A verilog model of the 65C02 CPU. The code is rewritten from scratch.
- Assumes synchronous memory
- Uses finite state machine rather than microcode for control
- Designed for simplicity, size and speed
- Reduced cycle count eliminates all unnecessary cycles
The main design goal is to provide an easy understand implementation that has good performance
Code is far from complete. Right now it's in a 'proof of concept' stage where the address generation and ALU are done in a quick and dirty fashion to test some new ideas. Once I'm happy with the overall design, I can do some optimizations.
- cpu.v module is the top level.
Code has been tested with Verilator.
- All CMOS/NMOS 6502 instructions added (except for NOPs as undefined, Rockwell/WDC extensions)
- Model passes Klaus Dormann's test suite for 6502 (with BCD disabled)
- BCD not yet supported
- SYNC, RST supported
- IRQ, RDY, NMI not yet supported
For purpose of minimizing design and performance improvement, I did not keep the original cycle count. All of the so-called dead cycles have been removed.
| Instruction type | Cycles |
|---|---|
| Implied PHx/PLx | 2 |
| RTS | 4 |
| RTI | 5 |
| BRK | 7 |
| Other implied | 1 |
| JMP Absolute | 3 |
| JMP (Indirect) | 5 |
| JSR Absolute | 5 |
| branch | 2 |
| Immediate | 2 |
| Zero page | 3 |
| Zero page, X | 3 |
| Zero page, Y | 3 |
| Absolute | 4 |
| Absolute, X | 4 |
| Absolute, Y | 4 |
| (Zero page) | 5 |
| (Zero page), Y | 5 |
| (Zero page, X) | 5 |
Add 1 cycle for any read-modify-write. There is no extra cycle for taken branches, page overflows, or for X/Y offset calculations.
Have fun.