dwm.c

/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
 *
 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
 * events about window (dis-)appearance. Only one X connection at a time is
 * allowed to select for this event mask.
 *
 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
 * in O(1) time.
 *
 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
 * set the override_redirect flag. Clients are organized in a linked client
 * list on each monitor, the focus history is remembered through a stack list
 * on each monitor. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
 * client.
 *
 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
 *
 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
 */
#include <X11/Xatom.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xproto.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
#include <X11/keysym.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#ifdef XINERAMA
#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
#endif /* XINERAMA */
#include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>

#include "drw.h"
#include "util.h"

/* macros */
#define BUTTONMASK (ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
#define CLEANMASK(mask)                                                        \
  (mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask) &                                          \
   (ShiftMask | ControlMask | Mod1Mask | Mod2Mask | Mod3Mask | Mod4Mask |      \
    Mod5Mask))
#define INTERSECT(x, y, w, h, m)                                               \
  (MAX(0, MIN((x) + (w), (m)->wx + (m)->ww) - MAX((x), (m)->wx)) *             \
   MAX(0, MIN((y) + (h), (m)->wy + (m)->wh) - MAX((y), (m)->wy)))
#define ISVISIBLE(C) ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
#define HIDDEN(C) ((getstate(C->win) == IconicState))
#define LENGTH(X) (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
#define MOUSEMASK (BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)
#define WIDTH(X) ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
#define HEIGHT(X) ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
#define TAGMASK ((1 << LENGTH(tags)) - 1)
#define TEXTW(X) (drw_fontset_getwidth(drw, (X)) + lrpad)

#define OPAQUE 0xffU

#define SYSTEM_TRAY_REQUEST_DOCK 0
#define _NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_ORIENTATION_HORZ 0

/* XEMBED messages */
#define XEMBED_EMBEDDED_NOTIFY 0
#define XEMBED_WINDOW_ACTIVATE 1
#define XEMBED_FOCUS_IN 4
#define XEMBED_MODALITY_ON 10

#define XEMBED_MAPPED (1 << 0)
#define XEMBED_WINDOW_ACTIVATE 1
#define XEMBED_WINDOW_DEACTIVATE 2

#define VERSION_MAJOR 0
#define VERSION_MINOR 0
#define XEMBED_EMBEDDED_VERSION (VERSION_MAJOR << 16) | VERSION_MINOR

#define OPAQUE 0xffU

/* enums */
enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast }; /* cursor */
enum {
  SchemeNorm,
  SchemeSel,
  SchemeHid,
  SchemeHost,
  SchemeTagNorm,
  SchemeTagSel,
  SchemeSystray,
  SchemeLayout,
  SchemeEmpty,
}; /* color schemes */
enum {
  NetSupported,
  NetWMName,
  NetWMState,
  NetWMCheck,
  NetSystemTray,
  NetSystemTrayOP,
  NetSystemTrayOrientation,
  NetSystemTrayOrientationHorz,
  NetSystemTrayVisual,
  NetWMFullscreen,
  NetActiveWindow,
  NetWMWindowType,
  NetWMWindowTypeDock,
  NetWMWindowTypeDialog,
  NetClientList,
  NetLast
};
/* EWMH atoms */
enum { Manager, Xembed, XembedInfo, XLast }; /* Xembed atoms */
enum {
  WMProtocols,
  WMDelete,
  WMState,
  WMTakeFocus,
  WMLast
}; /* default atoms */
enum {
  ClkHost,
  ClkTagBar,
  ClkLtSymbol,
  ClkStatusText,
  ClkWinTitle,
  ClkClientWin,
  ClkRootWin,
  ClkLast
}; /* clicks */

typedef union {
  int i;
  unsigned int ui;
  float f;
  const void *v;
} Arg;

typedef struct {
  unsigned int click;
  unsigned int mask;
  unsigned int button;
  void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  const Arg arg;
} Button;

typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
typedef struct Client Client;
struct Client {
  char name[256];
  char class[256];
  float mina, maxa;
  float cfact;
  int x, y, w, h;
  int oldx, oldy, oldw, oldh;
  int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh, hintsvalid;
  int bw, oldbw;
  unsigned int tags;
  int isfixed, isfloating, isurgent, neverfocus, oldstate, isfullscreen;
  Client *next;
  Client *snext;
  Monitor *mon;
  Window win;
};

typedef struct {
  unsigned int mod;
  KeySym keysym;
  void (*func)(const Arg *);
  const Arg arg;
} Key;

typedef struct {
  const char *symbol;
  void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
} Layout;

typedef struct Pertag Pertag;
struct Monitor {
  char ltsymbol[16];
  float mfact;
  int nmaster;
  int num;
  int by;             /* bar geometry */
  int btw;            /* width of tasks portion of bar */
  int bt;             /* number of tasks */
  int tw;             /* width of task */
  int mx, my, mw, mh; /* screen size */
  int wx, wy, ww, wh; /* window area  */
  int gappih;         /* horizontal gap between windows */
  int gappiv;         /* vertical gap between windows */
  int gappoh;         /* horizontal outer gaps */
  int gappov;         /* vertical outer gaps */
  unsigned int seltags;
  unsigned int sellt;
  unsigned int tagset[2];
  int showbar;
  int topbar;
  int hidsel;
  Client *clients;
  Client *sel;
  Client *stack;
  Monitor *next;
  Window barwin;
  const Layout *lt[2];
  Pertag *pertag;
};

typedef struct {
  const char *class;
  const char *title;
  const char *icon;
} TaskIcon;

typedef struct {
  const char *class;
  const char *instance;
  const char *title;
  unsigned int tags;
  int isfloating;
  int monitor;
} Rule;

typedef struct Systray Systray;
struct Systray {
  Window win;
  Client *icons;
};

typedef struct {
  const char *cmd;
  int id;
} StatusCmd;

/* function declarations */
static void applyrules(Client *c);
static int applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h,
                          int interact);
static void arrange(Monitor *m);
static void arrangemon(Monitor *m);
static void attach(Client *c);
static void attachbottom(Client *c);
static void attachstack(Client *c);
static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
static void checkotherwm(void);
static void cleanup(void);
static void cleanupmon(Monitor *mon);
static void clientmessage(XEvent *e);
static void configure(Client *c);
static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
static Monitor *createmon(void);
static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
static void detach(Client *c);
static void detachstack(Client *c);
static Monitor *dirtomon(int dir);
static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
static void wrapclienttitle(char *class, char *name, char *title);
static void drawbars(void);
static int drawstatusbar(Monitor *m, int bh, char *text);
//  static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
static void expose(XEvent *e);
static void focus(Client *c);
static void focusin(XEvent *e);
static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
static void focusstackvis(const Arg *arg);
static void focusstackhid(const Arg *arg);
static void focusstack(int inc, int vis);
static Atom getatomprop(Client *c, Atom prop);
static int getrootptr(int *x, int *y);
static long getstate(Window w);
static int gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
static unsigned int getsystraywidth();
static void grabbuttons(Client *c, int focused);
static void grabkeys(void);
static void hide(const Arg *arg);
static void hidewin(Client *c);
static void incnmaster(const Arg *arg);
static void keypress(XEvent *e);
static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
static void layoutmenu(const Arg *arg);
static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
static void monocle(Monitor *m);
static void motionnotify(XEvent *e);
static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
static void pop(Client *);
static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
static void quit(const Arg *arg);
static Monitor *recttomon(int x, int y, int w, int h);
static void removesystrayicon(Client *i);
static void resizerequest(XEvent *e);
static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, int interact);
static void resizebarwin(Monitor *m);
static void resizeclient(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
static void restack(Monitor *m);
static void run(void);
static void runautostart(void);
static void scan(void);
static int sendevent(Window w, Atom proto, int m, long d0, long d1, long d2, long d3, long d4);
static void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m);
static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
static void setfocus(Client *c);
static void setfullscreen(Client *c, int fullscreen);
static void fullscreen(const Arg *arg);
static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
static void setcfact(const Arg *arg);
static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
static void setup(void);
static void seturgent(Client *c, int urg);
static void show(const Arg *arg);
static void showall(const Arg *arg);
static void showwin(Client *c);
static void showhide(Client *c);
static void sigchld(int unused);
static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
static Monitor *systraytomon(Monitor *m);
static void tag(const Arg *arg);
static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
static void togglewin(const Arg *arg);
static void unfocus(Client *c, int setfocus);
static void unmanage(Client *c, int destroyed);
static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
static void updatebars(void);
static void updateclientlist(void);
static int updategeom(void);
static void updatenumlockmask(void);
static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
static void updatestatus(void);
static void updatesystray(int updatebar);
static void updatesystrayicongeom(Client *i, int w, int h);
static void updatesystrayiconstate(Client *i, XPropertyEvent *ev);
static void updatetitle(Client *c);
static void updatewindowtype(Client *c);
static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
static void view(const Arg *arg);
static Client *wintoclient(Window w);
static Monitor *wintomon(Window w);
static Client *wintosystrayicon(Window w);
static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
static void xinitvisual();
static void zoom(const Arg *arg);

/* variables */
static const char autostartblocksh[] = "autostart_blocking.sh";
static const char autostartsh[] = "autostart.sh";
static const char broken[] = "broken";
static const char dwmdir[] = "dwm";
static const char localshare[] = ".local/share";
static char stext[1024];
static int statusw;
static int statuscmdn;
static char lastbutton[] = "-";
static int screen;
static int sw, sh;      /* X display screen geometry width, height */
static int bh, blw = 0; /* bar geometry */
static int lrpad;       /* sum of left and right padding for text */
static int vp;          /* vertical padding for bar */
static int sp;          /* side padding for bar */
static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
static void (*handler[LASTEvent])(XEvent *) = {
    [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
    [ClientMessage] = clientmessage,
    [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
    [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
    [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
    //  [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
    [Expose] = expose,
    [FocusIn] = focusin,
    [KeyPress] = keypress,
    [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
    [MapRequest] = maprequest,
    [MotionNotify] = motionnotify,
    [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
    [ResizeRequest] = resizerequest,
    [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify};
static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast], xatom[XLast];
static int running = 1;
static Cur *cursor[CurLast];
static Clr **scheme;
static Display *dpy;
static Drw *drw;
static Monitor *mons, *selmon;
static Window root, wmcheckwin;

static Systray *systray = NULL;

static int useargb = 0;
static Visual *visual;
static int depth;
static Colormap cmap;

/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
#include "config.h"

struct Pertag {
  unsigned int curtag, prevtag;          /* current and previous tag */
  int nmasters[LENGTH(tags) + 1];        /* number of windows in master area */
  float mfacts[LENGTH(tags) + 1];        /* mfacts per tag */
  unsigned int sellts[LENGTH(tags) + 1]; /* selected layouts */
  const Layout
      *ltidxs[LENGTH(tags) + 1][2];    /* matrix of tags and layouts indexes  */
  int showbars[LENGTH(tags) + 1];      /* display bar for the current tag */
  int showextrabars[LENGTH(tags) + 1]; /* display bar for the current tag */
};

/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
struct NumTags {
  char limitexceeded[LENGTH(tags) > 31 ? -1 : 1];
};

/* function implementations */
void applyrules(Client *c) {
  const char *class, *instance;
  unsigned int i;
  const Rule *r;
  Monitor *m;
  XClassHint ch = {NULL, NULL};

  /* rule matching */
  c->isfloating = 0;
  c->tags = 0;
  XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
  class = ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : broken;
  instance = ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : broken;

  strcpy(c->class, class);

  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
    r = &rules[i];
    if ((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title)) &&
        (!r->class || strstr(class, r->class)) &&
        (!r->instance || strstr(instance, r->instance))) {
      c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
      c->tags |= r->tags;
      for (m = mons; m && m->num != r->monitor; m = m->next);
      if (m)
        c->mon = m;
    }
  }
  if (ch.res_class)
    XFree(ch.res_class);
  if (ch.res_name)
    XFree(ch.res_name);
  c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
}

int applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h, int interact) {
  int baseismin;
  Monitor *m = c->mon;

  /* set minimum possible */
  *w = MAX(1, *w);
  *h = MAX(1, *h);
  if (interact) {
    if (*x > sw)
      *x = sw - WIDTH(c);
    if (*y > sh)
      *y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
    if (*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < 0)
      *x = 0;
    if (*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < 0)
      *y = 0;
  } else {
    if (*x >= m->wx + m->ww)
      *x = m->wx + m->ww - WIDTH(c);
    if (*y >= m->wy + m->wh)
      *y = m->wy + m->wh - HEIGHT(c);
    if (*x + *w + 2 * c->bw <= m->wx)
      *x = m->wx;
    if (*y + *h + 2 * c->bw <= m->wy)
      *y = m->wy;
  }
  if (*h < bh)
    *h = bh;
  if (*w < bh)
    *w = bh;
  if (resizehints || c->isfloating || !c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange) {
    if (!c->hintsvalid)
      updatesizehints(c);
    /* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
    baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
    if (!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
      *w -= c->basew;
      *h -= c->baseh;
    }
    /* adjust for aspect limits */
    if (c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
      if (c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
        *w = *h * c->maxa + 0.5;
      else if (c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
        *h = *w * c->mina + 0.5;
    }
    if (baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
      *w -= c->basew;
      *h -= c->baseh;
    }
    /* adjust for increment value */
    if (c->incw)
      *w -= *w % c->incw;
    if (c->inch)
      *h -= *h % c->inch;
    /* restore base dimensions */
    *w = MAX(*w + c->basew, c->minw);
    *h = MAX(*h + c->baseh, c->minh);
    if (c->maxw)
      *w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
    if (c->maxh)
      *h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
  }
  return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
}

void arrange(Monitor *m) {
  if (m)
    showhide(m->stack);
  else
    for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
      showhide(m->stack);
  if (m) {
    arrangemon(m);
    restack(m);
  } else
    for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
      arrangemon(m);
}

void arrangemon(Monitor *m) {
  strncpy(m->ltsymbol, m->lt[m->sellt]->symbol, sizeof m->ltsymbol);
  if (m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
    m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
}

void attach(Client *c) {
  c->next = c->mon->clients;
  c->mon->clients = c;
}

void attachbottom(Client *c) {
  Client **tc;
  c->next = NULL;
  for (tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc; tc = &(*tc)->next);
  *tc = c;
}

void attachstack(Client *c) {
  c->snext = c->mon->stack;
  c->mon->stack = c;
}

void buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
  unsigned int i, x, stw, tstart, tend, click;
  Arg arg = {0};
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;
  XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;

  click = ClkRootWin;
  /* focus monitor if necessary */
  if ((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
    unfocus(selmon->sel, 1);
    selmon = m;
    focus(NULL);
  }

  stw = getsystraywidth();

  tstart = selmon->ww - stw - statusw - m->btw;
  if (tabcenter) 
    tstart += (m->btw - m->tw * m->bt) / 2;
  tend = tstart + m->tw * m->bt;

  if (ev->window == selmon->barwin) {
    i = x = 0;
    x += TEXTW(host);
    unsigned int occ = 0;
    for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
      occ |= c->tags;
    do {
      /* Do not reserve space for vacant tags */
      if (!(occ & 1 << i || m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i))
        continue;
      x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
    } while (ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
    if (ev->x <= TEXTW(host)) {
      click = ClkHost;
    }else if (i < LENGTH(tags)) {
      click = ClkTagBar;
      arg.ui = 1 << i;
    } else if (ev->x < x + blw)
      click = ClkLtSymbol;
    /* 2px right padding */
    else if (ev->x > selmon->ww - statusw - stw) {
      char *text, *s, ch;
      *lastbutton = '0' + ev->button;

      x = selmon->ww - statusw - stw;
      click = ClkStatusText;

      statuscmdn = 0;
      int isCode = 0;
      for (text = s = stext; *s && x <= ev->x; s++) {
        // status2d text width
        if ((unsigned char)(*s) == '^') {
          if (!isCode) {
            ch = *s;
            *s = '\0';
            if (strlen(text) > 0) {
              x += TEXTW(text);
            }
            *s = ch;
            if (x >= ev->x)
              break;
          }
          text = s + 1;
          isCode = !isCode;
        }
        // statuscmd text width
        if ((unsigned char)(*s) < ' ') {
          ch = *s;
          *s = '\0';
          if (strlen(text) > 0) {
            x += TEXTW(text);
          }
          *s = ch;
          text = s + 1;
          if (x >= ev->x)
            break;
          statuscmdn = ch;
        }
      }
    } else if (ev->x > tstart && ev->x < tend ) { // tasks click event
      // x += blw;
      x = tstart;
      c = m->clients;

      if (c) {
        do {
          if (!ISVISIBLE(c))
            continue;
          else
            // x += (1.0 / (double)m->bt) * m->btw;
            x += m->tw;
        } while (ev->x > x && (c = c->next));

        click = ClkWinTitle;
        arg.v = c;
      }
    }
  } else if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
    focus(c);
    restack(selmon);
    XAllowEvents(dpy, ReplayPointer, CurrentTime);
    click = ClkClientWin;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
    if (click == buttons[i].click &&
      buttons[i].func &&
      buttons[i].button == ev->button &&
      CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
      buttons[i].func((click == ClkTagBar || click == ClkWinTitle) &&
      buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
}

void checkotherwm(void) {
  xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
  /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
  XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
  XSync(dpy, False);
  XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
  XSync(dpy, False);
}

void cleanup(void) {
  Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
  Layout foo = {"", NULL};
  Monitor *m;
  size_t i;

  view(&a);
  selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    while (m->stack)
      unmanage(m->stack, 0);
  XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
  while (mons)
    cleanupmon(mons);

  if (showsystray) {
    while (systray->icons)
      removesystrayicon(systray->icons);
    XUnmapWindow(dpy, systray->win);
    XDestroyWindow(dpy, systray->win);
    free(systray);
  }

  for (i = 0; i < CurLast; i++)
    drw_cur_free(drw, cursor[i]);
  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(colors) + 1; i++)
    free(scheme[i]);
  free(scheme);
  XDestroyWindow(dpy, wmcheckwin);
  drw_free(drw);
  XSync(dpy, False);
  XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
  XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow]);
}

void cleanupmon(Monitor *mon) {
  Monitor *m;

  if (mon == mons)
    mons = mons->next;
  else {
    for (m = mons; m && m->next != mon; m = m->next);
    m->next = mon->next;
  }
  XUnmapWindow(dpy, mon->barwin);
  XDestroyWindow(dpy, mon->barwin);
  free(mon);
}

void clientmessage(XEvent *e) {
  XWindowAttributes wa;
  XSetWindowAttributes swa;
  XClientMessageEvent *cme = &e->xclient;
  Client *c = wintoclient(cme->window);
  XClassHint ch = {"Systray", "systray"};

  if (showsystray && cme->window == systray->win &&
      cme->message_type == netatom[NetSystemTrayOP]) {
    /* add systray icons */
    if (cme->data.l[1] == SYSTEM_TRAY_REQUEST_DOCK) {
      if (!(c = (Client *)calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
        die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
      if (!(c->win = cme->data.l[2])) {
        free(c);
        return;
      }

      c->mon = selmon;
      c->next = systray->icons;
      systray->icons = c;
      XSetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
      XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, c->win, &wa);
      c->x = c->oldx = c->y = c->oldy = 0;
      c->w = c->oldw = wa.width;
      c->h = c->oldh = wa.height;
      c->oldbw = wa.border_width;
      c->bw = 0;
      c->isfloating = True;
      /* reuse tags field as mapped status */
      c->tags = 1;
      updatesizehints(c);
      updatesystrayicongeom(c, wa.width, wa.height);
      XAddToSaveSet(dpy, c->win);
      XSelectInput(dpy, c->win,
                   StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask |
                       ResizeRedirectMask);
      XReparentWindow(dpy, c->win, systray->win, 0, 0);
      /* use parents background color */
      swa.background_pixel = scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBg].pixel;
      XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, c->win, CWBackPixel, &swa);
      sendevent(c->win, netatom[Xembed], StructureNotifyMask, CurrentTime,
                XEMBED_EMBEDDED_NOTIFY, 0, systray->win,
                XEMBED_EMBEDDED_VERSION);
      XSync(dpy, False);
      setclientstate(c, NormalState);
      updatesystray(1);
    }
    return;
  }

  if (!c)
    return;
  if (cme->message_type == netatom[NetWMState]) {
    if (cme->data.l[1] == netatom[NetWMFullscreen] ||
        cme->data.l[2] == netatom[NetWMFullscreen])
      setfullscreen(c, (cme->data.l[0] == 1 /* _NET_WM_STATE_ADD    */
                        || (cme->data.l[0] == 2 /* _NET_WM_STATE_TOGGLE */ &&
                            !c->isfullscreen)));
  } else if (cme->message_type == netatom[NetActiveWindow]) {
    if (c != selmon->sel && !c->isurgent)
      seturgent(c, 1);
  }
}

void configure(Client *c) {
  XConfigureEvent ce;

  ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
  ce.display = dpy;
  ce.event = c->win;
  ce.window = c->win;
  ce.x = c->x;
  ce.y = c->y;
  ce.width = c->w;
  ce.height = c->h;
  ce.border_width = c->bw;
  ce.above = None;
  ce.override_redirect = False;
  XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
}

void configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
  Monitor *m;
  Client *c;
  XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
  int dirty;

  /* TODO: updategeom handling sucks, needs to be simplified */
  if (ev->window == root) {
    dirty = (sw != ev->width || sh != ev->height);
    sw = ev->width;
    sh = ev->height;
    if (updategeom() || dirty) {
      drw_resize(drw, sw, bh);
      updatebars();
      for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
        for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
          if (c->isfullscreen)
            resizeclient(c, m->mx, m->my, m->mw, m->mh);
        resizebarwin(m);
      }
      focus(NULL);
      arrange(NULL);
    }
  }
}

void configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;
  XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
  XWindowChanges wc;

  if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
    if (ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
      c->bw = ev->border_width;
    else if (c->isfloating || !selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
      m = c->mon;
      if (ev->value_mask & CWX) {
        c->oldx = c->x;
        c->x = m->mx + ev->x;
      }
      if (ev->value_mask & CWY) {
        c->oldy = c->y;
        c->y = m->my + ev->y;
      }
      if (ev->value_mask & CWWidth) {
        c->oldw = c->w;
        c->w = ev->width;
      }
      if (ev->value_mask & CWHeight) {
        c->oldh = c->h;
        c->h = ev->height;
      }
      if ((c->x + c->w) > m->mx + m->mw && c->isfloating)
        c->x = m->mx + (m->mw / 2 - WIDTH(c) / 2); /* center in x direction */
      if ((c->y + c->h) > m->my + m->mh && c->isfloating)
        c->y = m->my + (m->mh / 2 - HEIGHT(c) / 2); /* center in y direction */
      if ((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY)) &&
          !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
        configure(c);
      if (ISVISIBLE(c))
        XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
    } else
      configure(c);
  } else {
    wc.x = ev->x;
    wc.y = ev->y;
    wc.width = ev->width;
    wc.height = ev->height;
    wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
    wc.sibling = ev->above;
    wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
    XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
  }
  XSync(dpy, False);
}

Monitor *createmon(void) {
  Monitor *m;
  unsigned int i;

  m = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Monitor));
  m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
  m->mfact = mfact;
  m->nmaster = nmaster;
  m->showbar = showbar;
  m->topbar = topbar;
  m->gappih = gappih;
  m->gappiv = gappiv;
  m->gappoh = gappoh;
  m->gappov = gappov;
  m->lt[0] = &layouts[0];
  m->lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
  strncpy(m->ltsymbol, layouts[0].symbol, sizeof m->ltsymbol);
  m->pertag = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Pertag));
  m->pertag->curtag = m->pertag->prevtag = 1;

  for (i = 0; i <= LENGTH(tags); i++) {
    m->pertag->nmasters[i] = m->nmaster;
    m->pertag->mfacts[i] = m->mfact;

    m->pertag->ltidxs[i][0] = m->lt[0];
    m->pertag->ltidxs[i][1] = m->lt[1];
    m->pertag->sellts[i] = m->sellt;

    m->pertag->showbars[i] = m->showbar;
  }

  return m;
}

void destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
  Client *c;
  XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;

  if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
    unmanage(c, 1);
  else if (showsystray && (c = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
    removesystrayicon(c);
    updatesystray(1);
  }
  if (selmon->sel && !selmon->sel->neverfocus)
    setfocus(selmon->sel);
}

void detach(Client *c) {
  Client **tc;

  for (tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next)
    ;
  *tc = c->next;
}

void detachstack(Client *c) {
  Client **tc, *t;

  for (tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext)
    ;
  *tc = c->snext;

  if (c == c->mon->sel) {
    for (t = c->mon->stack; t && !ISVISIBLE(t); t = t->snext)
      ;
    c->mon->sel = t;
  }
}

Monitor *dirtomon(int dir) {
  Monitor *m = NULL;

  if (dir > 0) {
    if (!(m = selmon->next))
      m = mons;
  } else if (selmon == mons)
    for (m = mons; m->next; m = m->next)
      ;
  else
    for (m = mons; m->next != selmon; m = m->next)
      ;
  return m;
}

int drawstatusbar(Monitor *m, int bh, char *stext) {
  int ret, i, j, w, x, len;
  short isCode = 0;
  char *text;
  char *p;

  len = strlen(stext) + 1;
  if (!(text = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * len)))
    die("malloc");
  p = text;

  i = -1, j = 0;
  while (stext[++i])
    if ((unsigned char)stext[i] >= ' ')
      text[j++] = stext[i];
  text[j] = '\0';

  /* compute width of the status text */
  w = 0;
  i = -1;
  while (text[++i]) {
    if (text[i] == '^') {
      if (!isCode) {
        isCode = 1;
        text[i] = '\0';
        if (strlen(text) > 0) {
          w += TEXTW(text);
        }
        text[i] = '^';
        if (text[++i] == 'f')
          w += atoi(text + ++i);
      } else {
        isCode = 0;
        text = text + i + 1;
        i = -1;
      }
    }
  }
  if (!isCode)
    w += TEXTW(text);
  else
    isCode = 0;
  text = p;

  ret = m->ww - w - 2 * sp;
  x = m->ww - w - getsystraywidth() - 2 * sp;

  drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[LENGTH(colors)]);
  drw->scheme[ColFg] = scheme[SchemeEmpty][ColFg];
  drw->scheme[ColBg] = scheme[SchemeEmpty][ColBg];
  drw_rect(drw, x, 0, w + getsystraywidth(), bh, 1, 1);

  /* process status text */
  i = -1;
  while (text[++i]) {
    if (text[i] == '^' && !isCode) {
      isCode = 1;

      text[i] = '\0';
      if (strlen(text) > 0) {
        w = TEXTW(text);
        if (statusradius)
          drw_tab(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad/2, 0, text, 0);
        else
          drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad/2, text, 0);
        x += w;
      }

      /* process code */
      while (text[++i] != '^') {
        if (text[i] == 'c') {
          char buf[8];
          memcpy(buf, (char *)text + i + 1, 7);
          buf[7] = '\0';
          drw_clr_create(drw, &drw->scheme[ColFg], buf, alphas[SchemeNorm][0]);
          i += 7;
        } else if (text[i] == 'b') {
          char buf[8];
          memcpy(buf, (char *)text + i + 1, 7);
          buf[7] = '\0';
          drw_clr_create(drw, &drw->scheme[ColBg], buf, alphas[SchemeNorm][1]);
          i += 7;
        } else if (text[i] == 'd') {
          drw->scheme[ColFg] = scheme[SchemeNorm][ColFg];
          drw->scheme[ColBg] = scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBg];
        } else if (text[i] == 'r') {
          int rx = atoi(text + ++i);
          while (text[++i] != ',')
            ;
          int ry = atoi(text + ++i);
          while (text[++i] != ',')
            ;
          int rw = atoi(text + ++i);
          while (text[++i] != ',')
            ;
          int rh = atoi(text + ++i);

          drw_rect(drw, rx + x, ry, rw, rh, 1, 0);
        } else if (text[i] == 'f') {
          x += atoi(text + ++i);
        }
      }

      text = text + i + 1;
      i = -1;
      isCode = 0;
    }
  }

  if (!isCode) {
    w = TEXTW(text);
    if (statusradius)
      drw_tab(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad/2, 0, text, 0);
    else
      drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad/2, text, 0);
  }

  drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeNorm]);
  free(p);

  return ret;
}

void drawbar(Monitor *m) {
  int x, w, tw = 0, stw = 0, n = 0, scm;
  int boxs = drw->fonts->h / 9;
  int boxw = drw->fonts->h / 6 + 2;
  unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
  Client *c;

  if (!m->showbar)
    return;

  if (showsystray && m == systraytomon(m)) {
    stw = getsystraywidth();
  }

  x = 0;
  // clean
  drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeEmpty]);
  drw_rect(drw, x, 0, m->ww, bh, 1, 1);

  /* draw status first so it can be overdrawn by tags later */
  if (m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
    tw = statusw = m->ww - drawstatusbar(m, bh, stext);
  }
  resizebarwin(m);

  for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
    if (ISVISIBLE(c))
      n++;
    occ |= c->tags;
    if (c->isurgent)
      urg |= c->tags;
  }

  // draw host
  w = TEXTW(host);
  drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeHost]);
  x = drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2, host, 0);

  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
    /* Do not draw vacant tags */
    if (!(occ & 1 << i || m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i))
      continue;
    w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
    // 高亮所在的tag
    drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? SchemeTagSel : SchemeTagNorm]);
    drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2, tags[i], urg & 1 << i);
    x += w;
  }
  // layout symbol
  w = blw = TEXTW(m->ltsymbol);
  drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeLayout]);
  x = drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2, m->ltsymbol, 0);

  // draw tab
  if ((w = m->ww - tw - stw - x) > bh) {
    if (n > 0) {
      int remainder = w % n;
      int tabw = TEXTW(taskWidth);
      if (tabw * n >= w)
        tabw = (1.0 / (double)n) * w + 1;

      // 判断tab是否居中
      if (tabcenter) 
        x += ( w - (tabw * n) ) / 2;

      for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
        if (!ISVISIBLE(c))
          continue;
        if (m->sel == c)
          scm = SchemeSel;
        else if (HIDDEN(c))
          scm = SchemeHid;
        else
          scm = SchemeNorm;
        drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[scm]);

        char title[256];
        wrapclienttitle(c->class, c->name, title);

        if (remainder >= 0) {
          if (remainder == 0) {
            tabw--;
          }
          remainder--;
        }

        if (tabradius)
          drw_tab(drw, x, 0, tabw, bh, lrpad/2, 5, title, 0);
        else
          drw_text(drw, x, 0, tabw, bh, lrpad/2, title, 0);
        // 为浮动窗口添加浮动标志
        if (c->isfloating)
          drw_rect(drw, x + bh / 2, boxs, boxw, boxw, c->isfixed, 0);
        x += tabw;
      }
      m->tw = tabw;
    }
  }

  m->bt = n;
  m->btw = w;
  drw_map(drw, m->barwin, 0, 0, m->ww - stw, bh);
}

void drawbars(void) {
  Monitor *m;

  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    drawbar(m);

  if (showsystray && !systraypinning)
    updatesystray(0);
}

void wrapclienttitle(char *class, char *name, char *title) {
  char buf[256];
  unsigned int i;
  const char *icon = NULL;
  const TaskIcon *ti = NULL;

  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(icons); i++) {
    ti = &icons[i];
    if ((!ti->class || strstr(class, ti->class)) &&
        (!ti->title || strstr(name, ti->title))) {
      icon = ti->icon;
    }
  }
  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", icon, name);
  title = buf;
}

//  void enternotify(XEvent *e) {
//    Client *c;
//    Monitor *m;
//    XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
//
//    if ((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) &&
//        ev->window != root)
//      return;
//    c = wintoclient(ev->window);
//    m = c ? c->mon : wintomon(ev->window);
//    if (m != selmon) {
//      unfocus(selmon->sel, 1);
//      selmon = m;
//    } else if (!c || c == selmon->sel)
//      return;
//    focus(c);
//  }

void expose(XEvent *e) {
  Monitor *m;
  XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;

  if (ev->count == 0 && (m = wintomon(ev->window))) {
    drawbar(m);

    if (showsystray && m == systraytomon(m))
      updatesystray(0);
  }
}

void focus(Client *c) {
  if (!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
    for (c = selmon->stack; c && (!ISVISIBLE(c) || HIDDEN(c)); c = c->snext)
      ;
  if (selmon->sel && selmon->sel != c) {
    unfocus(selmon->sel, 0);

    if (selmon->hidsel) {
      hidewin(selmon->sel);
      if (c)
        arrange(c->mon);
      selmon->hidsel = 0;
    }
  }
  if (c) {
    if (c->mon != selmon)
      selmon = c->mon;
    if (c->isurgent)
      seturgent(c, 0);
    detachstack(c);
    attachstack(c);
    grabbuttons(c, 1);
    XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, scheme[SchemeSel][ColBorder].pixel);
    setfocus(c);
  } else {
    XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
    XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow]);
  }
  selmon->sel = c;
  drawbars();
}

/* there are some broken focus acquiring clients needing extra handling */
void focusin(XEvent *e) {
  XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;

  if (selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
    setfocus(selmon->sel);
}

void focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
  Monitor *m;

  if (!mons->next)
    return;
  if ((m = dirtomon(arg->i)) == selmon)
    return;
  unfocus(selmon->sel, 0);
  selmon = m;
  focus(NULL);
}

void focusstackvis(const Arg *arg) { focusstack(arg->i, 0); }

void focusstackhid(const Arg *arg) { focusstack(arg->i, 1); }

void focusstack(int inc, int hid) {
  Client *c = NULL, *i;

  if ((!selmon->sel && !hid) ||
      (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfullscreen && lockfullscreen))
    return;
  if (!selmon->clients)
    return;

  if (inc > 0) {
    if (selmon->sel)
      for (c = selmon->sel->next; c && (!ISVISIBLE(c) || (!hid && HIDDEN(c)));
           c = c->next)
        ;
    if (!c)
      for (c = selmon->clients; c && (!ISVISIBLE(c) || (!hid && HIDDEN(c)));
           c = c->next)
        ;
  } else {
    if (selmon->sel) {
      for (i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
        if (ISVISIBLE(i) && !(!hid && HIDDEN(i)))
          c = i;
    } else
      c = selmon->clients;
    if (!c)
      for (; i; i = i->next)
        if (ISVISIBLE(i) && !(!hid && HIDDEN(i)))
          c = i;
  }
  if (c) {
    focus(c);
    restack(selmon);

    if (HIDDEN(c)) {
      showwin(c);
      c->mon->hidsel = 1;
    }
  }
}

Atom getatomprop(Client *c, Atom prop) {
  int di;
  unsigned long dl;
  unsigned char *p = NULL;
  Atom da, atom = None;

  /* FIXME getatomprop should return the number of items and a pointer to
   * the stored data instead of this workaround */
  Atom req = XA_ATOM;
  if (prop == xatom[XembedInfo])
    req = xatom[XembedInfo];

  if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, c->win, prop, 0L, sizeof atom, False, req, &da,
                         &di, &dl, &dl, &p) == Success &&
      p) {
    atom = *(Atom *)p;
    if (da == xatom[XembedInfo] && dl == 2)
      atom = ((Atom *)p)[1];
    XFree(p);
  }
  return atom;
}

int getrootptr(int *x, int *y) {
  int di;
  unsigned int dui;
  Window dummy;

  return XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, x, y, &di, &di, &dui);
}

long getstate(Window w) {
  int format;
  long result = -1;
  unsigned char *p = NULL;
  unsigned long n, extra;
  Atom real;

  if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False,
                         wmatom[WMState], &real, &format, &n, &extra,
                         (unsigned char **)&p) != Success)
    return -1;
  if (n != 0)
    result = *p;
  XFree(p);
  return result;
}

unsigned int getsystraywidth() {
  unsigned int w = 0;
  Client *i;
  if (showsystray)
    for (i = systray->icons; i; w += i->w + systrayspacing, i = i->next)
      ;
  return w ? w + systrayspacing : 0;
}

int gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
  char **list = NULL;
  int n;
  XTextProperty name;

  if (!text || size == 0)
    return 0;
  text[0] = '\0';
  if (!XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom) || !name.nitems)
    return 0;
  if (name.encoding == XA_STRING)
    strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
  else {
    if (XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success && n > 0 &&
        *list) {
      strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
      XFreeStringList(list);
    }
  }
  text[size - 1] = '\0';
  XFree(name.value);
  return 1;
}

void grabbuttons(Client *c, int focused) {
  updatenumlockmask();
  {
    unsigned int i, j;
    unsigned int modifiers[] = {0, LockMask, numlockmask,
                                numlockmask | LockMask};
    XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
    if (!focused)
      XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
                  GrabModeSync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
    for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
      if (buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
        for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
          XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
                      c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync,
                      None, None);
  }
}

void grabkeys(void) {
  updatenumlockmask();
  {
    unsigned int i, j;
    unsigned int modifiers[] = {0, LockMask, numlockmask,
                                numlockmask | LockMask};
    KeyCode code;

    XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
    for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
      if ((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
        for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
          XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root, True,
                   GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
  }
}

void hide(const Arg *arg) {
  hidewin(selmon->sel);
  focus(NULL);
  arrange(selmon);
}

void hidewin(Client *c) {
  if (!c || HIDDEN(c))
    return;

  Window w = c->win;
  static XWindowAttributes ra, ca;

  // more or less taken directly from blackbox's hide() function
  XGrabServer(dpy);
  XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, root, &ra);
  XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, w, &ca);
  // prevent UnmapNotify events
  XSelectInput(dpy, root, ra.your_event_mask & ~SubstructureNotifyMask);
  XSelectInput(dpy, w, ca.your_event_mask & ~StructureNotifyMask);
  XUnmapWindow(dpy, w);
  setclientstate(c, IconicState);
  XSelectInput(dpy, root, ra.your_event_mask);
  XSelectInput(dpy, w, ca.your_event_mask);
  XUngrabServer(dpy);
}

void incnmaster(const Arg *arg) {
  selmon->nmaster = selmon->pertag->nmasters[selmon->pertag->curtag] =
      MAX(selmon->nmaster + arg->i, 0);
  arrange(selmon);
}

#ifdef XINERAMA
static int isuniquegeom(XineramaScreenInfo *unique, size_t n,
                        XineramaScreenInfo *info) {
  while (n--)
    if (unique[n].x_org == info->x_org && unique[n].y_org == info->y_org &&
        unique[n].width == info->width && unique[n].height == info->height)
      return 0;
  return 1;
}
#endif /* XINERAMA */

void keypress(XEvent *e) {
  unsigned int i;
  KeySym keysym;
  XKeyEvent *ev;

  ev = &e->xkey;
  keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
    if (keysym == keys[i].keysym &&
        CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state) && keys[i].func)
      keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
}

void killclient(const Arg *arg) {
  if (!selmon->sel)
    return;
  if (!sendevent(selmon->sel->win, wmatom[WMDelete], NoEventMask,
                 wmatom[WMDelete], CurrentTime, 0, 0, 0)) {
    XGrabServer(dpy);
    XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
    XSetCloseDownMode(dpy, DestroyAll);
    XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
    XSync(dpy, False);
    XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
    XUngrabServer(dpy);
  }
}

void layoutmenu(const Arg *arg) {
  FILE *p;
  char c[3], *s;
  int i;

  if (!(p = popen(layoutmenu_cmd, "r")))
    return;
  s = fgets(c, sizeof(c), p);
  pclose(p);

  if (!s || *s == '\0' || c[0] == '\0')
    return;

  i = atoi(c);
  setlayout(&((Arg){.v = &layouts[i]}));
}

void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
  Client *c, *t = NULL;
  Window trans = None;
  XWindowChanges wc;

  c = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Client));
  c->win = w;
  /* geometry */
  c->x = c->oldx = wa->x;
  c->y = c->oldy = wa->y;
  c->w = c->oldw = wa->width;
  c->h = c->oldh = wa->height;
  c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
  c->cfact = 1.0;

  updatetitle(c);
  if (XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) && (t = wintoclient(trans))) {
    c->mon = t->mon;
    c->tags = t->tags;
  } else {
    c->mon = selmon;
    applyrules(c);
  }

  if (c->x + WIDTH(c) > c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw)
    c->x = c->mon->mx + c->mon->mw - WIDTH(c);
  if (c->y + HEIGHT(c) > c->mon->my + c->mon->mh)
    c->y = c->mon->my + c->mon->mh - HEIGHT(c);
  c->x = MAX(c->x, c->mon->mx);
  /* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
  c->y = MAX(c->y,
             ((c->mon->by == c->mon->my) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx) &&
              (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww))
                 ? bh
                 : c->mon->my);
  c->bw = borderpx;

  wc.border_width = c->bw;
  XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
  XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBorder].pixel);
  configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
  updatewindowtype(c);
  updatesizehints(c);
  updatewmhints(c);
  XSelectInput(dpy, w,
               EnterWindowMask | FocusChangeMask | PropertyChangeMask |
                   StructureNotifyMask);
  grabbuttons(c, 0);
  if (!c->isfloating)
    c->isfloating = c->oldstate = trans != None || c->isfixed;
  if (c->isfloating) {
    if (c->x == 0 && (c->y == bh || c->y == 0)) {
      c->x = (c->mon->mw - c->w) / 2;
      c->y = (c->mon->mh - c->h) / 2;
    }
    XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
  }
  attachtop ? attach(c) : attachbottom(c);
  attachstack(c);
  XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList], XA_WINDOW, 32,
                  PropModeAppend, (unsigned char *)&(c->win), 1);
  XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w,
                    c->h); /* some windows require this */
  if (!HIDDEN(c))
    setclientstate(c, NormalState);
  if (c->mon == selmon)
    unfocus(selmon->sel, 0);
  c->mon->sel = c;
  arrange(c->mon);
  if (!HIDDEN(c))
    XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
  focus(NULL);
}

void mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
  XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;

  XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
  if (ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
    grabkeys();
}

void maprequest(XEvent *e) {
  static XWindowAttributes wa;
  XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;

  Client *i;
  if (showsystray && (i = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
    sendevent(i->win, netatom[Xembed], StructureNotifyMask, CurrentTime,
              XEMBED_WINDOW_ACTIVATE, 0, systray->win, XEMBED_EMBEDDED_VERSION);
    updatesystray(1);
  }

  if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
    return;
  if (wa.override_redirect)
    return;
  if (!wintoclient(ev->window))
    manage(ev->window, &wa);
}

void monocle(Monitor *m) {
  unsigned int n = 0;
  Client *c;

  for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
    if (ISVISIBLE(c))
      n++;
  if (n > 0) /* override layout symbol */
    snprintf(m->ltsymbol, sizeof m->ltsymbol, "[%d]", n);
  for (c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
    resize(c, m->wx , m->wy , m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw, 0);
}

void motionnotify(XEvent *e) {
  static Monitor *mon = NULL;
  Monitor *m;
  XMotionEvent *ev = &e->xmotion;

  if (ev->window != root)
    return;
  if ((m = recttomon(ev->x_root, ev->y_root, 1, 1)) != mon && mon) {
    unfocus(selmon->sel, 1);
    selmon = m;
    focus(NULL);
  }
  mon = m;
}

void movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
  int x, y, ocx, ocy, nx, ny;
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;
  XEvent ev;
  Time lasttime = 0;

  if (!(c = selmon->sel))
    return;
  if (c->isfullscreen) /* no support moving fullscreen windows by mouse */
    return;
  restack(selmon);
  ocx = c->x;
  ocy = c->y;
  if (XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
                   None, cursor[CurMove]->cursor, CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
    return;
  if (!getrootptr(&x, &y))
    return;
  do {
    XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
    switch (ev.type) {
    case ConfigureRequest:
    case Expose:
    case MapRequest:
      handler[ev.type](&ev);
      break;
    case MotionNotify:
      if ((ev.xmotion.time - lasttime) <= (1000 / 60))
        continue;
      lasttime = ev.xmotion.time;

      nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
      ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
      if (abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
        nx = selmon->wx;
      else if (abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
        nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
      if (abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
        ny = selmon->wy;
      else if (abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
        ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
      if (!c->isfloating && selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange &&
          (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
        togglefloating(NULL);
      if (!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
        resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, 1);
      break;
    }
  } while (ev.type != ButtonRelease);
  XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
  if ((m = recttomon(c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h)) != selmon) {
    sendmon(c, m);
    selmon = m;
    focus(NULL);
  }
}

Client *nexttiled(Client *c) {
  for (; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c) || HIDDEN(c)); c = c->next)
    ;
  return c;
}

void pop(Client *c) {
  detach(c);
  attach(c);
  focus(c);
  arrange(c->mon);
}

void propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
  Client *c;
  Window trans;
  XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;

  if (showsystray && (c = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
    if (ev->atom == XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS) {
      updatesizehints(c);
      updatesystrayicongeom(c, c->w, c->h);
    } else
      updatesystrayiconstate(c, ev);
    updatesystray(1);
  }

  if ((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
    updatestatus();
  else if (ev->state == PropertyDelete)
    return; /* ignore */
  else if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
    switch (ev->atom) {
    default:
      break;
    case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
      if (!c->isfloating && (XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans)) &&
          (c->isfloating = (wintoclient(trans)) != NULL))
        arrange(c->mon);
      break;
    case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
      c->hintsvalid = 0;
      break;
    case XA_WM_HINTS:
      updatewmhints(c);
      drawbars();
      break;
    }
    if (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
      updatetitle(c);
      if (c == c->mon->sel)
        drawbar(c->mon);
    }
    if (ev->atom == netatom[NetWMWindowType])
      updatewindowtype(c);
  }
}

void quit(const Arg *arg) {
  // fix: reloading dwm keeps all the hidden clients hidden
  Monitor *m;
  Client *c;
  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
    if (m) {
      for (c = m->stack; c; c = c->next)
        if (c && HIDDEN(c))
          showwin(c);
    }
  }

  running = 0;
}

Monitor *recttomon(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  Monitor *m, *r = selmon;
  int a, area = 0;

  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    if ((a = INTERSECT(x, y, w, h, m)) > area) {
      area = a;
      r = m;
    }
  return r;
}

void removesystrayicon(Client *i) {
  Client **ii;

  if (!showsystray || !i)
    return;
  for (ii = &systray->icons; *ii && *ii != i; ii = &(*ii)->next)
    ;
  if (ii)
    *ii = i->next;
  free(i);
}

void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, int interact) {
  if (applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h, interact))
    resizeclient(c, x, y, w, h);
}

void resizebarwin(Monitor *m) {
  unsigned int w = m->ww - 2 * sp;
  if (showsystray && m == systraytomon(m))
    w -= getsystraywidth();
  XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx + sp, m->by + vp, w, bh);
}

void resizeclient(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  XWindowChanges wc;

  c->oldx = c->x;
  c->x = wc.x = x;
  c->oldy = c->y;
  c->y = wc.y = y;
  c->oldw = c->w;
  c->w = wc.width = w;
  c->oldh = c->h;
  c->h = wc.height = h;
  wc.border_width = c->bw;
  if (((nexttiled(c->mon->clients) == c && !nexttiled(c->next)) ||
       &monocle == c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange) &&
      !c->isfullscreen && !c->isfloating &&
      NULL != c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange) {
    c->w = wc.width += c->bw * 2;
    c->h = wc.height += c->bw * 2;
    wc.border_width = 0;
  }
  XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth,
                   &wc);
  configure(c);
  XSync(dpy, False);
}

void resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
  int ocx, ocy, nw, nh;
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;
  XEvent ev;
  Time lasttime = 0;

  if (!(c = selmon->sel))
    return;
  if (c->isfullscreen) /* no support resizing fullscreen windows by mouse */
    return;
  restack(selmon);
  ocx = c->x;
  ocy = c->y;
  if (XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
                   None, cursor[CurResize]->cursor, CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
    return;
  XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1,
               c->h + c->bw - 1);
  do {
    XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
    switch (ev.type) {
    case ConfigureRequest:
    case Expose:
    case MapRequest:
      handler[ev.type](&ev);
      break;
    case MotionNotify:
      if ((ev.xmotion.time - lasttime) <= (1000 / 60))
        continue;
      lasttime = ev.xmotion.time;

      nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
      nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
      if (c->mon->wx + nw >= selmon->wx &&
          c->mon->wx + nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww &&
          c->mon->wy + nh >= selmon->wy &&
          c->mon->wy + nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
        if (!c->isfloating && selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange &&
            (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
          togglefloating(NULL);
      }
      if (!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
        resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, 1);
      break;
    }
  } while (ev.type != ButtonRelease);
  XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1,
               c->h + c->bw - 1);
  XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
  while (XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev))
    ;
  if ((m = recttomon(c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h)) != selmon) {
    sendmon(c, m);
    selmon = m;
    focus(NULL);
  }
}

void resizerequest(XEvent *e) {
  XResizeRequestEvent *ev = &e->xresizerequest;
  Client *i;

  if ((i = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
    updatesystrayicongeom(i, ev->width, ev->height);
    updatesystray(1);
  }
}

void restack(Monitor *m) {
  Client *c;
  XEvent ev;
  XWindowChanges wc;

  drawbar(m);
  if (!m->sel)
    return;
  if (m->sel->isfloating || !m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
    XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
  if (m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
    wc.stack_mode = Below;
    wc.sibling = m->barwin;
    for (c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
      if (!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
        XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
        wc.sibling = c->win;
      }
  }
  XSync(dpy, False);
  while (XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev))
    ;
}

void run(void) {
  XEvent ev;
  /* main event loop */
  XSync(dpy, False);
  while (running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev))
    if (handler[ev.type])
      handler[ev.type](&ev); /* call handler */
}

void runautostart(void) {
  char *pathpfx;
  char *path;
  char *xdgdatahome;
  char *home;
  struct stat sb;

  if ((home = getenv("HOME")) == NULL)
    /* this is almost impossible */
    return;

  /* if $XDG_DATA_HOME is set and not empty, use $XDG_DATA_HOME/dwm,
   * otherwise use ~/.local/share/dwm as autostart script directory
   */
  xdgdatahome = getenv("XDG_DATA_HOME");
  if (xdgdatahome != NULL && *xdgdatahome != '\0') {
    /* space for path segments, separators and nul */
    pathpfx = ecalloc(1, strlen(xdgdatahome) + strlen(dwmdir) + 2);

    if (sprintf(pathpfx, "%s/%s", xdgdatahome, dwmdir) <= 0) {
      free(pathpfx);
      return;
    }
  } else {
    /* space for path segments, separators and nul */
    pathpfx =
        ecalloc(1, strlen(home) + strlen(localshare) + strlen(dwmdir) + 3);

    if (sprintf(pathpfx, "%s/%s/%s", home, localshare, dwmdir) < 0) {
      free(pathpfx);
      return;
    }
  }

  /* check if the autostart script directory exists */
  if (!(stat(pathpfx, &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))) {
    /* the XDG conformant path does not exist or is no directory
     * so we try ~/.dwm instead
     */
    char *pathpfx_new = realloc(pathpfx, strlen(home) + strlen(dwmdir) + 3);
    if (pathpfx_new == NULL) {
      free(pathpfx);
      return;
    }
    pathpfx = pathpfx_new;

    if (sprintf(pathpfx, "%s/.%s", home, dwmdir) <= 0) {
      free(pathpfx);
      return;
    }
  }

  /* try the blocking script first */
  path = ecalloc(1, strlen(pathpfx) + strlen(autostartblocksh) + 2);
  if (sprintf(path, "%s/%s", pathpfx, autostartblocksh) <= 0) {
    free(path);
    free(pathpfx);
  }

  if (access(path, X_OK) == 0)
    system(path);

  /* now the non-blocking script */
  if (sprintf(path, "%s/%s", pathpfx, autostartsh) <= 0) {
    free(path);
    free(pathpfx);
  }

  if (access(path, X_OK) == 0)
    system(strcat(path, " &"));

  free(pathpfx);
  free(path);
}

void scan(void) {
  unsigned int i, num;
  Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
  XWindowAttributes wa;

  if (XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa) || wa.override_redirect ||
          XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
        continue;
      if (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
        manage(wins[i], &wa);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
      if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
        continue;
      if (XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1) &&
          (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
        manage(wins[i], &wa);
    }
    if (wins)
      XFree(wins);
  }
}

void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m) {
  if (c->mon == m)
    return;
  unfocus(c, 1);
  detach(c);
  detachstack(c);
  c->mon = m;
  c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
  attach(c);
  attachstack(c);
  focus(NULL);
  arrange(NULL);
}

void setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
  long data[] = {state, None};

  XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
                  PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
}

int sendevent(Window w, Atom proto, int mask, long d0, long d1, long d2,
              long d3, long d4) {
  int n;
  Atom *protocols, mt;
  int exists = 0;
  XEvent ev;

  if (proto == wmatom[WMTakeFocus] || proto == wmatom[WMDelete]) {
    mt = wmatom[WMProtocols];
    if (XGetWMProtocols(dpy, w, &protocols, &n)) {
      while (!exists && n--)
        exists = protocols[n] == proto;
      XFree(protocols);
    }
  } else {
    exists = True;
    mt = proto;
  }

  if (exists) {
    ev.type = ClientMessage;
    ev.xclient.window = w;
    ev.xclient.message_type = mt;
    ev.xclient.format = 32;
    ev.xclient.data.l[0] = d0;
    ev.xclient.data.l[1] = d1;
    ev.xclient.data.l[2] = d2;
    ev.xclient.data.l[3] = d3;
    ev.xclient.data.l[4] = d4;
    XSendEvent(dpy, w, False, mask, &ev);
  }
  return exists;
}

void setfocus(Client *c) {
  if (!c->neverfocus) {
    XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
    XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow], XA_WINDOW, 32,
                    PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&(c->win), 1);
  }
  sendevent(c->win, wmatom[WMTakeFocus], NoEventMask, wmatom[WMTakeFocus],
            CurrentTime, 0, 0, 0);
}

void setfullscreen(Client *c, int fullscreen) {
  if (fullscreen && !c->isfullscreen) {
    XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, netatom[NetWMState], XA_ATOM, 32,
                    PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&netatom[NetWMFullscreen],
                    1);
    c->isfullscreen = 1;
    c->oldstate = c->isfloating;
    c->oldbw = c->bw;
    c->bw = 0;
    c->isfloating = 1;
    resizeclient(c, c->mon->mx, c->mon->my, c->mon->mw, c->mon->mh);
    XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
  } else if (!fullscreen && c->isfullscreen) {
    XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, netatom[NetWMState], XA_ATOM, 32,
                    PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)0, 0);
    c->isfullscreen = 0;
    c->isfloating = c->oldstate;
    c->bw = c->oldbw;
    c->x = c->oldx;
    c->y = c->oldy;
    c->w = c->oldw;
    c->h = c->oldh;
    resizeclient(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
    arrange(c->mon);
  }
}

Layout *last_layout;
void fullscreen(const Arg *arg) {
  if (selmon->showbar) {
    for (last_layout = (Layout *)layouts;
         last_layout != selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]; last_layout++)
      ;
    setlayout(&((Arg){.v = &layouts[2]}));
  } else {
    setlayout(&((Arg){.v = last_layout}));
  }
  togglebar(arg);
}

void setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
  if (!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != selmon->lt[selmon->sellt])
    selmon->sellt = selmon->pertag->sellts[selmon->pertag->curtag] ^= 1;
  if (arg && arg->v)
    selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] =
        selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt] =
            (Layout *)arg->v;
  strncpy(selmon->ltsymbol, selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->symbol,
          sizeof selmon->ltsymbol);
  if (selmon->sel)
    arrange(selmon);
  else
    drawbar(selmon);
}

void setcfact(const Arg *arg) {
  float f;
  Client *c;

  c = selmon->sel;

  if (!arg || !c || !selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
    return;
  f = arg->f + c->cfact;
  if (arg->f == 0.0)
    f = 1.0;
  else if (f < 0.25 || f > 4.0)
    return;
  c->cfact = f;
  arrange(selmon);
}

/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutely */
void setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
  float f;

  if (!arg || !selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
    return;
  f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
  if (f < 0.05 || f > 0.95)
    return;
  selmon->mfact = selmon->pertag->mfacts[selmon->pertag->curtag] = f;
  arrange(selmon);
}

void setup(void) {
  int i;
  XSetWindowAttributes wa;
  Atom utf8string;

  /* clean up any zombies immediately */
  sigchld(0);

  /* init screen */
  screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
  sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
  sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
  root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
  xinitvisual();
  drw = drw_create(dpy, screen, root, sw, sh, visual, depth, cmap);
  if (!drw_fontset_create(drw, fonts, LENGTH(fonts)))
    die("no fonts could be loaded.");
  lrpad = drw->fonts->h;
  bh = drw->fonts->h + barfontpad * 2;
  sp = sidepad;
  vp = (topbar == 1) ? vertpad : -vertpad;
  updategeom();
  /* init atoms */
  utf8string = XInternAtom(dpy, "UTF8_STRING", False);
  wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
  wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
  wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
  wmatom[WMTakeFocus] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_TAKE_FOCUS", False);
  netatom[NetActiveWindow] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", False);
  netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
  netatom[NetSystemTray] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_S0", False);
  netatom[NetSystemTrayOP] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_OPCODE", False);
  netatom[NetSystemTrayOrientation] =
      XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_ORIENTATION", False);
  netatom[NetSystemTrayOrientationHorz] =
      XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_ORIENTATION_HORZ", False);
  netatom[NetSystemTrayVisual] =
      XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_VISUAL", False);
  netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
  netatom[NetWMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_STATE", False);
  netatom[NetWMCheck] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK", False);
  netatom[NetWMFullscreen] =
      XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN", False);
  netatom[NetWMWindowType] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE", False);
  netatom[NetWMWindowTypeDock] =
      XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK", False);
  netatom[NetWMWindowTypeDialog] =
      XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG", False);
  netatom[NetClientList] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_CLIENT_LIST", False);
  xatom[Manager] = XInternAtom(dpy, "MANAGER", False);
  xatom[Xembed] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_XEMBED", False);
  xatom[XembedInfo] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_XEMBED_INFO", False);
  /* init cursors */
  cursor[CurNormal] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_left_ptr);
  cursor[CurResize] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_sizing);
  cursor[CurMove] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_fleur);
  /* init appearance */
  scheme = ecalloc(LENGTH(colors) + 1, sizeof(Clr *));
  scheme[LENGTH(colors)] = drw_scm_create(drw, colors[0], alphas[0], 3);
  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(colors); i++)
    scheme[i] = drw_scm_create(drw, colors[i], alphas[i], 3);
  /* init system tray */
  if (showsystray)
    updatesystray(0);
  /* init bars */
  updatebars();
  updatestatus();
  /* supporting window for NetWMCheck */
  wmcheckwin = XCreateSimpleWindow(dpy, root, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
  XChangeProperty(dpy, wmcheckwin, netatom[NetWMCheck], XA_WINDOW, 32,
                  PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&wmcheckwin, 1);
  XChangeProperty(dpy, wmcheckwin, netatom[NetWMName], utf8string, 8,
                  PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)"dwm", 3);
  XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetWMCheck], XA_WINDOW, 32,
                  PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&wmcheckwin, 1);
  /* EWMH support per view */
  XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
                  PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)netatom, NetLast);
  XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList]);
  /* select events */
  wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal]->cursor;
  wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask |
                  ButtonPressMask | PointerMotionMask | EnterWindowMask |
                  LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask;
  XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
  XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
  grabkeys();
  focus(NULL);
}

void seturgent(Client *c, int urg) {
  XWMHints *wmh;

  c->isurgent = urg;
  if (!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
    return;
  wmh->flags = urg ? (wmh->flags | XUrgencyHint) : (wmh->flags & ~XUrgencyHint);
  XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
  XFree(wmh);
}

void showhide(Client *c) {
  if (!c)
    return;
  if (ISVISIBLE(c)) {
    /* show clients top down */
    XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
    if ((!c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating) &&
        !c->isfullscreen)
      resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, 0);
    showhide(c->snext);
  } else {
    /* hide clients bottom up */
    showhide(c->snext);
    if (c->tags < c->mon->pertag->curtag) {
      XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, -c->mon->ww * 3 / 2, c->y);
    } else {
      XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->mon->ww * 3 / 2, c->y);
    }
  }
}

void sigchld(int unused) {
  if (signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld) == SIG_ERR)
    die("can't install SIGCHLD handler:");
  while (0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG))
    ;
}

void spawn(const Arg *arg) {
  if (fork() == 0) {
    if (dpy)
      close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
    if (arg->v == statuscmd) {
      for (int i = 0; i < LENGTH(statuscmds); i++) {
        if (statuscmdn == statuscmds[i].id) {
          statuscmd[2] = statuscmds[i].cmd;
          setenv("BUTTON", lastbutton, 1);
          break;
        }
      }
      if (!statuscmd[2])
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }
    setsid();
    execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
    fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
    perror(" failed");
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  }
}

Monitor *systraytomon(Monitor *m) {
  Monitor *t;
  int i, n;
  if (!systraypinning) {
    if (!m)
      return selmon;
    return m == selmon ? m : NULL;
  }
  for (n = 1, t = mons; t && t->next; n++, t = t->next)
    ;
  for (i = 1, t = mons; t && t->next && i < systraypinning; i++, t = t->next)
    ;
  if (systraypinningfailfirst && n < systraypinning)
    return mons;
  return t;
}

void tag(const Arg *arg) {
  if (selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
    selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
    focus(NULL);
    arrange(selmon);
    if (viewontag)
      view(arg);
  }
}

void tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
  if (!selmon->sel || !mons->next)
    return;
  sendmon(selmon->sel, dirtomon(arg->i));
}

void togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
  selmon->showbar = selmon->pertag->showbars[selmon->pertag->curtag] =
      !selmon->showbar;
  updatebarpos(selmon);
  XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx + sp, selmon->by + vp,
                    selmon->ww - 2 * sp, bh);
  if (showsystray) {
    XWindowChanges wc;
    if (!selmon->showbar)
      wc.y = -bh;
    else if (selmon->showbar) {
      wc.y = vp;
      if (!selmon->topbar)
        wc.y = selmon->mh - bh + vp;
    }
    XConfigureWindow(dpy, systray->win, CWY, &wc);
  }
  arrange(selmon);
}

void togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
  if (!selmon->sel)
    return;
  if (selmon->sel->isfullscreen) /* no support for fullscreen windows */
    return;
  selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
  if (selmon->sel->isfloating)
    resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w,selmon->sel->h, 0);

  arrange(selmon);
}

void toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
  unsigned int newtags;

  if (!selmon->sel)
    return;
  newtags = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
  if (newtags) {
    selmon->sel->tags = newtags;
    focus(NULL);
    arrange(selmon);
  }
}

void toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
  unsigned int newtagset =
      selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
  int i;

  if (newtagset) {
    selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = newtagset;

    if (newtagset == ~0) {
      selmon->pertag->prevtag = selmon->pertag->curtag;
      selmon->pertag->curtag = 0;
    }

    /* test if the user did not select the same tag */
    if (!(newtagset & 1 << (selmon->pertag->curtag - 1))) {
      selmon->pertag->prevtag = selmon->pertag->curtag;
      for (i = 0; !(newtagset & 1 << i); i++)
        ;
      selmon->pertag->curtag = i + 1;
    }

    /* apply settings for this view */
    selmon->nmaster = selmon->pertag->nmasters[selmon->pertag->curtag];
    selmon->mfact = selmon->pertag->mfacts[selmon->pertag->curtag];
    selmon->sellt = selmon->pertag->sellts[selmon->pertag->curtag];
    selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] =
        selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt];
    selmon->lt[selmon->sellt ^ 1] =
        selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt ^ 1];

    if (selmon->showbar != selmon->pertag->showbars[selmon->pertag->curtag])
      togglebar(NULL);

    focus(NULL);
    arrange(selmon);
  }
}

void togglewin(const Arg *arg) {
  Client *c = (Client *)arg->v;

  if (c == selmon->sel) {
    hidewin(c);
    focus(NULL);
    arrange(c->mon);
  } else {
    if (HIDDEN(c))
      showwin(c);
    focus(c);
    restack(selmon);
  }
}

void unfocus(Client *c, int setfocus) {
  if (!c)
    return;
  grabbuttons(c, 0);
  XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBorder].pixel);
  if (setfocus) {
    XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
    XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow]);
  }
}

void unmanage(Client *c, int destroyed) {
  Monitor *m = c->mon;
  XWindowChanges wc;

  detach(c);
  detachstack(c);
  if (!destroyed) {
    wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
    XGrabServer(dpy); /* avoid race conditions */
    XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
    XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
    XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
    setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
    XSync(dpy, False);
    XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
    XUngrabServer(dpy);
  }
  free(c);
  focus(NULL);
  updateclientlist();
  arrange(m);
}

void unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
  Client *c;
  XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;

  if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
    if (ev->send_event)
      setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
    else
      unmanage(c, 0);
  } else if ((c = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
    /* KLUDGE! sometimes icons occasionally unmap their windows, but do
     * _not_ destroy them. We map those windows back */
    XMapRaised(dpy, c->win);
    updatesystray(1);
  }
}

void updatebars(void) {
  Monitor *m;
  XSetWindowAttributes wa = {.override_redirect = True,
                             .background_pixel = 0,
                             .border_pixel = 0,
                             .colormap = cmap,
                             .event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask};
  XClassHint ch = {"dwm", "dwm"};
  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
    if (!m->barwin) {
      m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx + sp, m->by + vp, m->ww, bh,
                        0, depth, InputOutput, visual,
                        CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel |
                            CWColormap | CWEventMask,
                        &wa);
      XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]->cursor);
      if (showsystray && m == systraytomon(m))
        XMapRaised(dpy, systray->win);
      XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
      XSetClassHint(dpy, m->barwin, &ch);
    }
  }
}

void updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
  m->wy = m->my;
  m->wh = m->mh;
  if (m->showbar) {
    m->wh = m->wh - vertpad - bh;
    m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh + vertpad;
    m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh + vp : m->wy;
  } else
    m->by = -bh - vp;
}

void updateclientlist() {
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;

  XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList]);
  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
      XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList], XA_WINDOW, 32,
                      PropModeAppend, (unsigned char *)&(c->win), 1);
}

int updategeom(void) {
  int dirty = 0;

#ifdef XINERAMA
  if (XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
    int i, j, n, nn;
    Client *c;
    Monitor *m;
    XineramaScreenInfo *info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &nn);
    XineramaScreenInfo *unique = NULL;

    for (n = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, n++)
      ;
    /* only consider unique geometries as separate screens */
    unique = ecalloc(nn, sizeof(XineramaScreenInfo));
    for (i = 0, j = 0; i < nn; i++)
      if (isuniquegeom(unique, j, &info[i]))
        memcpy(&unique[j++], &info[i], sizeof(XineramaScreenInfo));
    XFree(info);
    nn = j;

    /* new monitors if nn > n */
    for (i = n; i < nn; i++) {
      for (m = mons; m && m->next; m = m->next)
        ;
      if (m)
        m->next = createmon();
      else
        mons = createmon();
    }
    for (i = 0, m = mons; i < nn && m; m = m->next, i++)
      if (i >= n || unique[i].x_org != m->mx || unique[i].y_org != m->my ||
          unique[i].width != m->mw || unique[i].height != m->mh) {
        dirty = 1;
        m->num = i;
        m->mx = m->wx = unique[i].x_org;
        m->my = m->wy = unique[i].y_org;
        m->mw = m->ww = unique[i].width;
        m->mh = m->wh = unique[i].height;
        updatebarpos(m);
      }
    /* removed monitors if n > nn */
    for (i = nn; i < n; i++) {
      for (m = mons; m && m->next; m = m->next)
        ;
      while ((c = m->clients)) {
        dirty = 1;
        m->clients = c->next;
        detachstack(c);
        c->mon = mons;
        attachtop ? attach(c) : attachbottom(c);
        attachstack(c);
      }
      if (m == selmon)
        selmon = mons;
      cleanupmon(m);
    }
    free(unique);
  } else
#endif /* XINERAMA */
  {    /* default monitor setup */
    if (!mons)
      mons = createmon();
    if (mons->mw != sw || mons->mh != sh) {
      dirty = 1;
      mons->mw = mons->ww = sw;
      mons->mh = mons->wh = sh;
      updatebarpos(mons);
    }
  }
  if (dirty) {
    selmon = mons;
    selmon = wintomon(root);
  }
  return dirty;
}

void updatenumlockmask(void) {
  unsigned int i, j;
  XModifierKeymap *modmap;

  numlockmask = 0;
  modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
  for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    for (j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
      if (modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] ==
          XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
        numlockmask = (1 << i);
  XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
}

void updatesizehints(Client *c) {
  long msize;
  XSizeHints size;

  if (!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
    /* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
    size.flags = PSize;
  if (size.flags & PBaseSize) {
    c->basew = size.base_width;
    c->baseh = size.base_height;
  } else if (size.flags & PMinSize) {
    c->basew = size.min_width;
    c->baseh = size.min_height;
  } else
    c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
  if (size.flags & PResizeInc) {
    c->incw = size.width_inc;
    c->inch = size.height_inc;
  } else
    c->incw = c->inch = 0;
  if (size.flags & PMaxSize) {
    c->maxw = size.max_width;
    c->maxh = size.max_height;
  } else
    c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
  if (size.flags & PMinSize) {
    c->minw = size.min_width;
    c->minh = size.min_height;
  } else if (size.flags & PBaseSize) {
    c->minw = size.base_width;
    c->minh = size.base_height;
  } else
    c->minw = c->minh = 0;
  if (size.flags & PAspect) {
    c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / size.min_aspect.x;
    c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / size.max_aspect.y;
  } else
    c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
  c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->maxh && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
  c->hintsvalid = 1;
}

void updatestatus(void) {
  if (!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext))) {
    strcpy(stext, "dwm-" VERSION);
    statusw = TEXTW(stext);
  } else {
    char *text, *s, ch;
    statusw = 0;
    for (text = s = stext; *s; s++) {
      if ((unsigned char)(*s) < ' ') {
        ch = *s;
        *s = '\0';
        statusw += TEXTW(text);
        *s = ch;
        text = s + 1;
      }
    }
    statusw += TEXTW(text);
  }
  drawbar(selmon);
}

void updatesystray(int updatebar) {
  XSetWindowAttributes wa;
  XWindowChanges wc;
  Client *i;
  Monitor *m = systraytomon(NULL);
  unsigned int x = m->mx + m->mw;
  unsigned int w = 1, xpad = 0, ypad = 0;
  xpad = sp;
  ypad = vp;

  if (!showsystray)
    return;
  if (!systray) {
    /* init systray */
    if (!(systray = (Systray *)calloc(1, sizeof(Systray))))
      die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Systray));
    systray->win = XCreateSimpleWindow(dpy, root, x - sp, m->by + vp, w, bh, 0, 0, scheme[SchemeSystray][ColBg].pixel);
    wa.background_pixel = scheme[SchemeSystray][ColBg].pixel;
    wa.event_mask        = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
    wa.override_redirect = True;
    wa.border_pixel = 0;
    XSelectInput(dpy, systray->win, SubstructureNotifyMask);
    XChangeProperty(dpy, systray->win, netatom[NetSystemTrayOrientation], XA_CARDINAL, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&netatom[NetSystemTrayOrientationHorz], 1);
    XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, systray->win, CWEventMask|CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixel|CWBorderPixel, &wa);
    XMapRaised(dpy, systray->win);
    XSetSelectionOwner(dpy, netatom[NetSystemTray], systray->win, CurrentTime);
    if (XGetSelectionOwner(dpy, netatom[NetSystemTray]) == systray->win) {
      sendevent(root, xatom[Manager], StructureNotifyMask, CurrentTime,
                netatom[NetSystemTray], systray->win, 0, 0);
      XSync(dpy, False);
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "dwm: unable to obtain system tray.\n");
      free(systray);
      systray = NULL;
      return;
    }
  }

  for (w = 0, i = systray->icons; i; i = i->next) {
    wa.background_pixel = scheme[SchemeSystray][ColBg].pixel;
    XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, i->win, CWBackPixel, &wa);
    XMapRaised(dpy, i->win);
    w += systrayspacing;
    i->x = w;
    XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, i->win, i->x, i->y, i->w, i->h);
    w += i->w;
    if (i->mon != m)
      i->mon = m;
  }
  w = w ? w + systrayspacing : 1;
  x -= w;
  XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, systray->win, x - xpad, m->by + ypad, w, bh);
  wc.x = x - xpad;
  wc.y = m->by + ypad;
  wc.width = w;
  wc.height = bh;
  wc.stack_mode = Above;
  wc.sibling = m->barwin;
  XConfigureWindow(dpy, systray->win,
                   CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWSibling | CWStackMode,
                   &wc);
  XMapWindow(dpy, systray->win);
  XMapSubwindows(dpy, systray->win);
  XSync(dpy, False);

  if (updatebar)
    drawbar(m);
}

void updatesystrayicongeom(Client *i, int w, int h) {
  int newh = bh - systraypad * 2;
  if (i) {
    i->h = newh;
    i->w = (int)((float)w * (float)i->h / (float)h);
    applysizehints(i, &(i->x), &(i->y), &(i->w), &(i->h), False);
    /* force icons into the systray dimensions if they don't want to */
    if (i->h > newh) {
      i->w = (int)((float)i->w * (float)newh / (float)i->h);
      i->h = newh;
    }
    i->y = systraypad;
  }
}

void updatesystrayiconstate(Client *i, XPropertyEvent *ev) {
  long flags;
  int code = 0;

  if (!showsystray || !i || ev->atom != xatom[XembedInfo] ||
      !(flags = getatomprop(i, xatom[XembedInfo])))
    return;

  if (flags & XEMBED_MAPPED && !i->tags) {
    i->tags = 1;
    code = XEMBED_WINDOW_ACTIVATE;
    XMapRaised(dpy, i->win);
    setclientstate(i, NormalState);
  } else if (!(flags & XEMBED_MAPPED) && i->tags) {
    i->tags = 0;
    code = XEMBED_WINDOW_DEACTIVATE;
    XUnmapWindow(dpy, i->win);
    setclientstate(i, WithdrawnState);
  } else
    return;
  sendevent(i->win, xatom[Xembed], StructureNotifyMask, CurrentTime, code, 0,
            systray->win, XEMBED_EMBEDDED_VERSION);
}

void show(const Arg *arg) {
  if (selmon->hidsel)
    selmon->hidsel = 0;
  showwin(selmon->sel);
}

void showall(const Arg *arg) {
  Client *c = NULL;
  selmon->hidsel = 0;
  for (c = selmon->clients; c; c = c->next) {
    if (ISVISIBLE(c))
      showwin(c);
  }
  if (!selmon->sel) {
    for (c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next)
      ;
    if (c)
      focus(c);
  }
  restack(selmon);
}

void showwin(Client *c) {
  if (!c || !HIDDEN(c))
    return;

  XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
  setclientstate(c, NormalState);
  arrange(c->mon);
}

void updatetitle(Client *c) {
  if (!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
    gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
  if (c->name[0] == '\0') /* hack to mark broken clients */
    strcpy(c->name, broken);
}

void updatewindowtype(Client *c) {
  Atom state = getatomprop(c, netatom[NetWMState]);
  Atom wtype = getatomprop(c, netatom[NetWMWindowType]);

  if (state == netatom[NetWMFullscreen])
    setfullscreen(c, 1);
  if (wtype == netatom[NetWMWindowTypeDialog])
    c->isfloating = 1;
}

void updatewmhints(Client *c) {
  XWMHints *wmh;

  if ((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
    if (c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
      wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
      XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
    } else
      c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? 1 : 0;
    if (wmh->flags & InputHint)
      c->neverfocus = !wmh->input;
    else
      c->neverfocus = 0;
    XFree(wmh);
  }
}

void view(const Arg *arg) {
  int i;
  unsigned int tmptag;

  if ((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
    return;
  selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
  if (arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
    selmon->pertag->prevtag = selmon->pertag->curtag;

    if (arg->ui == ~0)
      selmon->pertag->curtag = 0;
    else {
      for (i = 0; !(arg->ui & 1 << i); i++)
        ;
      selmon->pertag->curtag = i + 1;
    }
  } else {
    tmptag = selmon->pertag->prevtag;
    selmon->pertag->prevtag = selmon->pertag->curtag;
    selmon->pertag->curtag = tmptag;
  }

  selmon->nmaster = selmon->pertag->nmasters[selmon->pertag->curtag];
  selmon->mfact = selmon->pertag->mfacts[selmon->pertag->curtag];
  selmon->sellt = selmon->pertag->sellts[selmon->pertag->curtag];
  selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] =
      selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt];
  selmon->lt[selmon->sellt ^ 1] =
      selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt ^ 1];

  if (selmon->showbar != selmon->pertag->showbars[selmon->pertag->curtag])
    togglebar(NULL);

  selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
  focus(NULL);
  arrange(selmon);
}

Client *wintoclient(Window w) {
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;

  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
      if (c->win == w)
        return c;
  return NULL;
}

Monitor *wintomon(Window w) {
  int x, y;
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;

  if (w == root && getrootptr(&x, &y))
    return recttomon(x, y, 1, 1);
  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    if (w == m->barwin)
      return m;
  if ((c = wintoclient(w)))
    return c->mon;
  return selmon;
}

Client *wintosystrayicon(Window w) {
  Client *i = NULL;

  if (!showsystray || !w)
    return i;
  for (i = systray->icons; i && i->win != w; i = i->next)
    ;
  return i;
}

/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's). Other types of errors call Xlibs
 * default error handler, which may call exit. */
int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
  if (ee->error_code == BadWindow ||
      (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle &&
       ee->error_code == BadDrawable) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
    return 0;
  fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
          ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
  return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
}

int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) { return 0; }

/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
 * is already running. */
int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
  die("dwm: another window manager is already running");
  return -1;
}

void xinitvisual() {
  XVisualInfo *infos;
  XRenderPictFormat *fmt;
  int nitems;
  int i;

  XVisualInfo tpl = {.screen = screen, .depth = 32, .class = TrueColor};
  long masks = VisualScreenMask | VisualDepthMask | VisualClassMask;

  infos = XGetVisualInfo(dpy, masks, &tpl, &nitems);
  visual = NULL;
  for (i = 0; i < nitems; i++) {
    fmt = XRenderFindVisualFormat(dpy, infos[i].visual);
    if (fmt->type == PictTypeDirect && fmt->direct.alphaMask) {
      visual = infos[i].visual;
      depth = infos[i].depth;
      cmap = XCreateColormap(dpy, root, visual, AllocNone);
      useargb = 1;
      break;
    }
  }

  XFree(infos);

  if (!visual) {
    visual = DefaultVisual(dpy, screen);
    depth = DefaultDepth(dpy, screen);
    cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
  }
}

void zoom(const Arg *arg) {
  Client *c = selmon->sel;

  if (!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange ||
      (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
    return;
  if (c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
    if (!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
      return;
  pop(c);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  if (argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
    die("dwm-" VERSION);
  else if (argc != 1)
    die("usage: dwm [-v]");
  if (!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
    fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
  if (!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
    die("dwm: cannot open display");
  checkotherwm();
  setup();
#ifdef __OpenBSD__
  if (pledge("stdio rpath proc exec", NULL) == -1)
    die("pledge");
#endif /* __OpenBSD__ */
  scan();
  runautostart();
  run();
  cleanup();
  XCloseDisplay(dpy);
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}