Reduced Jetpack connection short check from 2 minutes to 15 seconds

[paulopmt1]

Related to #90758 (comment)

Diff related: D149747-code

Proposed Changes

• We're reducing the time check for broken Jetpack connections

Why are these changes being made?

• Users are reaching HE with a broken Jetpack warning, although it's already fixed by Jetpack itself.

How to test?

• Apply this diff and follow its test steps: D149747-code

Pre-merge Checklist

• Has the general commit checklist been followed? (PCYsg-hS-p2)
• Have you written new tests for your changes?
• Have you tested the feature in Simple (P9HQHe-k8-p2), Atomic (P9HQHe-jW-p2), and self-hosted Jetpack sites (PCYsg-g6b-p2)?
• Have you checked for TypeScript, React or other console errors?
• Have you used memoizing on expensive computations? More info in Memoizing with create-selector and Using memoizing selectors and Our Approach to Data
• Have we added the "[Status] String Freeze" label as soon as any new strings were ready for translation (p4TIVU-5Jq-p2)?
• For changes affecting Jetpack: Have we added the "[Status] Needs Privacy Updates" label if this pull request changes what data or activity we track or use (p4TIVU-aUh-p2)?

[github-actions]

Calypso Live (direct link)

https://calypso.live?image=registry.a8c.com/calypso/app:build-108744

Jetpack Cloud live (direct link)

https://calypso.live?image=registry.a8c.com/calypso/app:build-108744&env=jetpack

Automattic for Agencies live (direct link)

https://calypso.live?image=registry.a8c.com/calypso/app:build-108744&env=a8c-for-agencies

[matticbot]

This PR modifies the release build for the following Calypso Apps:

For info about this notification, see here: PCYsg-OT6-p2

• wpcom-block-editor

To test WordPress.com changes, run install-plugin.sh $pluginSlug update/jetpack-connection-short-check on your sandbox.

[matticbot]

This PR does not affect the size of JS and CSS bundles shipped to the user's browser.

Generated by performance advisor bot at iscalypsofastyet.com.

[paulopmt1]

Validated here: D149747-code