evm.go

// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package vm

import (
	"context"
	"math/big"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/holiman/uint256"

	"github.com/AlayaNetwork/Alaya-Go/core/snapshotdb"

	"github.com/AlayaNetwork/Alaya-Go/x/plugin"

	"github.com/AlayaNetwork/Alaya-Go/common"
	"github.com/AlayaNetwork/Alaya-Go/crypto"
	"github.com/AlayaNetwork/Alaya-Go/params"
)

// emptyCodeHash is used by create to ensure deployment is disallowed to already
// deployed contract addresses (relevant after the account abstraction).
var emptyCodeHash = crypto.Keccak256Hash(nil)

type (
	// CanTransferFunc is the signature of a transfer guard function
	CanTransferFunc func(StateDB, common.Address, *big.Int) bool
	// TransferFunc is the signature of a transfer function
	TransferFunc func(StateDB, common.Address, common.Address, *big.Int)
	// GetHashFunc returns the n'th block hash in the blockchain
	// and is used by the BLOCKHASH EVM op code.
	GetHashFunc func(uint64) common.Hash
)

// run runs the given contract and takes care of running precompiles with a fallback to the byte code interpreter.
func run(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, input []byte, readOnly bool) ([]byte, error) {
	if contract.CodeAddr != nil {
		precompiles := PrecompiledContractsByzantium

		if p := precompiles[*contract.CodeAddr]; p != nil {
			return RunPrecompiledContract(p, input, contract)
		}

		if p := PlatONPrecompiledContracts[*contract.CodeAddr]; p != nil {
			switch p.(type) {

			case *validatorInnerContract:
				vic := &validatorInnerContract{
					Contract: contract,
					Evm:      evm,
				}
				return RunPrecompiledContract(vic, input, contract)

			case *StakingContract:
				staking := &StakingContract{
					Plugin:   plugin.StakingInstance(),
					Contract: contract,
					Evm:      evm,
				}
				return RunPlatONPrecompiledContract(staking, input, contract)
			case *RestrictingContract:
				restricting := &RestrictingContract{
					Plugin:   plugin.RestrictingInstance(),
					Contract: contract,
					Evm:      evm,
				}
				return RunPlatONPrecompiledContract(restricting, input, contract)
			case *SlashingContract:
				slashing := &SlashingContract{
					Plugin:   plugin.SlashInstance(),
					Contract: contract,
					Evm:      evm,
				}
				return RunPlatONPrecompiledContract(slashing, input, contract)
			case *GovContract:
				govContract := &GovContract{
					Plugin:   plugin.GovPluginInstance(),
					Contract: contract,
					Evm:      evm,
				}
				return RunPlatONPrecompiledContract(govContract, input, contract)
			case *DelegateRewardContract:
				delegateRewardContract := &DelegateRewardContract{
					Plugin:    plugin.RewardMgrInstance(),
					stkPlugin: plugin.StakingInstance(),
					Contract:  contract,
					Evm:       evm,
				}
				return RunPlatONPrecompiledContract(delegateRewardContract, input, contract)

			}
		}
	}
	// Don't bother with the execution if there's no code.
	if len(contract.Code) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	for _, interpreter := range evm.interpreters {
		if interpreter.CanRun(contract.Code) {
			if evm.interpreter != interpreter {
				// Ensure that the interpreter pointer is set back
				// to its current value upon return.
				defer func(i Interpreter) {
					evm.interpreter = i
				}(evm.interpreter)
				evm.interpreter = interpreter
			}
			return interpreter.Run(contract, input, readOnly)
		}
	}
	return nil, ErrNoCompatibleInterpreter
}

// Context provides the EVM with auxiliary information. Once provided
// it shouldn't be modified.
type Context struct {
	// CanTransfer returns whether the account contains
	// sufficient ether to transfer the value
	CanTransfer CanTransferFunc
	// Transfer transfers ether from one account to the other
	Transfer TransferFunc
	// GetHash returns the hash corresponding to n
	GetHash GetHashFunc

	// Message information
	Origin   common.Address // Provides information for ORIGIN
	GasPrice *big.Int       // Provides information for GASPRICE

	// Block information
	Coinbase    common.Address // Provides information for COINBASE
	GasLimit    uint64         // Provides information for GASLIMIT
	BlockNumber *big.Int       // Provides information for NUMBER
	Time        *big.Int       // Provides information for TIME
	Difficulty  *big.Int       // Provides information for DIFFICULTY  (This one must not be deleted, otherwise the solidity contract will be failed)

	BlockHash common.Hash // Only, the value will be available after the current block has been sealed.

	Ctx context.Context
}

// EVM is the Ethereum Virtual Machine base object and provides
// the necessary tools to run a contract on the given state with
// the provided context. It should be noted that any error
// generated through any of the calls should be considered a
// revert-state-and-consume-all-gas operation, no checks on
// specific errors should ever be performed. The interpreter makes
// sure that any errors generated are to be considered faulty code.
//
// The EVM should never be reused and is not thread safe.
type EVM struct {
	// Context provides auxiliary blockchain related information
	Context
	// StateDB gives access to the underlying state
	StateDB StateDB

	SnapshotDB snapshotdb.DB
	// Depth is the current call stack
	depth int

	// chainConfig contains information about the current chain
	chainConfig *params.ChainConfig
	// virtual machine configuration options used to initialise the
	// evm.
	vmConfig Config
	// global (to this context) ethereum virtual machine
	// used throughout the execution of the tx.
	interpreters []Interpreter
	interpreter  Interpreter
	// abort is used to abort the EVM calling operations
	// NOTE: must be set atomically
	abort int32
	// callGasTemp holds the gas available for the current call. This is needed because the
	// available gas is calculated in gasCall* according to the 63/64 rule and later
	// applied in opCall*.
	callGasTemp uint64
}

// NewEVM returns a new EVM. The returned EVM is not thread safe and should
// only ever be used *once*.
func NewEVM(ctx Context, snapshotDB snapshotdb.DB, statedb StateDB, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, vmConfig Config) *EVM {
	evm := &EVM{
		Context:      ctx,
		SnapshotDB:   snapshotDB,
		StateDB:      statedb,
		vmConfig:     vmConfig,
		chainConfig:  chainConfig,
		interpreters: make([]Interpreter, 0, 1),
	}

	evm.interpreters = append(evm.interpreters, NewEVMInterpreter(evm, vmConfig))
	evm.interpreters = append(evm.interpreters, NewWASMInterpreter(evm, vmConfig))
	evm.interpreter = evm.interpreters[0]
	return evm
}

func (evm *EVM) RevertToDBSnapshot(snapshotDBID, stateDBID int) {
	if evm.SnapshotDB != nil && evm.StateDB.TxHash() != common.ZeroHash {
		evm.SnapshotDB.RevertToSnapshot(evm.BlockHash, snapshotDBID)
	}
	evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(stateDBID)
}

func (evm *EVM) DBSnapshot() (snapshotID int, StateDBID int) {
	if evm.SnapshotDB != nil {
		if evm.StateDB.TxHash() == common.ZeroHash {
			return 0, evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
		}
		return evm.SnapshotDB.Snapshot(evm.BlockHash), evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
	}
	return 0, evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
}

// Cancel cancels any running EVM operation. This may be called concurrently and
// it's safe to be called multiple times.
func (evm *EVM) Cancel() {
	atomic.StoreInt32(&evm.abort, 1)
}

// Cancelled returns true if Cancel has been called
func (evm *EVM) Cancelled() bool {
	return atomic.LoadInt32(&evm.abort) == 1
}

// Interpreter returns the current interpreter
func (evm *EVM) Interpreter() Interpreter {
	return evm.interpreter
}

// Call executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input as
// parameters. It also handles any necessary value transfer required and takes
// the necessary steps to create accounts and reverses the state in case of an
// execution error or failed value transfer.
func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, gas, nil
	}

	// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, gas, ErrDepth
	}
	// Fail if we're trying to transfer more than the available balance
	if value.Sign() != 0 && !evm.Context.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
		return nil, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance
	}

	var (
		to                                        = AccountRef(addr)
		snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB = evm.DBSnapshot()
	)
	if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) {
		precompiles := PrecompiledContractsByzantium

		if precompiles[addr] == nil && !IsPlatONPrecompiledContract(addr) && value.Sign() == 0 {
			// Calling a non existing account, don't do anything, but ping the tracer
			if evm.vmConfig.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
				evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureStart(caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)
				evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, 0, 0, nil)
			}
			return nil, gas, nil
		}
		evm.StateDB.CreateAccount(addr)
	}

	evm.Transfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), to.Address(), value)

	// Initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the EVM.
	// The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context only.
	contract := NewContract(caller, to, value, gas)
	contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr))

	// Even if the account has no code, we need to continue because it might be a precompile
	// Capture the tracer start/end events in debug mode
	if evm.vmConfig.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
		evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureStart(caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)
		defer func(startGas uint64, startTime time.Time) { // Lazy evaluation of the parameters
			evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, startGas-gas, time.Since(startTime), err)
		}(gas, time.Now())
	}
	ret, err = run(evm, contract, input, false)

	// When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code
	// above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally
	// when we're in homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors.
	if err != nil {
		evm.RevertToDBSnapshot(snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}
	return ret, contract.Gas, err
}

// CallCode executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input
// as parameters. It also handles any necessary value transfer required and takes
// the necessary steps to create accounts and reverses the state in case of an
// execution error or failed value transfer.
//
// CallCode differs from Call in the sense that it executes the given address'
// code with the caller as context.
func (evm *EVM) CallCode(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, gas, nil
	}

	// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, gas, ErrDepth
	}
	// Fail if we're trying to transfer more than the available balance
	// Note although it's noop to transfer X ether to caller itself. But
	// if caller doesn't have enough balance, it would be an error to allow
	// over-charging itself. So the check here is necessary.
	if !evm.Context.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
		return nil, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance
	}

	var (
		snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB = evm.DBSnapshot()
		to                                        = AccountRef(caller.Address())
	)
	// initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the
	// EVM. The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context
	// only.
	contract := NewContract(caller, to, value, gas)
	contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr))

	ret, err = run(evm, contract, input, false)
	if err != nil {
		evm.RevertToDBSnapshot(snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}
	return ret, contract.Gas, err
}

// DelegateCall executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input
// as parameters. It reverses the state in case of an execution error.
//
// DelegateCall differs from CallCode in the sense that it executes the given address'
// code with the caller as context and the caller is set to the caller of the caller.
func (evm *EVM) DelegateCall(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, gas, nil
	}
	// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, gas, ErrDepth
	}

	var (
		snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB = evm.DBSnapshot()
		to                                        = AccountRef(caller.Address())
	)

	// Initialise a new contract and make initialise the delegate values
	contract := NewContract(caller, to, nil, gas).AsDelegate()
	contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr))

	ret, err = run(evm, contract, input, false)
	if err != nil {
		evm.RevertToDBSnapshot(snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}
	return ret, contract.Gas, err
}

// StaticCall executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input
// as parameters while disallowing any modifications to the state during the call.
// Opcodes that attempt to perform such modifications will result in exceptions
// instead of performing the modifications.
func (evm *EVM) StaticCall(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, gas, nil
	}
	// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, gas, ErrDepth
	}

	var (
		to                                        = AccountRef(addr)
		snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB = evm.DBSnapshot()
	)
	// TODO
	// We do an AddBalance of zero here, just in order to trigger a touch.
	// This doesn't matter on Mainnet, where all empties are gone at the time of Byzantium,
	// but is the correct thing to do and matters on other networks, in tests, and potential
	// future scenarios
	evm.StateDB.AddBalance(addr, big0)
	// Initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the
	// EVM. The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context
	// only.
	contract := NewContract(caller, to, new(big.Int), gas)
	contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr))

	// When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code
	// above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally
	// when we're in Homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors.
	ret, err = run(evm, contract, input, true)
	if err != nil {
		evm.RevertToDBSnapshot(snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}
	return ret, contract.Gas, err
}

type codeAndHash struct {
	code []byte
	hash common.Hash
}

func (c *codeAndHash) Hash() common.Hash {
	if c.hash == (common.Hash{}) {
		c.hash = crypto.Keccak256Hash(c.code)
	}
	return c.hash
}

// create creates a new contract using code as deployment code.
func (evm *EVM) create(caller ContractRef, codeAndHash *codeAndHash, gas uint64, value *big.Int, address common.Address) ([]byte, common.Address, uint64, error) {
	// Depth check execution. Fail if we're trying to execute above the
	// limit.
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, common.Address{}, gas, ErrDepth
	}
	if !evm.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
		return nil, common.Address{}, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance
	}
	nonce := evm.StateDB.GetNonce(caller.Address())
	evm.StateDB.SetNonce(caller.Address(), nonce+1)

	// Ensure there's no existing contract already at the designated address
	contractHash := evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(address)
	if evm.StateDB.GetNonce(address) != 0 || (contractHash != (common.Hash{}) && contractHash != emptyCodeHash) {
		return nil, common.Address{}, 0, ErrContractAddressCollision
	}
	// Create a new account on the state
	snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB := evm.DBSnapshot()
	evm.StateDB.CreateAccount(address)
	evm.StateDB.SetNonce(address, 1)
	evm.Transfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), address, value)

	// initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the
	// EVM. The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context
	// only.
	contract := NewContract(caller, AccountRef(address), value, gas)
	contract.SetCodeOptionalHash(&address, codeAndHash)
	contract.DeployContract = true

	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, address, gas, nil
	}

	if evm.vmConfig.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
		evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureStart(caller.Address(), address, true, codeAndHash.code, gas, value)
	}
	start := time.Now()

	ret, err := run(evm, contract, nil, false)

	// check whether the max code size has been exceeded
	maxCodeSizeExceeded := len(ret) > params.MaxCodeSize
	// if the contract creation ran successfully and no errors were returned
	// calculate the gas required to store the code. If the code could not
	// be stored due to not enough gas set an error and let it be handled
	// by the error checking condition below.
	if err == nil && !maxCodeSizeExceeded {
		var createDataGas uint64
		if CanUseWASMInterp(ret) {
			createDataGas = uint64(len(ret)) * params.CreateWasmDataGas
		} else {
			createDataGas = uint64(len(ret)) * params.CreateDataGas
		}

		if contract.UseGas(createDataGas) {
			evm.StateDB.SetCode(address, ret)
		} else {
			err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
		}
	}

	// When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code
	// above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally
	// when we're in homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors.
	if maxCodeSizeExceeded || (err != nil && err != ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas) {
		evm.RevertToDBSnapshot(snapshotForSnapshotDB, snapshotForStateDB)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}
	// Assign err if contract code size exceeds the max while the err is still empty.
	if maxCodeSizeExceeded && err == nil {
		err = errMaxCodeSizeExceeded
	}
	if evm.vmConfig.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
		evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, gas-contract.Gas, time.Since(start), err)
	}
	return ret, address, contract.Gas, err

}

// Create creates a new contract using code as deployment code.
func (evm *EVM) Create(caller ContractRef, code []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, contractAddr common.Address, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	contractAddr = crypto.CreateAddress(caller.Address(), evm.StateDB.GetNonce(caller.Address()))
	return evm.create(caller, &codeAndHash{code: code}, gas, value, contractAddr)
}

// Create2 creates a new contract using code as deployment code.
//
// The different between Create2 with Create is Create2 uses sha3(0xff ++ msg.sender ++ salt ++ sha3(init_code))[12:]
// instead of the usual sender-and-nonce-hash as the address where the contract is initialized at.
func (evm *EVM) Create2(caller ContractRef, code []byte, gas uint64, endowment *big.Int, salt *uint256.Int) (ret []byte, contractAddr common.Address, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	codeAndHash := &codeAndHash{code: code}
	contractAddr = crypto.CreateAddress2(caller.Address(), common.Hash(salt.Bytes32()), codeAndHash.Hash().Bytes())
	return evm.create(caller, codeAndHash, gas, endowment, contractAddr)
}

// ChainConfig returns the environment's chain configuration
func (evm *EVM) ChainConfig() *params.ChainConfig { return evm.chainConfig }

func (evm *EVM) GetStateDB() StateDB {
	return evm.StateDB
}

func (evm *EVM) GetEvm() *EVM {
	return evm
}

func (evm *EVM) GetVMConfig() Config {
	return evm.vmConfig
}