validator.go

/*
Copyright IBM Corp. 2016 All Rights Reserved.

SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/

package txvalidator

import (
	"fmt"

	"golang.org/x/net/context"

	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/common/configtx"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/common/flogging"
	coreUtil "github.com/hyperledger/fabric/common/util"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/core/chaincode/shim"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/core/common/ccprovider"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/core/common/sysccprovider"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/core/common/validation"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/core/ledger"
	ledgerUtil "github.com/hyperledger/fabric/core/ledger/util"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/msp"

	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/protos/common"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/protos/peer"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/protos/utils"
	"github.com/op/go-logging"

	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/common/cauthdsl"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/common/channelconfig"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil"
)

// Support provides all of the needed to evaluate the VSCC
type Support interface {
	// Acquire implements semaphore-like acquire semantics
	Acquire(ctx context.Context, n int64) error

	// Release implements semaphore-like release semantics
	Release(n int64)

	// Ledger returns the ledger associated with this validator
	Ledger() ledger.PeerLedger

	// MSPManager returns the MSP manager for this chain
	MSPManager() msp.MSPManager

	// Apply attempts to apply a configtx to become the new config
	Apply(configtx *common.ConfigEnvelope) error

	// GetMSPIDs returns the IDs for the application MSPs
	// that have been defined in the channel
	GetMSPIDs(cid string) []string

	// Capabilities defines the capabilities for the application portion of this channel
	Capabilities() channelconfig.ApplicationCapabilities
}

//Validator interface which defines API to validate block transactions
// and return the bit array mask indicating invalid transactions which
// didn't pass validation.
type Validator interface {
	Validate(block *common.Block) error
}

// private interface to decouple tx validator
// and vscc execution, in order to increase
// testability of txValidator
type vsccValidator interface {
	VSCCValidateTx(payload *common.Payload, envBytes []byte, env *common.Envelope) (error, peer.TxValidationCode)
}

// vsccValidator implementation which used to call
// vscc chaincode and validate block transactions
type vsccValidatorImpl struct {
	support     Support
	ccprovider  ccprovider.ChaincodeProvider
	sccprovider sysccprovider.SystemChaincodeProvider
}

// implementation of Validator interface, keeps
// reference to the ledger to enable tx simulation
// and execution of vscc
type txValidator struct {
	support Support
	vscc    vsccValidator
}

// VSCCInfoLookupFailureError error to indicate inability
// to obtain VSCC information from LCCC
type VSCCInfoLookupFailureError struct {
	reason string
}

// Error returns reasons which lead to the failure
func (e VSCCInfoLookupFailureError) Error() string {
	return e.reason
}

// VSCCEndorsementPolicyError error to mark transaction
// failed endrosement policy check
type VSCCEndorsementPolicyError struct {
	reason string
}

// Error returns reasons which lead to the failure
func (e VSCCEndorsementPolicyError) Error() string {
	return e.reason
}

// VSCCExecutionFailureError error to indicate
// failure during attempt of executing VSCC
// endorsement policy check
type VSCCExecutionFailureError struct {
	reason string
}

// Error returns reasons which lead to the failure
func (e VSCCExecutionFailureError) Error() string {
	return e.reason
}

var logger *logging.Logger // package-level logger

func init() {
	// Init logger with module name
	logger = flogging.MustGetLogger("txvalidator")
}

type blockValidationRequest struct {
	block *common.Block
	d     []byte
	tIdx  int
	v     *txValidator
}

type blockValidationResult struct {
	tIdx                 int
	validationCode       peer.TxValidationCode
	txsChaincodeName     *sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance
	txsUpgradedChaincode *sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance
	err                  error
	txid                 string
}

// NewTxValidator creates new transactions validator
func NewTxValidator(support Support) Validator {
	// Encapsulates interface implementation
	return &txValidator{support,
		&vsccValidatorImpl{
			support:     support,
			ccprovider:  ccprovider.GetChaincodeProvider(),
			sccprovider: sysccprovider.GetSystemChaincodeProvider()}}
}

func (v *txValidator) chainExists(chain string) bool {
	// TODO: implement this function!
	return true
}

// Validate performs the validation of a block. The validation
// of each transaction in the block is performed in parallel.
// The approach is as follows: the committer thread starts the
// tx validation function in a goroutine (using a semaphore to cap
// the number of concurrent validating goroutines). The committer
// thread then reads results of validation (in orderer of completion
// of the goroutines) from the results channel. The goroutines
// perform the validation of the txs in the block and enqueue the
// validation result in the results channel. A few note-worthy facts:
// 1) to keep the approach simple, the committer thread enqueues
//    all transactions in the block and then moves on to reading the
//    results.
// 2) for parallel validation to work, it is important that the
//    validation function does not change the state of the system.
//    Otherwise the order in which validation is perform matters
//    and we have to resort to sequential validation (or some locking).
//    This is currently true, because the only function that affects
//    state is when a config transaction is received, but they are
//    guaranteed to be alone in the block. If/when this assumption
//    is violated, this code must be changed.
func (v *txValidator) Validate(block *common.Block) error {
	var err error
	var errPos int

	logger.Debug("START Block Validation")
	defer logger.Debug("END Block Validation")
	// Initialize trans as valid here, then set invalidation reason code upon invalidation below
	txsfltr := ledgerUtil.NewTxValidationFlags(len(block.Data.Data))
	// txsChaincodeNames records all the invoked chaincodes by tx in a block
	txsChaincodeNames := make(map[int]*sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance)
	// upgradedChaincodes records all the chaincodes that are upgraded in a block
	txsUpgradedChaincodes := make(map[int]*sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance)
	// array of txids
	txidArray := make([]string, len(block.Data.Data))

	results := make(chan *blockValidationResult)
	go func() {
		for tIdx, d := range block.Data.Data {
			tIdxLcl := tIdx
			dLcl := d

			// ensure that we don't have too many concurrent validation workers
			v.support.Acquire(context.Background(), 1)

			go func() {
				defer v.support.Release(1)

				validateTx(&blockValidationRequest{
					d:     dLcl,
					block: block,
					tIdx:  tIdxLcl,
					v:     v,
				}, results)
			}()
		}
	}()

	logger.Debugf("expecting %d block validation responses", len(block.Data.Data))

	// now we read responses in the order in which they come back
	for i := 0; i < len(block.Data.Data); i++ {
		res := <-results

		if res.err != nil {
			// if there is an error, we buffer its value, wait for
			// all workers to complete validation and then return
			// the error from the first tx in this block that returned an error
			logger.Debugf("got terminal error %s for idx %d", res.err, res.tIdx)

			if err == nil || res.tIdx < errPos {
				err = res.err
				errPos = res.tIdx
			}
		} else {
			// if there was no error, we set the txsfltr and we set the
			// txsChaincodeNames and txsUpgradedChaincodes maps
			logger.Debugf("got result for idx %d, code %d", res.tIdx, res.validationCode)

			txsfltr.SetFlag(res.tIdx, res.validationCode)

			if res.validationCode == peer.TxValidationCode_VALID {
				if res.txsChaincodeName != nil {
					txsChaincodeNames[res.tIdx] = res.txsChaincodeName
				}
				if res.txsUpgradedChaincode != nil {
					txsUpgradedChaincodes[res.tIdx] = res.txsUpgradedChaincode
				}
				txidArray[res.tIdx] = res.txid
			}
		}
	}

	// if we're here, all workers have completed the validation.
	// If there was an error we return the error from the first
	// tx in this block that returned an error
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// if we operate with this capability, we mark invalid any transaction that has a txid
	// which is equal to that of a previous tx in this block
	if v.support.Capabilities().ForbidDuplicateTXIdInBlock() {
		markTXIdDuplicates(txidArray, txsfltr)
	}

	// if we're here, all workers have completed validation and
	// no error was reported; we set the tx filter and return
	// success

	txsfltr = v.invalidTXsForUpgradeCC(txsChaincodeNames, txsUpgradedChaincodes, txsfltr)

	// Initialize metadata structure
	utils.InitBlockMetadata(block)

	block.Metadata.Metadata[common.BlockMetadataIndex_TRANSACTIONS_FILTER] = txsfltr

	return nil
}

func markTXIdDuplicates(txids []string, txsfltr ledgerUtil.TxValidationFlags) {
	txidMap := make(map[string]struct{})

	for id, txid := range txids {
		if txid == "" {
			continue
		}

		_, in := txidMap[txid]
		if in {
			logger.Error("Duplicate txid", txid, "found, skipping")
			txsfltr.SetFlag(id, peer.TxValidationCode_DUPLICATE_TXID)
		} else {
			txidMap[txid] = struct{}{}
		}
	}
}

func validateTx(req *blockValidationRequest, results chan<- *blockValidationResult) {
	block := req.block
	d := req.d
	tIdx := req.tIdx
	v := req.v
	txID := ""

	if d == nil {
		results <- &blockValidationResult{
			tIdx: tIdx,
		}
		return
	}

	if env, err := utils.GetEnvelopeFromBlock(d); err != nil {
		logger.Warningf("Error getting tx from block(%s)", err)
		results <- &blockValidationResult{
			tIdx:           tIdx,
			validationCode: peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON,
		}
		return
	} else if env != nil {
		// validate the transaction: here we check that the transaction
		// is properly formed, properly signed and that the security
		// chain binding proposal to endorsements to tx holds. We do
		// NOT check the validity of endorsements, though. That's a
		// job for VSCC below
		logger.Debugf("validateTx starts for block %p env %p txn %d", block, env, tIdx)
		defer logger.Debugf("validateTx completes for block %p env %p txn %d", block, env, tIdx)
		var payload *common.Payload
		var err error
		var txResult peer.TxValidationCode
		var txsChaincodeName *sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance
		var txsUpgradedChaincode *sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance

		if payload, txResult = validation.ValidateTransaction(env); txResult != peer.TxValidationCode_VALID {
			logger.Errorf("Invalid transaction with index %d", tIdx)
			results <- &blockValidationResult{
				tIdx:           tIdx,
				validationCode: txResult,
			}
			return
		}

		chdr, err := utils.UnmarshalChannelHeader(payload.Header.ChannelHeader)
		if err != nil {
			logger.Warningf("Could not unmarshal channel header, err %s, skipping", err)
			results <- &blockValidationResult{
				tIdx:           tIdx,
				validationCode: peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON,
			}
			return
		}

		channel := chdr.ChannelId
		logger.Debugf("Transaction is for chain %s", channel)

		if !v.chainExists(channel) {
			logger.Errorf("Dropping transaction for non-existent chain %s", channel)
			results <- &blockValidationResult{
				tIdx:           tIdx,
				validationCode: peer.TxValidationCode_TARGET_CHAIN_NOT_FOUND,
			}
			return
		}

		if common.HeaderType(chdr.Type) == common.HeaderType_ENDORSER_TRANSACTION {
			// Check duplicate transactions
			txID = chdr.TxId
			if _, err := v.support.Ledger().GetTransactionByID(txID); err == nil {
				logger.Error("Duplicate transaction found, ", txID, ", skipping")
				results <- &blockValidationResult{
					tIdx:           tIdx,
					validationCode: peer.TxValidationCode_DUPLICATE_TXID,
				}
				return
			}

			// Validate tx with vscc and policy
			logger.Debug("Validating transaction vscc tx validate")
			err, cde := v.vscc.VSCCValidateTx(payload, d, env)
			if err != nil {
				logger.Errorf("VSCCValidateTx for transaction txId = %s returned error %s", txID, err)
				switch err.(type) {
				case *VSCCExecutionFailureError:
					results <- &blockValidationResult{
						tIdx: tIdx,
						err:  err,
					}
					return
				case *VSCCInfoLookupFailureError:
					results <- &blockValidationResult{
						tIdx: tIdx,
						err:  err,
					}
					return
				default:
					results <- &blockValidationResult{
						tIdx:           tIdx,
						validationCode: cde,
					}
					return
				}
			}

			invokeCC, upgradeCC, err := v.getTxCCInstance(payload)
			if err != nil {
				logger.Errorf("Get chaincode instance from transaction txId = %s returned error %s", txID, err)
				results <- &blockValidationResult{
					tIdx:           tIdx,
					validationCode: peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON,
				}
				return
			}
			txsChaincodeName = invokeCC
			if upgradeCC != nil {
				logger.Infof("Find chaincode upgrade transaction for chaincode %s on chain %s with new version %s", upgradeCC.ChaincodeName, upgradeCC.ChainID, upgradeCC.ChaincodeVersion)
				txsUpgradedChaincode = upgradeCC
			}
		} else if common.HeaderType(chdr.Type) == common.HeaderType_CONFIG {
			configEnvelope, err := configtx.UnmarshalConfigEnvelope(payload.Data)
			if err != nil {
				err := fmt.Errorf("Error unmarshaling config which passed initial validity checks: %s", err)
				logger.Critical(err)
				results <- &blockValidationResult{
					tIdx: tIdx,
					err:  err,
				}
				return
			}

			if err := v.support.Apply(configEnvelope); err != nil {
				err := fmt.Errorf("Error validating config which passed initial validity checks: %s", err)
				logger.Critical(err)
				results <- &blockValidationResult{
					tIdx: tIdx,
					err:  err,
				}
				return
			}
			logger.Debugf("config transaction received for chain %s", channel)
		} else {
			logger.Warningf("Unknown transaction type [%s] in block number [%d] transaction index [%d]",
				common.HeaderType(chdr.Type), block.Header.Number, tIdx)
			results <- &blockValidationResult{
				tIdx:           tIdx,
				validationCode: peer.TxValidationCode_UNKNOWN_TX_TYPE,
			}
			return
		}

		if _, err := proto.Marshal(env); err != nil {
			logger.Warningf("Cannot marshal transaction due to %s", err)
			results <- &blockValidationResult{
				tIdx:           tIdx,
				validationCode: peer.TxValidationCode_MARSHAL_TX_ERROR,
			}
			return
		}
		// Succeeded to pass down here, transaction is valid
		results <- &blockValidationResult{
			tIdx:                 tIdx,
			txsChaincodeName:     txsChaincodeName,
			txsUpgradedChaincode: txsUpgradedChaincode,
			validationCode:       peer.TxValidationCode_VALID,
			txid:                 txID,
		}
		return
	} else {
		logger.Warning("Nil tx from block")
		results <- &blockValidationResult{
			tIdx:           tIdx,
			validationCode: peer.TxValidationCode_NIL_ENVELOPE,
		}
		return
	}
}

// generateCCKey generates a unique identifier for chaincode in specific chain
func (v *txValidator) generateCCKey(ccName, chainID string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", ccName, chainID)
}

// invalidTXsForUpgradeCC invalid all txs that should be invalided because of chaincode upgrade txs
func (v *txValidator) invalidTXsForUpgradeCC(txsChaincodeNames map[int]*sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance, txsUpgradedChaincodes map[int]*sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance, txsfltr ledgerUtil.TxValidationFlags) ledgerUtil.TxValidationFlags {
	if len(txsUpgradedChaincodes) == 0 {
		return txsfltr
	}

	// Invalid former cc upgrade txs if there're two or more txs upgrade the same cc
	finalValidUpgradeTXs := make(map[string]int)
	upgradedChaincodes := make(map[string]*sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance)
	for tIdx, cc := range txsUpgradedChaincodes {
		if cc == nil {
			continue
		}
		upgradedCCKey := v.generateCCKey(cc.ChaincodeName, cc.ChainID)

		if finalIdx, exist := finalValidUpgradeTXs[upgradedCCKey]; !exist {
			finalValidUpgradeTXs[upgradedCCKey] = tIdx
			upgradedChaincodes[upgradedCCKey] = cc
		} else if finalIdx < tIdx {
			logger.Infof("Invalid transaction with index %d: chaincode was upgraded by latter tx", finalIdx)
			txsfltr.SetFlag(finalIdx, peer.TxValidationCode_CHAINCODE_VERSION_CONFLICT)

			// record latter cc upgrade tx info
			finalValidUpgradeTXs[upgradedCCKey] = tIdx
			upgradedChaincodes[upgradedCCKey] = cc
		} else {
			logger.Infof("Invalid transaction with index %d: chaincode was upgraded by latter tx", tIdx)
			txsfltr.SetFlag(tIdx, peer.TxValidationCode_CHAINCODE_VERSION_CONFLICT)
		}
	}

	// invalid txs which invoke the upgraded chaincodes
	for tIdx, cc := range txsChaincodeNames {
		if cc == nil {
			continue
		}
		ccKey := v.generateCCKey(cc.ChaincodeName, cc.ChainID)
		if _, exist := upgradedChaincodes[ccKey]; exist {
			if txsfltr.IsValid(tIdx) {
				logger.Infof("Invalid transaction with index %d: chaincode was upgraded in the same block", tIdx)
				txsfltr.SetFlag(tIdx, peer.TxValidationCode_CHAINCODE_VERSION_CONFLICT)
			}
		}
	}

	return txsfltr
}

func (v *txValidator) getTxCCInstance(payload *common.Payload) (invokeCCIns, upgradeCCIns *sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance, err error) {
	// This is duplicated unpacking work, but make test easier.
	chdr, err := utils.UnmarshalChannelHeader(payload.Header.ChannelHeader)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	// Chain ID
	chainID := chdr.ChannelId // it is guaranteed to be an existing channel by now

	// ChaincodeID
	hdrExt, err := utils.GetChaincodeHeaderExtension(payload.Header)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	invokeCC := hdrExt.ChaincodeId
	invokeIns := &sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance{ChainID: chainID, ChaincodeName: invokeCC.Name, ChaincodeVersion: invokeCC.Version}

	// Transaction
	tx, err := utils.GetTransaction(payload.Data)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Errorf("GetTransaction failed: %s", err)
		return invokeIns, nil, nil
	}

	// ChaincodeActionPayload
	cap, err := utils.GetChaincodeActionPayload(tx.Actions[0].Payload)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Errorf("GetChaincodeActionPayload failed: %s", err)
		return invokeIns, nil, nil
	}

	// ChaincodeProposalPayload
	cpp, err := utils.GetChaincodeProposalPayload(cap.ChaincodeProposalPayload)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Errorf("GetChaincodeProposalPayload failed: %s", err)
		return invokeIns, nil, nil
	}

	// ChaincodeInvocationSpec
	cis := &peer.ChaincodeInvocationSpec{}
	err = proto.Unmarshal(cpp.Input, cis)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Errorf("GetChaincodeInvokeSpec failed: %s", err)
		return invokeIns, nil, nil
	}

	if invokeCC.Name == "lscc" {
		if string(cis.ChaincodeSpec.Input.Args[0]) == "upgrade" {
			upgradeIns, err := v.getUpgradeTxInstance(chainID, cis.ChaincodeSpec.Input.Args[2])
			if err != nil {
				return invokeIns, nil, nil
			}
			return invokeIns, upgradeIns, nil
		}
	}

	return invokeIns, nil, nil
}

func (v *txValidator) getUpgradeTxInstance(chainID string, cdsBytes []byte) (*sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance, error) {
	cds, err := utils.GetChaincodeDeploymentSpec(cdsBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance{
		ChainID:          chainID,
		ChaincodeName:    cds.ChaincodeSpec.ChaincodeId.Name,
		ChaincodeVersion: cds.ChaincodeSpec.ChaincodeId.Version,
	}, nil
}

// GetInfoForValidate gets the ChaincodeInstance(with latest version) of tx, vscc and policy from lscc
func (v *vsccValidatorImpl) GetInfoForValidate(txid, chID, ccID string) (*sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance, *sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance, []byte, error) {
	cc := &sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance{ChainID: chID}
	vscc := &sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance{ChainID: chID}
	var policy []byte
	var err error
	if !sysccprovider.GetSystemChaincodeProvider().IsSysCC(ccID) {
		// when we are validating a chaincode that is not a
		// system CC, we need to ask the CC to give us the name
		// of VSCC and of the policy that should be used

		// obtain name of the VSCC and the policy from LSCC
		cd, err := v.getCDataForCC(ccID)
		if err != nil {
			msg := fmt.Sprintf("Unable to get chaincode data from ledger for txid %s, due to %s", txid, err)
			logger.Errorf(msg)
			return nil, nil, nil, err
		}
		cc.ChaincodeName = cd.Name
		cc.ChaincodeVersion = cd.Version
		vscc.ChaincodeName = cd.Vscc
		policy = cd.Policy
	} else {
		// when we are validating a system CC, we use the default
		// VSCC and a default policy that requires one signature
		// from any of the members of the channel
		cc.ChaincodeName = ccID
		cc.ChaincodeVersion = coreUtil.GetSysCCVersion()
		vscc.ChaincodeName = "vscc"
		p := cauthdsl.SignedByAnyMember(v.support.GetMSPIDs(chID))
		policy, err = utils.Marshal(p)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, nil, err
		}
	}

	// Get vscc version
	vscc.ChaincodeVersion = coreUtil.GetSysCCVersion()

	return cc, vscc, policy, nil
}

func (v *vsccValidatorImpl) VSCCValidateTx(payload *common.Payload, envBytes []byte, env *common.Envelope) (error, peer.TxValidationCode) {
	logger.Debugf("VSCCValidateTx starts for env %p envbytes %p", env, envBytes)
	defer logger.Debugf("VSCCValidateTx completes for env %p envbytes %p", env, envBytes)

	// get header extensions so we have the chaincode ID
	hdrExt, err := utils.GetChaincodeHeaderExtension(payload.Header)
	if err != nil {
		return err, peer.TxValidationCode_BAD_HEADER_EXTENSION
	}

	// get channel header
	chdr, err := utils.UnmarshalChannelHeader(payload.Header.ChannelHeader)
	if err != nil {
		return err, peer.TxValidationCode_BAD_CHANNEL_HEADER
	}

	/* obtain the list of namespaces we're writing stuff to;
	   at first, we establish a few facts about this invocation:
	   1) which namespaces does it write to?
	   2) does it write to LSCC's namespace?
	   3) does it write to any cc that cannot be invoked? */
	wrNamespace := []string{}
	writesToLSCC := false
	writesToNonInvokableSCC := false
	respPayload, err := utils.GetActionFromEnvelope(envBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("GetActionFromEnvelope failed, error %s", err), peer.TxValidationCode_BAD_RESPONSE_PAYLOAD
	}
	txRWSet := &rwsetutil.TxRwSet{}
	if err = txRWSet.FromProtoBytes(respPayload.Results); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("txRWSet.FromProtoBytes failed, error %s", err), peer.TxValidationCode_BAD_RWSET
	}
	for _, ns := range txRWSet.NsRwSets {
		if len(ns.KvRwSet.Writes) > 0 {
			wrNamespace = append(wrNamespace, ns.NameSpace)

			if !writesToLSCC && ns.NameSpace == "lscc" {
				writesToLSCC = true
			}

			if !writesToNonInvokableSCC && v.sccprovider.IsSysCCAndNotInvokableCC2CC(ns.NameSpace) {
				writesToNonInvokableSCC = true
			}

			if !writesToNonInvokableSCC && v.sccprovider.IsSysCCAndNotInvokableExternal(ns.NameSpace) {
				writesToNonInvokableSCC = true
			}
		}
	}

	// get name and version of the cc we invoked
	ccID := hdrExt.ChaincodeId.Name
	ccVer := respPayload.ChaincodeId.Version

	// sanity check on ccID
	if ccID == "" {
		err := fmt.Errorf("invalid chaincode ID")
		logger.Errorf("%s", err)
		return err, peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON
	}
	if ccID != respPayload.ChaincodeId.Name {
		err := fmt.Errorf("inconsistent ccid info (%s/%s)", ccID, respPayload.ChaincodeId.Name)
		logger.Errorf("%s", err)
		return err, peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON
	}
	// sanity check on ccver
	if ccVer == "" {
		err := fmt.Errorf("invalid chaincode version")
		logger.Errorf("%s", err)
		return err, peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON
	}

	// we've gathered all the info required to proceed to validation;
	// validation will behave differently depending on the type of
	// chaincode (system vs. application)

	if !v.sccprovider.IsSysCC(ccID) {
		// if we're here, we know this is an invocation of an application chaincode;
		// first of all, we make sure that:
		// 1) we don't write to LSCC - an application chaincode is free to invoke LSCC
		//    for instance to get information about itself or another chaincode; however
		//    these legitimate invocations only ready from LSCC's namespace; currently
		//    only two functions of LSCC write to its namespace: deploy and upgrade and
		//    neither should be used by an application chaincode
		if writesToLSCC {
			return fmt.Errorf("Chaincode %s attempted to write to the namespace of LSCC", ccID),
				peer.TxValidationCode_ILLEGAL_WRITESET
		}
		// 2) we don't write to the namespace of a chaincode that we cannot invoke - if
		//    the chaincode cannot be invoked in the first place, there's no legitimate
		//    way in which a transaction has a write set that writes to it; additionally
		//    we don't have any means of verifying whether the transaction had the rights
		//    to perform that write operation because in v1, system chaincodes do not have
		//    any endorsement policies to speak of. So if the chaincode can't be invoked
		//    it can't be written to by an invocation of an application chaincode
		if writesToNonInvokableSCC {
			return fmt.Errorf("Chaincode %s attempted to write to the namespace of a system chaincode that cannot be invoked", ccID),
				peer.TxValidationCode_ILLEGAL_WRITESET
		}

		// validate *EACH* read write set according to its chaincode's endorsement policy
		for _, ns := range wrNamespace {
			// Get latest chaincode version, vscc and validate policy
			txcc, vscc, policy, err := v.GetInfoForValidate(chdr.TxId, chdr.ChannelId, ns)
			if err != nil {
				logger.Errorf("GetInfoForValidate for txId = %s returned error %s", chdr.TxId, err)
				return err, peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON
			}

			// if the namespace corresponds to the cc that was originally
			// invoked, we check that the version of the cc that was
			// invoked corresponds to the version that lscc has returned
			if ns == ccID && txcc.ChaincodeVersion != ccVer {
				err := fmt.Errorf("Chaincode %s:%s/%s didn't match %s:%s/%s in lscc", ccID, ccVer, chdr.ChannelId, txcc.ChaincodeName, txcc.ChaincodeVersion, chdr.ChannelId)
				logger.Errorf(err.Error())
				return err, peer.TxValidationCode_EXPIRED_CHAINCODE
			}

			// do VSCC validation
			if err = v.VSCCValidateTxForCC(envBytes, chdr.TxId, chdr.ChannelId, vscc.ChaincodeName, vscc.ChaincodeVersion, policy); err != nil {
				switch err.(type) {
				case *VSCCEndorsementPolicyError:
					return err, peer.TxValidationCode_ENDORSEMENT_POLICY_FAILURE
				default:
					return err, peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON
				}
			}
		}
	} else {
		// make sure that we can invoke this system chaincode - if the chaincode
		// cannot be invoked through a proposal to this peer, we have to drop the
		// transaction; if we didn't, we wouldn't know how to decide whether it's
		// valid or not because in v1, system chaincodes have no endorsement policy
		if v.sccprovider.IsSysCCAndNotInvokableExternal(ccID) {
			return fmt.Errorf("Committing an invocation of cc %s is illegal", ccID),
				peer.TxValidationCode_ILLEGAL_WRITESET
		}

		// Get latest chaincode version, vscc and validate policy
		_, vscc, policy, err := v.GetInfoForValidate(chdr.TxId, chdr.ChannelId, ccID)
		if err != nil {
			logger.Errorf("GetInfoForValidate for txId = %s returned error %s", chdr.TxId, err)
			return err, peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON
		}

		// validate the transaction as an invocation of this system chaincode;
		// vscc will have to do custom validation for this system chaincode
		// currently, VSCC does custom validation for LSCC only; if an hlf
		// user creates a new system chaincode which is invokable from the outside
		// they have to modify VSCC to provide appropriate validation
		if err = v.VSCCValidateTxForCC(envBytes, chdr.TxId, vscc.ChainID, vscc.ChaincodeName, vscc.ChaincodeVersion, policy); err != nil {
			switch err.(type) {
			case *VSCCEndorsementPolicyError:
				return err, peer.TxValidationCode_ENDORSEMENT_POLICY_FAILURE
			default:
				return err, peer.TxValidationCode_INVALID_OTHER_REASON
			}
		}
	}

	return nil, peer.TxValidationCode_VALID
}

func (v *vsccValidatorImpl) VSCCValidateTxForCC(envBytes []byte, txid, chid, vsccName, vsccVer string, policy []byte) error {
	logger.Debugf("VSCCValidateTxForCC starts for envbytes %p", envBytes)
	defer logger.Debugf("VSCCValidateTxForCC completes for envbytes %p", envBytes)
	ctxt, txsim, err := v.ccprovider.GetContext(v.support.Ledger(), txid)
	if err != nil {
		msg := fmt.Sprintf("Cannot obtain context for txid=%s, err %s", txid, err)
		logger.Errorf(msg)
		return &VSCCExecutionFailureError{msg}
	}
	defer txsim.Done()

	// build arguments for VSCC invocation
	// args[0] - function name (not used now)
	// args[1] - serialized Envelope
	// args[2] - serialized policy
	args := [][]byte{[]byte(""), envBytes, policy}

	// get context to invoke VSCC
	vscctxid := coreUtil.GenerateUUID()
	cccid := v.ccprovider.GetCCContext(chid, vsccName, vsccVer, vscctxid, true, nil, nil)

	// invoke VSCC
	logger.Debug("Invoking VSCC txid", txid, "chaindID", chid)
	res, _, err := v.ccprovider.ExecuteChaincode(ctxt, cccid, args)
	if err != nil {
		msg := fmt.Sprintf("Invoke VSCC failed for transaction txid=%s, error %s", txid, err)
		logger.Errorf(msg)
		return &VSCCExecutionFailureError{msg}
	}
	if res.Status != shim.OK {
		logger.Errorf("VSCC check failed for transaction txid=%s, error %s", txid, res.Message)
		return &VSCCEndorsementPolicyError{fmt.Sprintf("%s", res.Message)}
	}

	return nil
}

func (v *vsccValidatorImpl) getCDataForCC(ccid string) (*ccprovider.ChaincodeData, error) {
	l := v.support.Ledger()
	if l == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nil ledger instance")
	}

	qe, err := l.NewQueryExecutor()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Could not retrieve QueryExecutor, error %s", err)
	}
	defer qe.Done()

	bytes, err := qe.GetState("lscc", ccid)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, &VSCCInfoLookupFailureError{fmt.Sprintf("Could not retrieve state for chaincode %s, error %s", ccid, err)}
	}

	if bytes == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lscc's state for [%s] not found.", ccid)
	}

	cd := &ccprovider.ChaincodeData{}
	err = proto.Unmarshal(bytes, cd)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unmarshalling ChaincodeQueryResponse failed, error %s", err)
	}

	if cd.Vscc == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lscc's state for [%s] is invalid, vscc field must be set.", ccid)
	}

	if len(cd.Policy) == 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lscc's state for [%s] is invalid, policy field must be set.", ccid)
	}

	return cd, err
}