flag.go

// Copyright 2014-2015 The Docker & Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

/*
	Package flag implements command-line flag parsing.

	Usage:

	Define flags using flag.String(), Bool(), Int(), etc.

	This declares an integer flag, -f or --flagname, stored in the pointer ip, with type *int.
		import "flag /github.com/docker/docker/pkg/mflag"
		var ip = flag.Int([]string{"f", "-flagname"}, 1234, "help message for flagname")
	If you like, you can bind the flag to a variable using the Var() functions.
		var flagvar int
		func init() {
			// -flaghidden will work, but will be hidden from the usage
			flag.IntVar(&flagvar, []string{"f", "#flaghidden", "-flagname"}, 1234, "help message for flagname")
		}
	Or you can create custom flags that satisfy the Value interface (with
	pointer receivers) and couple them to flag parsing by
		flag.Var(&flagVal, []string{"name"}, "help message for flagname")
	For such flags, the default value is just the initial value of the variable.

	You can also add "deprecated" flags, they are still usable, but are not shown
	in the usage and will display a warning when you try to use them. `#` before
	an option means this option is deprecated, if there is an following option
	without `#` ahead, then that's the replacement, if not, it will just be removed:
		var ip = flag.Int([]string{"#f", "#flagname", "-flagname"}, 1234, "help message for flagname")
	this will display: `Warning: '-f' is deprecated, it will be replaced by '--flagname' soon. See usage.` or
	this will display: `Warning: '-flagname' is deprecated, it will be replaced by '--flagname' soon. See usage.`
		var ip = flag.Int([]string{"f", "#flagname"}, 1234, "help message for flagname")
	will display: `Warning: '-flagname' is deprecated, it will be removed soon. See usage.`
	so you can only use `-f`.

	You can also group one letter flags, bif you declare
		var v = flag.Bool([]string{"v", "-verbose"}, false, "help message for verbose")
		var s = flag.Bool([]string{"s", "-slow"}, false, "help message for slow")
	you will be able to use the -vs or -sv

	After all flags are defined, call
		flag.Parse()
	to parse the command line into the defined flags.

	Flags may then be used directly. If you're using the flags themselves,
	they are all pointers; if you bind to variables, they're values.
		fmt.Println("ip has value ", *ip)
		fmt.Println("flagvar has value ", flagvar)

	After parsing, the arguments after the flag are available as the
	slice flag.Args() or individually as flag.Arg(i).
	The arguments are indexed from 0 through flag.NArg()-1.

	Command line flag syntax:
		-flag
		-flag=x
		-flag="x"
		-flag='x'
		-flag x  // non-boolean flags only
	One or two minus signs may be used; they are equivalent.
	The last form is not permitted for boolean flags because the
	meaning of the command
		cmd -x *
	will change if there is a file called 0, false, etc.  You must
	use the -flag=false form to turn off a boolean flag.

	Flag parsing stops just before the first non-flag argument
	("-" is a non-flag argument) or after the terminator "--".

	Integer flags accept 1234, 0664, 0x1234 and may be negative.
	Boolean flags may be 1, 0, t, f, true, false, TRUE, FALSE, True, False.
	Duration flags accept any input valid for time.ParseDuration.

	The default set of command-line flags is controlled by
	top-level functions.  The FlagSet type allows one to define
	independent sets of flags, such as to implement subcommands
	in a command-line interface. The methods of FlagSet are
	analogous to the top-level functions for the command-line
	flag set.
*/
package mflag

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"text/tabwriter"
	"time"
)

// ErrHelp is the error returned if the flag -help is invoked but no such flag is defined.
var ErrHelp = errors.New("flag: help requested")

// ErrRetry is the error returned if you need to try letter by letter
var ErrRetry = errors.New("flag: retry")

// -- bool Value
type boolValue bool

func newBoolValue(val bool, p *bool) *boolValue {
	*p = val
	return (*boolValue)(p)
}

func (b *boolValue) Set(s string) error {
	v, err := strconv.ParseBool(s)
	*b = boolValue(v)
	return err
}

func (b *boolValue) Get() interface{} { return bool(*b) }

func (b *boolValue) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%v", *b) }

func (b *boolValue) IsBoolFlag() bool { return true }

// optional interface to indicate boolean flags that can be
// supplied without "=value" text
type boolFlag interface {
	Value
	IsBoolFlag() bool
}

// -- int Value
type intValue int

func newIntValue(val int, p *int) *intValue {
	*p = val
	return (*intValue)(p)
}

func (i *intValue) Set(s string) error {
	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 64)
	*i = intValue(v)
	return err
}

func (i *intValue) Get() interface{} { return int(*i) }

func (i *intValue) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%v", *i) }

// -- int64 Value
type int64Value int64

func newInt64Value(val int64, p *int64) *int64Value {
	*p = val
	return (*int64Value)(p)
}

func (i *int64Value) Set(s string) error {
	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 64)
	*i = int64Value(v)
	return err
}

func (i *int64Value) Get() interface{} { return int64(*i) }

func (i *int64Value) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%v", *i) }

// -- uint Value
type uintValue uint

func newUintValue(val uint, p *uint) *uintValue {
	*p = val
	return (*uintValue)(p)
}

func (i *uintValue) Set(s string) error {
	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 0, 64)
	*i = uintValue(v)
	return err
}

func (i *uintValue) Get() interface{} { return uint(*i) }

func (i *uintValue) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%v", *i) }

// -- uint64 Value
type uint64Value uint64

func newUint64Value(val uint64, p *uint64) *uint64Value {
	*p = val
	return (*uint64Value)(p)
}

func (i *uint64Value) Set(s string) error {
	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 0, 64)
	*i = uint64Value(v)
	return err
}

func (i *uint64Value) Get() interface{} { return uint64(*i) }

func (i *uint64Value) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%v", *i) }

// -- string Value
type stringValue string

func newStringValue(val string, p *string) *stringValue {
	*p = val
	return (*stringValue)(p)
}

func (s *stringValue) Set(val string) error {
	*s = stringValue(val)
	return nil
}

func (s *stringValue) Get() interface{} { return string(*s) }

func (s *stringValue) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%s", *s) }

// -- float64 Value
type float64Value float64

func newFloat64Value(val float64, p *float64) *float64Value {
	*p = val
	return (*float64Value)(p)
}

func (f *float64Value) Set(s string) error {
	v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64)
	*f = float64Value(v)
	return err
}

func (f *float64Value) Get() interface{} { return float64(*f) }

func (f *float64Value) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%v", *f) }

// -- time.Duration Value
type durationValue time.Duration

func newDurationValue(val time.Duration, p *time.Duration) *durationValue {
	*p = val
	return (*durationValue)(p)
}

func (d *durationValue) Set(s string) error {
	v, err := time.ParseDuration(s)
	*d = durationValue(v)
	return err
}

func (d *durationValue) Get() interface{} { return time.Duration(*d) }

func (d *durationValue) String() string { return (*time.Duration)(d).String() }

// Value is the interface to the dynamic value stored in a flag.
// (The default value is represented as a string.)
//
// If a Value has an IsBoolFlag() bool method returning true,
// the command-line parser makes -name equivalent to -name=true
// rather than using the next command-line argument.
type Value interface {
	String() string
	Set(string) error
}

// Getter is an interface that allows the contents of a Value to be retrieved.
// It wraps the Value interface, rather than being part of it, because it
// appeared after Go 1 and its compatibility rules. All Value types provided
// by this package satisfy the Getter interface.
type Getter interface {
	Value
	Get() interface{}
}

// ErrorHandling defines how to handle flag parsing errors.
type ErrorHandling int

const (
	ContinueOnError ErrorHandling = iota
	ExitOnError
	PanicOnError
)

// A FlagSet represents a set of defined flags.  The zero value of a FlagSet
// has no name and has ContinueOnError error handling.
type FlagSet struct {
	// Usage is the function called when an error occurs while parsing flags.
	// The field is a function (not a method) that may be changed to point to
	// a custom error handler.
	Usage func()

	name             string
	parsed           bool
	actual           map[string]*Flag
	formal           map[string]*Flag
	args             []string // arguments after flags
	errorHandling    ErrorHandling
	output           io.Writer // nil means stderr; use Out() accessor
	nArgRequirements []nArgRequirement
}

// A Flag represents the state of a flag.
type Flag struct {
	Names    []string // name as it appears on command line
	Usage    string   // help message
	Value    Value    // value as set
	DefValue string   // default value (as text); for usage message
}

type flagSlice []string

func (p flagSlice) Len() int { return len(p) }
func (p flagSlice) Less(i, j int) bool {
	pi, pj := strings.TrimPrefix(p[i], "-"), strings.TrimPrefix(p[j], "-")
	lpi, lpj := strings.ToLower(pi), strings.ToLower(pj)
	if lpi != lpj {
		return lpi < lpj
	}
	return pi < pj
}
func (p flagSlice) Swap(i, j int) { p[i], p[j] = p[j], p[i] }

// sortFlags returns the flags as a slice in lexicographical sorted order.
func sortFlags(flags map[string]*Flag) []*Flag {
	var list flagSlice

	// The sorted list is based on the first name, when flag map might use the other names.
	nameMap := make(map[string]string)

	for n, f := range flags {
		fName := strings.TrimPrefix(f.Names[0], "#")
		nameMap[fName] = n
		if len(f.Names) == 1 {
			list = append(list, fName)
			continue
		}

		found := false
		for _, name := range list {
			if name == fName {
				found = true
				break
			}
		}
		if !found {
			list = append(list, fName)
		}
	}
	sort.Sort(list)
	result := make([]*Flag, len(list))
	for i, name := range list {
		result[i] = flags[nameMap[name]]
	}
	return result
}

// Name returns the name of the FlagSet.
func (f *FlagSet) Name() string {
	return f.name
}

// Out returns the destination for usage and error messages.
func (f *FlagSet) Out() io.Writer {
	if f.output == nil {
		return os.Stderr
	}
	return f.output
}

// SetOutput sets the destination for usage and error messages.
// If output is nil, os.Stderr is used.
func (f *FlagSet) SetOutput(output io.Writer) {
	f.output = output
}

// VisitAll visits the flags in lexicographical order, calling fn for each.
// It visits all flags, even those not set.
func (f *FlagSet) VisitAll(fn func(*Flag)) {
	for _, flag := range sortFlags(f.formal) {
		fn(flag)
	}
}

// VisitAll visits the command-line flags in lexicographical order, calling
// fn for each.  It visits all flags, even those not set.
func VisitAll(fn func(*Flag)) {
	CommandLine.VisitAll(fn)
}

// Visit visits the flags in lexicographical order, calling fn for each.
// It visits only those flags that have been set.
func (f *FlagSet) Visit(fn func(*Flag)) {
	for _, flag := range sortFlags(f.actual) {
		fn(flag)
	}
}

// Visit visits the command-line flags in lexicographical order, calling fn
// for each.  It visits only those flags that have been set.
func Visit(fn func(*Flag)) {
	CommandLine.Visit(fn)
}

// Lookup returns the Flag structure of the named flag, returning nil if none exists.
func (f *FlagSet) Lookup(name string) *Flag {
	return f.formal[name]
}

// Indicates whether the specified flag was specified at all on the cmd line
func (f *FlagSet) IsSet(name string) bool {
	return f.actual[name] != nil
}

// Lookup returns the Flag structure of the named command-line flag,
// returning nil if none exists.
func Lookup(name string) *Flag {
	return CommandLine.formal[name]
}

// Indicates whether the specified flag was specified at all on the cmd line
func IsSet(name string) bool {
	return CommandLine.IsSet(name)
}

type nArgRequirementType int

// Indicator used to pass to BadArgs function
const (
	Exact nArgRequirementType = iota
	Max
	Min
)

type nArgRequirement struct {
	Type nArgRequirementType
	N    int
}

// Require adds a requirement about the number of arguments for the FlagSet.
// The first parameter can be Exact, Max, or Min to respectively specify the exact,
// the maximum, or the minimal number of arguments required.
// The actual check is done in FlagSet.CheckArgs().
func (f *FlagSet) Require(nArgRequirementType nArgRequirementType, nArg int) {
	f.nArgRequirements = append(f.nArgRequirements, nArgRequirement{nArgRequirementType, nArg})
}

// CheckArgs uses the requirements set by FlagSet.Require() to validate
// the number of arguments. If the requirements are not met,
// an error message string is returned.
func (f *FlagSet) CheckArgs() (message string) {
	for _, req := range f.nArgRequirements {
		var arguments string
		if req.N == 1 {
			arguments = "1 argument"
		} else {
			arguments = fmt.Sprintf("%d arguments", req.N)
		}

		str := func(kind string) string {
			return fmt.Sprintf("%q requires %s%s", f.name, kind, arguments)
		}

		switch req.Type {
		case Exact:
			if f.NArg() != req.N {
				return str("")
			}
		case Max:
			if f.NArg() > req.N {
				return str("a maximum of ")
			}
		case Min:
			if f.NArg() < req.N {
				return str("a minimum of ")
			}
		}
	}
	return ""
}

// Set sets the value of the named flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Set(name, value string) error {
	flag, ok := f.formal[name]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("no such flag -%v", name)
	}
	err := flag.Value.Set(value)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if f.actual == nil {
		f.actual = make(map[string]*Flag)
	}
	f.actual[name] = flag
	return nil
}

// Set sets the value of the named command-line flag.
func Set(name, value string) error {
	return CommandLine.Set(name, value)
}

// PrintDefaults prints, to standard error unless configured
// otherwise, the default values of all defined flags in the set.
func (f *FlagSet) PrintDefaults() {
	writer := tabwriter.NewWriter(f.Out(), 20, 1, 3, ' ', 0)
	f.VisitAll(func(flag *Flag) {
		format := "  -%s=%s"
		if _, ok := flag.Value.(*stringValue); ok {
			// put quotes on the value
			format = "  -%s=%q"
		}
		names := []string{}
		for _, name := range flag.Names {
			if name[0] != '#' {
				names = append(names, name)
			}
		}
		if len(names) > 0 {
			fmt.Fprintf(writer, format, strings.Join(names, ", -"), flag.DefValue)
			for i, line := range strings.Split(flag.Usage, "\n") {
				if i != 0 {
					line = "  " + line
				}
				fmt.Fprintln(writer, "\t", line)
			}
		}
	})
	writer.Flush()
}

// PrintDefaults prints to standard error the default values of all defined command-line flags.
func PrintDefaults() {
	CommandLine.PrintDefaults()
}

// defaultUsage is the default function to print a usage message.
func defaultUsage(f *FlagSet) {
	if f.name == "" {
		fmt.Fprintf(f.Out(), "Usage:\n")
	} else {
		fmt.Fprintf(f.Out(), "Usage of %s:\n", f.name)
	}
	f.PrintDefaults()
}

// NOTE: Usage is not just defaultUsage(CommandLine)
// because it serves (via godoc flag Usage) as the example
// for how to write your own usage function.

// Usage prints to standard error a usage message documenting all defined command-line flags.
// The function is a variable that may be changed to point to a custom function.
var Usage = func() {
	fmt.Fprintf(CommandLine.output, "Usage of %s:\n", os.Args[0])
	PrintDefaults()
}

// FlagCount returns the number of flags that have been defined.
func (f *FlagSet) FlagCount() int { return len(sortFlags(f.formal)) }

// FlagCountUndeprecated returns the number of undeprecated flags that have been defined.
func (f *FlagSet) FlagCountUndeprecated() int {
	count := 0
	for _, flag := range sortFlags(f.formal) {
		for _, name := range flag.Names {
			if name[0] != '#' {
				count++
				break
			}
		}
	}
	return count
}

// NFlag returns the number of flags that have been set.
func (f *FlagSet) NFlag() int { return len(f.actual) }

// NFlag returns the number of command-line flags that have been set.
func NFlag() int { return len(CommandLine.actual) }

// Arg returns the i'th argument.  Arg(0) is the first remaining argument
// after flags have been processed.
func (f *FlagSet) Arg(i int) string {
	if i < 0 || i >= len(f.args) {
		return ""
	}
	return f.args[i]
}

// Arg returns the i'th command-line argument.  Arg(0) is the first remaining argument
// after flags have been processed.
func Arg(i int) string {
	return CommandLine.Arg(i)
}

// NArg is the number of arguments remaining after flags have been processed.
func (f *FlagSet) NArg() int { return len(f.args) }

// NArg is the number of arguments remaining after flags have been processed.
func NArg() int { return len(CommandLine.args) }

// Args returns the non-flag arguments.
func (f *FlagSet) Args() []string { return f.args }

// Args returns the non-flag command-line arguments.
func Args() []string { return CommandLine.args }

// BoolVar defines a bool flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a bool variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) BoolVar(p *bool, names []string, value bool, usage string) {
	f.Var(newBoolValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// BoolVar defines a bool flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a bool variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func BoolVar(p *bool, names []string, value bool, usage string) {
	CommandLine.Var(newBoolValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Bool defines a bool flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a bool variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Bool(names []string, value bool, usage string) *bool {
	p := new(bool)
	f.BoolVar(p, names, value, usage)
	return p
}

// Bool defines a bool flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a bool variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Bool(names []string, value bool, usage string) *bool {
	return CommandLine.Bool(names, value, usage)
}

// IntVar defines an int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IntVar(p *int, names []string, value int, usage string) {
	f.Var(newIntValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// IntVar defines an int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func IntVar(p *int, names []string, value int, usage string) {
	CommandLine.Var(newIntValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Int defines an int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int(names []string, value int, usage string) *int {
	p := new(int)
	f.IntVar(p, names, value, usage)
	return p
}

// Int defines an int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Int(names []string, value int, usage string) *int {
	return CommandLine.Int(names, value, usage)
}

// Int64Var defines an int64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int64Var(p *int64, names []string, value int64, usage string) {
	f.Var(newInt64Value(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Int64Var defines an int64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Int64Var(p *int64, names []string, value int64, usage string) {
	CommandLine.Var(newInt64Value(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Int64 defines an int64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int64(names []string, value int64, usage string) *int64 {
	p := new(int64)
	f.Int64Var(p, names, value, usage)
	return p
}

// Int64 defines an int64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Int64(names []string, value int64, usage string) *int64 {
	return CommandLine.Int64(names, value, usage)
}

// UintVar defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) UintVar(p *uint, names []string, value uint, usage string) {
	f.Var(newUintValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// UintVar defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint  variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func UintVar(p *uint, names []string, value uint, usage string) {
	CommandLine.Var(newUintValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Uint defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint  variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint(names []string, value uint, usage string) *uint {
	p := new(uint)
	f.UintVar(p, names, value, usage)
	return p
}

// Uint defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint  variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Uint(names []string, value uint, usage string) *uint {
	return CommandLine.Uint(names, value, usage)
}

// Uint64Var defines a uint64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint64Var(p *uint64, names []string, value uint64, usage string) {
	f.Var(newUint64Value(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Uint64Var defines a uint64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Uint64Var(p *uint64, names []string, value uint64, usage string) {
	CommandLine.Var(newUint64Value(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Uint64 defines a uint64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint64(names []string, value uint64, usage string) *uint64 {
	p := new(uint64)
	f.Uint64Var(p, names, value, usage)
	return p
}

// Uint64 defines a uint64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Uint64(names []string, value uint64, usage string) *uint64 {
	return CommandLine.Uint64(names, value, usage)
}

// StringVar defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a string variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) StringVar(p *string, names []string, value string, usage string) {
	f.Var(newStringValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// StringVar defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a string variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func StringVar(p *string, names []string, value string, usage string) {
	CommandLine.Var(newStringValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// String defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a string variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) String(names []string, value string, usage string) *string {
	p := new(string)
	f.StringVar(p, names, value, usage)
	return p
}

// String defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a string variable that stores the value of the flag.
func String(names []string, value string, usage string) *string {
	return CommandLine.String(names, value, usage)
}

// Float64Var defines a float64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a float64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Float64Var(p *float64, names []string, value float64, usage string) {
	f.Var(newFloat64Value(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Float64Var defines a float64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a float64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Float64Var(p *float64, names []string, value float64, usage string) {
	CommandLine.Var(newFloat64Value(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Float64 defines a float64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a float64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Float64(names []string, value float64, usage string) *float64 {
	p := new(float64)
	f.Float64Var(p, names, value, usage)
	return p
}

// Float64 defines a float64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a float64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Float64(names []string, value float64, usage string) *float64 {
	return CommandLine.Float64(names, value, usage)
}

// DurationVar defines a time.Duration flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a time.Duration variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) DurationVar(p *time.Duration, names []string, value time.Duration, usage string) {
	f.Var(newDurationValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// DurationVar defines a time.Duration flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a time.Duration variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func DurationVar(p *time.Duration, names []string, value time.Duration, usage string) {
	CommandLine.Var(newDurationValue(value, p), names, usage)
}

// Duration defines a time.Duration flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a time.Duration variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Duration(names []string, value time.Duration, usage string) *time.Duration {
	p := new(time.Duration)
	f.DurationVar(p, names, value, usage)
	return p
}

// Duration defines a time.Duration flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a time.Duration variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Duration(names []string, value time.Duration, usage string) *time.Duration {
	return CommandLine.Duration(names, value, usage)
}

// Var defines a flag with the specified name and usage string. The type and
// value of the flag are represented by the first argument, of type Value, which
// typically holds a user-defined implementation of Value. For instance, the
// caller could create a flag that turns a comma-separated string into a slice
// of strings by giving the slice the methods of Value; in particular, Set would
// decompose the comma-separated string into the slice.
func (f *FlagSet) Var(value Value, names []string, usage string) {
	// Remember the default value as a string; it won't change.
	flag := &Flag{names, usage, value, value.String()}
	for _, name := range names {
		name = strings.TrimPrefix(name, "#")
		_, alreadythere := f.formal[name]
		if alreadythere {
			var msg string
			if f.name == "" {
				msg = fmt.Sprintf("flag redefined: %s", name)
			} else {
				msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s flag redefined: %s", f.name, name)
			}
			fmt.Fprintln(f.Out(), msg)
			panic(msg) // Happens only if flags are declared with identical names
		}
		if f.formal == nil {
			f.formal = make(map[string]*Flag)
		}
		f.formal[name] = flag
	}
}

// Var defines a flag with the specified name and usage string. The type and
// value of the flag are represented by the first argument, of type Value, which
// typically holds a user-defined implementation of Value. For instance, the
// caller could create a flag that turns a comma-separated string into a slice
// of strings by giving the slice the methods of Value; in particular, Set would
// decompose the comma-separated string into the slice.
func Var(value Value, names []string, usage string) {
	CommandLine.Var(value, names, usage)
}

// failf prints to standard error a formatted error and usage message and
// returns the error.
func (f *FlagSet) failf(format string, a ...interface{}) error {
	err := fmt.Errorf(format, a...)
	fmt.Fprintln(f.Out(), err)
	if os.Args[0] == f.name {
		fmt.Fprintf(f.Out(), "See '%s --help'.\n", os.Args[0])
	} else {
		fmt.Fprintf(f.Out(), "See '%s %s --help'.\n", os.Args[0], f.name)
	}
	return err
}

// usage calls the Usage method for the flag set, or the usage function if
// the flag set is CommandLine.
func (f *FlagSet) usage() {
	if f == CommandLine {
		Usage()
	} else if f.Usage == nil {
		defaultUsage(f)
	} else {
		f.Usage()
	}
}

func trimQuotes(str string) string {
	if len(str) == 0 {
		return str
	}
	type quote struct {
		start, end byte
	}

	// All valid quote types.
	quotes := []quote{
		// Double quotes
		{
			start: '"',
			end:   '"',
		},

		// Single quotes
		{
			start: '\'',
			end:   '\'',
		},
	}

	for _, quote := range quotes {
		// Only strip if outermost match.
		if str[0] == quote.start && str[len(str)-1] == quote.end {
			str = str[1 : len(str)-1]
			break
		}
	}

	return str
}

// parseOne parses one flag. It reports whether a flag was seen.
func (f *FlagSet) parseOne() (bool, string, error) {
	if len(f.args) == 0 {
		return false, "", nil
	}
	s := f.args[0]
	if len(s) == 0 || s[0] != '-' || len(s) == 1 {
		return false, "", nil
	}
	if s[1] == '-' && len(s) == 2 { // "--" terminates the flags
		f.args = f.args[1:]
		return false, "", nil
	}
	name := s[1:]
	if len(name) == 0 || name[0] == '=' {
		return false, "", f.failf("bad flag syntax: %s", s)
	}

	// it's a flag. does it have an argument?
	f.args = f.args[1:]
	has_value := false
	value := ""
	if i := strings.Index(name, "="); i != -1 {
		value = trimQuotes(name[i+1:])
		has_value = true
		name = name[:i]
	}

	m := f.formal
	flag, alreadythere := m[name] // BUG
	if !alreadythere {
		if name == "-help" || name == "help" || name == "h" { // special case for nice help message.
			f.usage()
			return false, "", ErrHelp
		}
		if len(name) > 0 && name[0] == '-' {
			return false, "", f.failf("flag provided but not defined: -%s", name)
		}
		return false, name, ErrRetry
	}
	if fv, ok := flag.Value.(boolFlag); ok && fv.IsBoolFlag() { // special case: doesn't need an arg
		if has_value {
			if err := fv.Set(value); err != nil {
				return false, "", f.failf("invalid boolean value %q for  -%s: %v", value, name, err)
			}
		} else {
			fv.Set("true")
		}
	} else {
		// It must have a value, which might be the next argument.
		if !has_value && len(f.args) > 0 {
			// value is the next arg
			has_value = true
			value, f.args = f.args[0], f.args[1:]
		}
		if !has_value {
			return false, "", f.failf("flag needs an argument: -%s", name)
		}
		if err := flag.Value.Set(value); err != nil {
			return false, "", f.failf("invalid value %q for flag -%s: %v", value, name, err)
		}
	}
	if f.actual == nil {
		f.actual = make(map[string]*Flag)
	}
	f.actual[name] = flag
	for i, n := range flag.Names {
		if n == fmt.Sprintf("#%s", name) {
			replacement := ""
			for j := i; j < len(flag.Names); j++ {
				if flag.Names[j][0] != '#' {
					replacement = flag.Names[j]
					break
				}
			}
			if replacement != "" {
				fmt.Fprintf(f.Out(), "Warning: '-%s' is deprecated, it will be replaced by '-%s' soon. See usage.\n", name, replacement)
			} else {
				fmt.Fprintf(f.Out(), "Warning: '-%s' is deprecated, it will be removed soon. See usage.\n", name)
			}
		}
	}
	return true, "", nil
}

// Parse parses flag definitions from the argument list, which should not
// include the command name.  Must be called after all flags in the FlagSet
// are defined and before flags are accessed by the program.
// The return value will be ErrHelp if -help was set but not defined.
func (f *FlagSet) Parse(arguments []string) error {
	f.parsed = true
	f.args = arguments
	for {
		seen, name, err := f.parseOne()
		if seen {
			continue
		}
		if err == nil {
			break
		}
		if err == ErrRetry {
			if len(name) > 1 {
				err = nil
				for _, letter := range strings.Split(name, "") {
					f.args = append([]string{"-" + letter}, f.args...)
					seen2, _, err2 := f.parseOne()
					if seen2 {
						continue
					}
					if err2 != nil {
						err = f.failf("flag provided but not defined: -%s", name)
						break
					}
				}
				if err == nil {
					continue
				}
			} else {
				err = f.failf("flag provided but not defined: -%s", name)
			}
		}
		switch f.errorHandling {
		case ContinueOnError:
			return err
		case ExitOnError:
			os.Exit(2)
		case PanicOnError:
			panic(err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Parsed reports whether f.Parse has been called.
func (f *FlagSet) Parsed() bool {
	return f.parsed
}

// Parse parses the command-line flags from os.Args[1:].  Must be called
// after all flags are defined and before flags are accessed by the program.
func Parse() {
	// Ignore errors; CommandLine is set for ExitOnError.
	CommandLine.Parse(os.Args[1:])
}

// Parsed returns true if the command-line flags have been parsed.
func Parsed() bool {
	return CommandLine.Parsed()
}

// CommandLine is the default set of command-line flags, parsed from os.Args.
// The top-level functions such as BoolVar, Arg, and on are wrappers for the
// methods of CommandLine.
var CommandLine = NewFlagSet(os.Args[0], ExitOnError)

// NewFlagSet returns a new, empty flag set with the specified name and
// error handling property.
func NewFlagSet(name string, errorHandling ErrorHandling) *FlagSet {
	f := &FlagSet{
		name:          name,
		errorHandling: errorHandling,
	}
	return f
}

// Init sets the name and error handling property for a flag set.
// By default, the zero FlagSet uses an empty name and the
// ContinueOnError error handling policy.
func (f *FlagSet) Init(name string, errorHandling ErrorHandling) {
	f.name = name
	f.errorHandling = errorHandling
}