
<li>**`.foo`**</dd>
<li>**`div.foo`**</li>
<li>**`p.foo`**</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="dom-match" style="width: 66%">
<div class="foo">
<p></p>
</div>
<p class="foo"></p>
</div>
</div>
---
[attr=value]
------------
<div class="two-columns">
<div style="width: 30%">
<p>**Try this:**</p><br />