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glReadPixels.xhtml
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glReadPixels.xhtml
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<div class="refentry" id="glReadPixels">
<div class="titlepage"></div>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>Name</h2>
<p>glReadPixels, glReadnPixels — read a block of pixels from the frame buffer</p>
</div>
<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
<h2>C Specification</h2>
<div class="funcsynopsis">
<table style="border: 0; cellspacing: 0; cellpadding: 0;" class="funcprototype-table">
<tr>
<td>
<code class="funcdef">void <strong class="fsfunc">glReadPixels</strong>(</code>
</td>
<td>GLint <var class="pdparam">x</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLint <var class="pdparam">y</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLsizei <var class="pdparam">width</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLsizei <var class="pdparam">height</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLenum <var class="pdparam">format</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLenum <var class="pdparam">type</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLvoid * <var class="pdparam">data</var><code>)</code>;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="funcprototype-spacer"> </div>
<table style="border: 0; cellspacing: 0; cellpadding: 0;" class="funcprototype-table">
<tr>
<td>
<code class="funcdef">void <strong class="fsfunc">glReadnPixels</strong>(</code>
</td>
<td>GLint <var class="pdparam">x</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLint <var class="pdparam">y</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLsizei <var class="pdparam">width</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLsizei <var class="pdparam">height</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLenum <var class="pdparam">format</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLenum <var class="pdparam">type</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>GLsizei <var class="pdparam">bufSize</var>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>void *<var class="pdparam">data</var><code>)</code>;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="funcprototype-spacer"> </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" id="parameters">
<h2>Parameters</h2>
<div class="variablelist">
<dl class="variablelist">
<dt>
<span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>x</code></em>, </span>
<span class="term">
<em class="parameter">
<code>y</code>
</em>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the window coordinates of the first pixel that is read
from the frame buffer. This location is the lower left corner of a
rectangular block of pixels.</p>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>width</code></em>, </span>
<span class="term">
<em class="parameter">
<code>height</code>
</em>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the dimensions of the pixel rectangle.
<em class="parameter"><code>width</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>height</code></em> of
one correspond to a single pixel.</p>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term">
<em class="parameter">
<code>format</code>
</em>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies the format of the pixel data. The following symbolic
values are accepted: <code class="constant">GL_STENCIL_INDEX</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_DEPTH_STENCIL</code>, <code class="constant">GL_RED</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_GREEN</code>, <code class="constant">GL_BLUE</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_RGB</code>, <code class="constant">GL_BGR</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_RGBA</code>, and
<code class="constant">GL_BGRA</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term">
<em class="parameter">
<code>type</code>
</em>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies the data type of the pixel data. Must be one of
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE</code>, <code class="constant">GL_BYTE</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_SHORT</code>, <code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_INT</code>, <code class="constant">GL_HALF_FLOAT</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_FLOAT</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_2_3_3_REV</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4_REV</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10_10_10_2</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV</code>, or
<code class="constant">GL_FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term">
<em class="parameter">
<code>bufSize</code>
</em>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies the size of the buffer <em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
for <code class="function">glReadnPixels</code> function.</p>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term">
<em class="parameter">
<code>data</code>
</em>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>Returns the pixel data.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" id="description">
<h2>Description</h2>
<p><code class="function">glReadPixels</code> and
<code class="function">glReadnPixels</code> return pixel data from the frame
buffer, starting with the pixel whose lower left corner is at location
(<em class="parameter"><code>x</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>y</code></em>), into client memory
starting at location <em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>. Several parameters
control the processing of the pixel data before it is placed into client
memory. These parameters are set with <a class="citerefentry" href="glPixelStore"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glPixelStore</span></span></a>. This reference page describes the effects on
<code class="function">glReadPixels</code> and <code class="function">glReadnPixels</code>
of most, but not all of the parameters specified by these three
commands.</p>
<p>If a non-zero named buffer object is bound to the
<code class="constant">GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER</code> target (see <a class="citerefentry" href="glBindBuffer"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glBindBuffer</span></span></a>) while a block of pixels is requested,
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em> is treated as a byte offset into the buffer
object's data store rather than a pointer to client memory.</p>
<p><code class="function">glReadPixels</code> and
<code class="function">glReadnPixels</code> return values from each pixel with
lower left corner at <math overflow="scroll">
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="italic">x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="italic">y</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">j</mi>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
</math>
for
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo><=</mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">i</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">width</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
and
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo><=</mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">j</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">height</mi>
</mrow>
</math>.
This pixel is said to be the
<math overflow="scroll"><mi mathvariant="italic">i</mi></math>th
pixel in the
<math overflow="scroll"><mi mathvariant="italic">j</mi></math>th
row.
Pixels are returned in row order from the lowest to the highest row,
left to right in each row.
</p>
<p>
<em class="parameter"><code>format</code></em> specifies the format for the returned pixel values;
accepted values are:
</p>
<div class="variablelist">
<dl class="variablelist">
<dt>
<span class="term">
<code class="constant">GL_STENCIL_INDEX</code>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Stencil values are read from the stencil buffer.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term">
<code class="constant">GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT</code>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Depth values are read from the depth buffer.
Each component is converted to floating point such that the minimum depth
value maps to 0 and the maximum value maps to 1.
Each component is clamped to the range
<math overflow="scroll">
<mfenced open="[" close="]">
<mn>0</mn>
<mn>1</mn>
</mfenced>
</math>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term">
<code class="constant">GL_DEPTH_STENCIL</code>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Values are taken from both the depth and stencil buffers. The <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> parameter
must be <code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8</code> or <code class="constant">GL_FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term"><code class="constant">GL_RED</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_GREEN</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_BLUE</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_RGB</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_BGR</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_RGBA</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_BGRA</code></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>Color values are taken from the color buffer.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p>
Finally, the indices or components
are converted to the proper format,
as specified by <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>.
If <em class="parameter"><code>format</code></em> is <code class="constant">GL_STENCIL_INDEX</code>
and <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is not <code class="constant">GL_FLOAT</code>,
each index is masked with the mask value given in the following table.
If <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is <code class="constant">GL_FLOAT</code>, then each integer index is converted to
single-precision floating-point format.
</p>
<p>
If <em class="parameter"><code>format</code></em> is
<code class="constant">GL_RED</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_GREEN</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_BLUE</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_RGB</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_BGR</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_RGBA</code>, or
<code class="constant">GL_BGRA</code> and <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is not <code class="constant">GL_FLOAT</code>,
each component is multiplied by the multiplier shown in the following table.
If type is <code class="constant">GL_FLOAT</code>, then each component is passed as is
(or converted to the client's single-precision floating-point format if
it is different from the one used by the GL).
</p>
<p>
</p>
<div class="informaltable">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; border-left: 2px solid ; border-right: 2px solid ; ">
<colgroup>
<col style="text-align: left; "/>
<col style="text-align: center; "/>
<col style="text-align: center; "/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
</th>
<th style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<span class="bold"><strong> Index Mask </strong></span>
</th>
<th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<span class="bold"><strong> Component Conversion </strong></span>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>8</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>8</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_BYTE</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>7</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mfrac>
<mfenced open="" close="">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>8</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>16</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>16</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_SHORT</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>15</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mfrac>
<mfenced open="" close="">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>16</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>32</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>32</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_INT</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>31</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mfrac>
<mfenced open="" close="">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>32</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_HALF_FLOAT</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
none
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll"><mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi></math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_FLOAT</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
none
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll"><mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi></math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_2_3_3_REV</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4_REV</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10_10_10_2</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mfenced open="(" close=")">
<mrow>
<msup><mn>2</mn>
<mn>N</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfenced>
<mo></mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border-right: 2px solid ; border-bottom: 2px solid ; ">
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>