pool.go

// Copyright 2012 Gary Burd
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
// a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

package redis

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/sha1"
	"errors"
	"io"
	"strconv"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/garyburd/redigo/internal"
)

var (
	_ ConnWithTimeout = (*pooledConnection)(nil)
	_ ConnWithTimeout = (*errorConnection)(nil)
)

var nowFunc = time.Now // for testing

// ErrPoolExhausted is returned from a pool connection method (Do, Send,
// Receive, Flush, Err) when the maximum number of database connections in the
// pool has been reached.
var ErrPoolExhausted = errors.New("redigo: connection pool exhausted")

var (
	errPoolClosed = errors.New("redigo: connection pool closed")
	errConnClosed = errors.New("redigo: connection closed")
)

// Pool maintains a pool of connections. The application calls the Get method
// to get a connection from the pool and the connection's Close method to
// return the connection's resources to the pool.
//
// The following example shows how to use a pool in a web application. The
// application creates a pool at application startup and makes it available to
// request handlers using a package level variable. The pool configuration used
// here is an example, not a recommendation.
//
//  func newPool(addr string) *redis.Pool {
//    return &redis.Pool{
//      MaxIdle: 3,
//      IdleTimeout: 240 * time.Second,
//      Dial: func () (redis.Conn, error) { return redis.Dial("tcp", addr) },
//    }
//  }
//
//  var (
//    pool *redis.Pool
//    redisServer = flag.String("redisServer", ":6379", "")
//  )
//
//  func main() {
//    flag.Parse()
//    pool = newPool(*redisServer)
//    ...
//  }
//
// A request handler gets a connection from the pool and closes the connection
// when the handler is done:
//
//  func serveHome(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
//      conn := pool.Get()
//      defer conn.Close()
//      ...
//  }
//
// Use the Dial function to authenticate connections with the AUTH command or
// select a database with the SELECT command:
//
//  pool := &redis.Pool{
//    // Other pool configuration not shown in this example.
//    Dial: func () (redis.Conn, error) {
//      c, err := redis.Dial("tcp", server)
//      if err != nil {
//        return nil, err
//      }
//      if _, err := c.Do("AUTH", password); err != nil {
//        c.Close()
//        return nil, err
//      }
//      if _, err := c.Do("SELECT", db); err != nil {
//        c.Close()
//        return nil, err
//      }
//      return c, nil
//    },
//  }
//
// Use the TestOnBorrow function to check the health of an idle connection
// before the connection is returned to the application. This example PINGs
// connections that have been idle more than a minute:
//
//  pool := &redis.Pool{
//    // Other pool configuration not shown in this example.
//    TestOnBorrow: func(c redis.Conn, t time.Time) error {
//      if time.Since(t) < time.Minute {
//        return nil
//      }
//      _, err := c.Do("PING")
//      return err
//    },
//  }
//
type Pool struct {
	// Dial is an application supplied function for creating and configuring a
	// connection.
	//
	// The connection returned from Dial must not be in a special state
	// (subscribed to pubsub channel, transaction started, ...).
	Dial func() (Conn, error)

	// TestOnBorrow is an optional application supplied function for checking
	// the health of an idle connection before the connection is used again by
	// the application. Argument t is the time that the connection was returned
	// to the pool. If the function returns an error, then the connection is
	// closed.
	TestOnBorrow func(c Conn, t time.Time) error

	// Maximum number of idle connections in the pool.
	MaxIdle int

	// Maximum number of connections allocated by the pool at a given time.
	// When zero, there is no limit on the number of connections in the pool.
	MaxActive int

	// Close connections after remaining idle for this duration. If the value
	// is zero, then idle connections are not closed. Applications should set
	// the timeout to a value less than the server's timeout.
	IdleTimeout time.Duration

	// If Wait is true and the pool is at the MaxActive limit, then Get() waits
	// for a connection to be returned to the pool before returning.
	Wait bool

	chInitialized uint32 // set to 1 when field ch is initialized

	mu     sync.Mutex    // mu protects the following fields
	closed bool          // set to true when the pool is closed.
	active int           // the number of open connections in the pool
	ch     chan struct{} // limits open connections when p.Wait is true
	idle   idleList      // idle connections
}

// NewPool creates a new pool.
//
// Deprecated: Initialize the Pool directory as shown in the example.
func NewPool(newFn func() (Conn, error), maxIdle int) *Pool {
	return &Pool{Dial: newFn, MaxIdle: maxIdle}
}

// Get gets a connection. The application must close the returned connection.
// This method always returns a valid connection so that applications can defer
// error handling to the first use of the connection. If there is an error
// getting an underlying connection, then the connection Err, Do, Send, Flush
// and Receive methods return that error.
func (p *Pool) Get() Conn {
	c, err := p.get(nil)
	if err != nil {
		return errorConnection{err}
	}
	return &pooledConnection{p: p, c: c}
}

// PoolStats contains pool statistics.
type PoolStats struct {
	// ActiveCount is the number of connections in the pool. The count includes
	// idle connections and connections in use.
	ActiveCount int
	// IdleCount is the number of idle connections in the pool.
	IdleCount int
}

// Stats returns pool's statistics.
func (p *Pool) Stats() PoolStats {
	p.mu.Lock()
	stats := PoolStats{
		ActiveCount: p.active,
		IdleCount:   p.idle.count,
	}
	p.mu.Unlock()

	return stats
}

// ActiveCount returns the number of connections in the pool. The count
// includes idle connections and connections in use.
func (p *Pool) ActiveCount() int {
	p.mu.Lock()
	active := p.active
	p.mu.Unlock()
	return active
}

// IdleCount returns the number of idle connections in the pool.
func (p *Pool) IdleCount() int {
	p.mu.Lock()
	idle := p.idle.count
	p.mu.Unlock()
	return idle
}

// Close releases the resources used by the pool.
func (p *Pool) Close() error {
	p.mu.Lock()
	if p.closed {
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil
	}
	p.closed = true
	p.active -= p.idle.count
	ic := p.idle.front
	p.idle.count = 0
	p.idle.front, p.idle.back = nil, nil
	if p.ch != nil {
		close(p.ch)
	}
	p.mu.Unlock()
	for ; ic != nil; ic = ic.next {
		ic.c.Close()
	}
	return nil
}

func (p *Pool) lazyInit() {
	// Fast path.
	if atomic.LoadUint32(&p.chInitialized) == 1 {
		return
	}
	// Slow path.
	p.mu.Lock()
	if p.chInitialized == 0 {
		p.ch = make(chan struct{}, p.MaxActive)
		if p.closed {
			close(p.ch)
		} else {
			for i := 0; i < p.MaxActive; i++ {
				p.ch <- struct{}{}
			}
		}
		atomic.StoreUint32(&p.chInitialized, 1)
	}
	p.mu.Unlock()
}

// get prunes stale connections and returns a connection from the idle list or
// creates a new connection.
func (p *Pool) get(ctx interface {
	Done() <-chan struct{}
	Err() error
}) (Conn, error) {

	// Handle limit for p.Wait == true.
	if p.Wait && p.MaxActive > 0 {
		p.lazyInit()
		if ctx == nil {
			<-p.ch
		} else {
			select {
			case <-p.ch:
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return nil, ctx.Err()
			}
		}
	}

	p.mu.Lock()

	// Prune stale connections at the back of the idle list.
	if p.IdleTimeout > 0 {
		n := p.idle.count
		for i := 0; i < n && p.idle.back != nil && p.idle.back.t.Add(p.IdleTimeout).Before(nowFunc()); i++ {
			c := p.idle.back.c
			p.idle.popBack()
			p.mu.Unlock()
			c.Close()
			p.mu.Lock()
			p.active--
		}
	}

	// Get idle connection from the front of idle list.
	for p.idle.front != nil {
		ic := p.idle.front
		p.idle.popFront()
		p.mu.Unlock()
		if p.TestOnBorrow == nil || p.TestOnBorrow(ic.c, ic.t) == nil {
			return ic.c, nil
		}
		ic.c.Close()
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.active--
	}

	// Check for pool closed before dialing a new connection.
	if p.closed {
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil, errors.New("redigo: get on closed pool")
	}

	// Handle limit for p.Wait == false.
	if !p.Wait && p.MaxActive > 0 && p.active >= p.MaxActive {
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil, ErrPoolExhausted
	}

	p.active++
	p.mu.Unlock()
	c, err := p.Dial()
	if err != nil {
		c = nil
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.active--
		if p.ch != nil && !p.closed {
			p.ch <- struct{}{}
		}
		p.mu.Unlock()
	}
	return c, err
}

func (p *Pool) put(c Conn, forceClose bool) error {
	p.mu.Lock()
	if !p.closed && !forceClose {
		p.idle.pushFront(&idleConn{t: nowFunc(), c: c})
		if p.idle.count > p.MaxIdle {
			c = p.idle.back.c
			p.idle.popBack()
		} else {
			c = nil
		}
	}

	if c != nil {
		p.mu.Unlock()
		c.Close()
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.active--
	}

	if p.ch != nil && !p.closed {
		p.ch <- struct{}{}
	}
	p.mu.Unlock()
	return nil
}

type pooledConnection struct {
	p     *Pool
	c     Conn
	state int
}

var (
	sentinel     []byte
	sentinelOnce sync.Once
)

func initSentinel() {
	p := make([]byte, 64)
	if _, err := rand.Read(p); err == nil {
		sentinel = p
	} else {
		h := sha1.New()
		io.WriteString(h, "Oops, rand failed. Use time instead.")
		io.WriteString(h, strconv.FormatInt(time.Now().UnixNano(), 10))
		sentinel = h.Sum(nil)
	}
}

func (pc *pooledConnection) Close() error {
	c := pc.c
	if _, ok := c.(errorConnection); ok {
		return nil
	}
	pc.c = errorConnection{errConnClosed}

	if pc.state&internal.MultiState != 0 {
		c.Send("DISCARD")
		pc.state &^= (internal.MultiState | internal.WatchState)
	} else if pc.state&internal.WatchState != 0 {
		c.Send("UNWATCH")
		pc.state &^= internal.WatchState
	}
	if pc.state&internal.SubscribeState != 0 {
		c.Send("UNSUBSCRIBE")
		c.Send("PUNSUBSCRIBE")
		// To detect the end of the message stream, ask the server to echo
		// a sentinel value and read until we see that value.
		sentinelOnce.Do(initSentinel)
		c.Send("ECHO", sentinel)
		c.Flush()
		for {
			p, err := c.Receive()
			if err != nil {
				break
			}
			if p, ok := p.([]byte); ok && bytes.Equal(p, sentinel) {
				pc.state &^= internal.SubscribeState
				break
			}
		}
	}
	c.Do("")
	pc.p.put(c, pc.state != 0 || c.Err() != nil)
	return nil
}

func (pc *pooledConnection) Err() error {
	return pc.c.Err()
}

func (pc *pooledConnection) Do(commandName string, args ...interface{}) (reply interface{}, err error) {
	ci := internal.LookupCommandInfo(commandName)
	pc.state = (pc.state | ci.Set) &^ ci.Clear
	return pc.c.Do(commandName, args...)
}

func (pc *pooledConnection) DoWithTimeout(timeout time.Duration, commandName string, args ...interface{}) (reply interface{}, err error) {
	cwt, ok := pc.c.(ConnWithTimeout)
	if !ok {
		return nil, errTimeoutNotSupported
	}
	ci := internal.LookupCommandInfo(commandName)
	pc.state = (pc.state | ci.Set) &^ ci.Clear
	return cwt.DoWithTimeout(timeout, commandName, args...)
}

func (pc *pooledConnection) Send(commandName string, args ...interface{}) error {
	ci := internal.LookupCommandInfo(commandName)
	pc.state = (pc.state | ci.Set) &^ ci.Clear
	return pc.c.Send(commandName, args...)
}

func (pc *pooledConnection) Flush() error {
	return pc.c.Flush()
}

func (pc *pooledConnection) Receive() (reply interface{}, err error) {
	return pc.c.Receive()
}

func (pc *pooledConnection) ReceiveWithTimeout(timeout time.Duration) (reply interface{}, err error) {
	cwt, ok := pc.c.(ConnWithTimeout)
	if !ok {
		return nil, errTimeoutNotSupported
	}
	return cwt.ReceiveWithTimeout(timeout)
}

type errorConnection struct{ err error }

func (ec errorConnection) Do(string, ...interface{}) (interface{}, error) { return nil, ec.err }
func (ec errorConnection) DoWithTimeout(time.Duration, string, ...interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
	return nil, ec.err
}
func (ec errorConnection) Send(string, ...interface{}) error                     { return ec.err }
func (ec errorConnection) Err() error                                            { return ec.err }
func (ec errorConnection) Close() error                                          { return nil }
func (ec errorConnection) Flush() error                                          { return ec.err }
func (ec errorConnection) Receive() (interface{}, error)                         { return nil, ec.err }
func (ec errorConnection) ReceiveWithTimeout(time.Duration) (interface{}, error) { return nil, ec.err }

type idleList struct {
	count       int
	front, back *idleConn
}

type idleConn struct {
	c          Conn
	t          time.Time
	next, prev *idleConn
}

func (l *idleList) pushFront(ic *idleConn) {
	ic.next = l.front
	ic.prev = nil
	if l.count == 0 {
		l.back = ic
	} else {
		l.front.prev = ic
	}
	l.front = ic
	l.count++
	return
}

func (l *idleList) popFront() {
	ic := l.front
	l.count--
	if l.count == 0 {
		l.front, l.back = nil, nil
	} else {
		ic.next.prev = nil
		l.front = ic.next
	}
	ic.next, ic.prev = nil, nil
}

func (l *idleList) popBack() {
	ic := l.back
	l.count--
	if l.count == 0 {
		l.front, l.back = nil, nil
	} else {
		ic.prev.next = nil
		l.back = ic.prev
	}
	ic.next, ic.prev = nil, nil
}