Implement non-deterministic inversion in the degree 2 extension field

[Al-Kindi-0]

The goal is to implement non-deterministic inversion in the quadratic extension field of Miden VM's base field so as to render the cost of inversion (almost) equal to that of multiplication.

[bobbinth]

I think this would involve 2 things:

1. Add a new decorator to the VM. Something like adv.invext2. This decorator would compute the inverse element and put the result onto the advice tape.
2. Add inv procedure to std::math::ext2 module in stdlib.

One question: would it be more convenient to have the actual division rather than just inversion?

[Al-Kindi-0]

One question: would it be more convenient to have the actual division rather than just inversion?

At the standard library level, I think division is what will be used most, at least for what we are doing at the moment.

[itzmeanjan]

1. Add a new decorator to the VM. Something like adv.invext2. This decorator would compute the inverse element and put the result onto the advice tape.

I try to address it in #596

[itzmeanjan]

2. Add inv procedure to std::math::ext2 module in stdlib.

I address this in #597