ESaqg005.xml

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         <titleStmt>
            <title>Gadla Samāʿtāt, Vitae of Saints and Martyrs (for the months from Tāḫśāś to
               Naḥāse)</title>
            <editor role="cataloguer" key="VP"/>
            <editor key="DN"/>
            <editor role="generalEditor" key="AB"/>
         </titleStmt>
         <publicationStmt>
            <authority>Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik</authority>
            <pubPlace>Hamburg</pubPlace>
            <publisher>Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale
               Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft</publisher>
            <availability>
               <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">
                  <p> This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
                  </p>
               </licence>
            </availability>
            <date>2016-06-07T17:37:12.519+02:00</date>
         </publicationStmt>
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                  <repository ref="INS0097AQG"/>
                  <collection>Ethio-SPaRe</collection>
                  <idno facs="AQG/005/AQG-005" n="279">AQG-005</idno>
               </msIdentifier>
               <msContents>
                  <summary>I) Gadla Samāʿtāt, Vitae of Saints and Martyrs (for the months from
                     Tāḫśāś to Naḥāse) (fols. 2ra-270vb), incomplete, fols. misplaced&#xD; I-1) Gadl
                     wa-sǝmʿ za-ʾAnqiṭos “Vita and Martyrdom of ʾAnqiṭos” (for 12th Tāḫśāś) (fols.
                     2ra-13rb)&#xD; I-2) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Märbǝhnam wa-za-ʾǝḫǝtu Sara “Vita and
                     Martyrdom of Märbǝhnam and his sister Sara” (for 14th Tāḫśāś) (fols.
                     13vb-23rb), including 13 miracles (fols. 19ra-23rb)&#xD; I-3) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ
                     za-Gorgorewos liqa ṗāṗāsāt za-ʾArmanya “Vita and Martyrdom of Gregory, Bishop
                     of Armenia” (for 15th Tāḫśāś) (fols. 23va-31vb)&#xD; I-4) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ
                     za-Ṣādǝqānä Kädiḥ “Vita and Martyrdom of the Righteous Ones of Kädiḥ” (for 18th
                     Tāḫśāś) (fols. 32ra-35vb), including 2 miracles (fols. 32vb-35vb)&#xD; I-5)
                     Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Yoḥannǝs qasis “Vita and martyrdom of John the Priest” (for
                     25th Tāḫśāś) (fols. 36ra-41vb)&#xD; I-6) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Fiqṭor za-ʾAnṣokiya
                     “Vita and Martyrdom of Victor of Antioch” (for 27th Miyāzyā) (fols. 42ra-49vb,
                     162ra-167vb)&#xD; I-7) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-ʾabba ʾAbsadi wa-ʿAllaniqos ʾeṗis
                     qoṗosat za-Gǝbǝṣ “Vita and Martyrdom of ʾAbsadi and Hellanicus, Bishops of
                     Egypt” (for 27th Tāḫśāś) (fols. 50ra-53vb)&#xD; I-8) “How the relies of St
                     Stephen were found”, written by the priest Lucian (Luqyanos) (fols.
                     54ra-57vb)&#xD; I-9) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Tewodros za-ʾAnṣokiya “Vita and Martyrdom
                     of Theodore of Antioch” (for 12th Ṭǝrr) (fols. 58ra-65vb, 74ra-82rb)&#xD; I-10)
                     Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Qirqos wa-ʾǝmmu ʾIyäluṭa “Vita and Martyrdom of Cyricus and his
                     Mother Julitta” (for 15th Ṭǝrr) (fols. 91va-96vb, 269ra-vb, 66ra-72rb)&#xD;
                     I-11) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Ṭeqäla wa-4-dänagǝl ʾellä mǝsleha “Vita and Martyrdom of
                     Thecla and 4 Virgins who were with her” (30th of Ṭǝrr) (fols. 72va-73vb,
                     97ra-98rb)&#xD; I-12) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-7-däqiq [za-ʾEfeson] “Vita and Martyrdom
                     of the 7 Youths (of ʾEfeson)” (for 13th of Ṭǝrr) (fols. 82va-89rb)&#xD; I-13)
                     Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-ʾƎmrayǝs “Vita and Martyrdom of ʾƎmrayǝs” (for 14th Ṭǝrr)
                     (fols. 89va-91ra)&#xD; I-14) Gadl wa-sǝmʾ za-ʾOrni “Vita and martyrdom of
                     ʾOrni” (for 30th Ṭǝrr) (fols. 98va-105vb, 114ra-rb)&#xD; I-15) Gadl wa-sǝmʾ
                     za-Ṗilaṭos “Vita and Martyrdom of Pilate” (for ?) (fols. 107ra-107vb (?),
                     106ra-106vb, 108ra-113rb, incomplete, fols. missing before fol. 107ra)&#xD;
                     I-16) Gadl wa-sǝmʾ za-ʾAtnasewos “Vita and Martyrdom of Athanasius”(for 18th
                     Ḥamle) (fols. 113va-vb, 194ra-196vb)&#xD; I-17) Gadl wa-sǝmʾ za-ʾAbuqir
                     wa-Yoḥannǝs ʾǝḫuhu wa-śalastu dänagǝl “Vita and Martyrdom of ʾAbuqir, his
                     brother John and three virgins” (for 6th Yakkātit) (fols. 114va-120rb),
                     including a miracle (fols. 117va-120rb)&#xD; I-18) Gadl wa-sǝmʾ za-Filmon “Vita
                     and Martyrdom of Philemon” (for 20th? Yakkātit) (fols. 121ra-127rb)&#xD; I-19)
                     Gadl wa-sǝmʾ za-Tewodoṭos “Vita and Martyrdom of Theodotus” (for 7th Maggābit)
                     (fols. 127va-133va)&#xD; I-20) Gadl wa-sǝmʾ za-40 ḥara za-Qäṗädoqya “Vita and
                     Martyrdom of 40 soldiers of Cappadocia” (፵፡ ሐራ፡ እለ፡ ተኰነኑ፡ በቀጰዶቅያ: …) (for 13th
                     Maggābit) (fols. 133vb-139vb)&#xD; I-21) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Tewoqriṭos ʾAnagnosṭis
                     “Vita and Martyrdom of Theocritus the Reader” (for 17th Maggābit) (fols.
                     140ra-150va)&#xD; I-22) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Giyorgis “Vita and Martyrdom of George”
                     (for 23th Miyāzyā) (fols. 150vb-161vb, 208ra), followed by an appendix on the
                     Jews (በፍቅሩ፡ ለጊዮርጊስ፡ ዘአምነት፡ አይሁዳዊት፡ ወእምአዋልደ፡ እስራኤል፡…) (cp. also Orient. 686,
                     fol. 178ra) (fols. 208ra-208vb)&#xD; I-23) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Yoḥannǝs za-Sǝnhut
                     “Vita and Martyrdom of John from Sǝnhut” (for 8th Gǝnbot)” (fols.
                     168ra-176rb)&#xD; I-24) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-ʾAfǝmya “Vita and Martyrdom of
                     Euphemia” (for 11th Gǝnbot) (fols. 176va-182ra)&#xD; I-25) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ
                     za-[ḥara] ʾArǝrinosofis wa-Ṗeṭros wa-ʾƎskǝryon (“Vita and Martyrdom of the
                     soldiers ʾArsenofis, Peter and ʾƎskǝryon” (cp. Orient. 686, fol. 233vc) (for
                     19th Sane) (fols. 182rb-187va)&#xD; I-26) Homily on the martyrdom of the
                     prefect Pilate (“Ṗilaṭos mäsfǝn”) from “Rome”, by St Cyriacus of Behnesa (for
                     25 Sane) (ድርሳን፡ ዘደረሰ፡ አቡነ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ወብፁዕ፡ አባ፡ ህርያቆስ፡ ዘሀገረ፡ ብህነሴ፡ በእንተ፡ ዘኮነ፡ ስምዐ፡
                     ጲላጦስ፡ መስፍን፡ በብሔረ፡ ሮሜ፡...) (fols. 188ra-193vb, incomplete [text missing after
                     fol. 193vb])&#xD; I-27) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-ʾabba Nob za-Nǝhisa “Vita and Martyrdom
                     of ʾabbā Nob from Nǝhisa” (for 24th Ḥamle) (fols. 197ra-201vb,
                     212ra-222rb)&#xD; I-28) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Yoḥannǝs walda Ḍärabi “Vita and
                     Martyrdom of John, the son of Serapion" (fols. 202ra-207vb, 209ra-rb) (cp.
                     Orient. 686, fol. 215r)&#xD; I-29) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Ṗisṭis, ʾAlaṗis wa-ʾAgaṗis
                     wa-ʾǝmmon Sofya “Vita and Martyrdom of Pistis, Elpis and Agape and their Mother
                     Sophia” (for the 1st Naḥāse) (fols. 223ra-228vb)&#xD; I-30) Gadl wa- sǝmʿ
                     za-Mäkǝbyu wa-[7]-däqiqa (ba-hagärä ʾAnṣokiya)” Vita and Martyrdom of Maccabees
                     and her 7 sons (at Antioch)” (for 8th of Naḥāse) (fols. 229ra-236ra)&#xD; I-31)
                     Gadl wa- sǝmʿ za-Ḥarusṭǝfurus wa-2-ʾanǝst “Vita and Martyrdom of Christopher
                     and Two Women” (for 10th Naḥāse) (fols. 236rb-239vb, 257ra-257vb)&#xD; I-32)
                     Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Krǝsṭina walatta Rǝbänos “Vita and Martyrdom of Chistina,
                     Daughter of Rǝbänos” [for 15th Naḥāse] (fols. 262va-vb, 246ra-vb, 256ra-vb,
                     239ra-245vb, 263ra-va)&#xD; I-33) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-ʾƎnṭawos “Vita and Martyrdom
                     of ʾƎnṭawos” [for 17th Naḥāse] (fols. 263vb, 247ra-252vb, 254ra-rb l.10)&#xD;
                     I-34) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-ʾƎndryanos wa-bǝʾsitu ʾƎnṭilya wa-kalǝʾan 24 “Vita and
                     Martyrdom of Adrian, his wife Anatolia, and 24 others” (for 25th Naḥāse) (fols.
                     254ra-255vb, 264ra-266vb, 268ra-268vb, 267ra-267vb, incomplete [text missing
                     between fol. 255vb and fol. 264ra = Orient. 686, fols. 282ra l.31-283ra
                     l.32])&#xD; I-35) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Basǝliqos “Vita and Martyrdom of Basǝliqos”
                     (for the 14th Naḥāse) (fols. 258ra-262rb)&#xD; I-36) Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-Hernewos
                     ṗāṗās za-Sorǝm “Vita and Martyrdom of Irenaeus of Sirmium” (for 29th Naḥāse)
                     (fols. 270ra-va)&#xD; &#xD; Additiones 1-2.</summary>
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                     <note>- Some folios are missing and many are misplaced.</note>
                     <note>For the reconstruction of the texts, the following Mss., containing
                        almost the same texts or some of them, have been consulted and compared
                           with<ref type="mss" corresp="ESaqg005">AQG-005</ref>: Orient. 686 (cp.
                        WrBriMus 167, n<locus target="#257">257</locus>), Orient.<ref type="mss" corresp="ES687688">687-688</ref>(cp. WrBriMus 167, n<locus target="#257">257</locus>). The Catalague of Wright (WrBriMus) has been used as
                        reference for some of the saints names and the commemoration dates.</note>
                     <note>- On <locus target="#270va">270va-</locus>vb, after Text I-36, a long
                        Subscriptio concludes the entire work:</note>
                     <note>[<locus target="#270va">270va</locus>] ተፈጸመ፡ በዝየ፡ ገድሎሙ፡ ለቅዱሳን፡ ሰማዕት፡ እለ፡
                        ተሣየጡ፡ በሞት፡ ሕይወት፨ ... ወአጽሐፊሁሰ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ መጽሓፍ፡ አቡነ፡ &lt;…&gt; ረባን፡ አበ፡ መነኮሳት፡ ...
                           [<locus target="#270vb">270vb</locus>] ምስለ፡ ጸሓፊሁ፡ ሳሙኤል፡ … ወምስለ፡ አኃው፡
                        ዘደብረ፡&lt;…&gt; ….</note>
                     <note>The note mentions the commissioner, whose name here is erased. He must be
                        the afore mentioned ʾabuna Ṗeṭros who is mentioned in the exhortations
                        throughout the Ms. In the subscriptio, after the erasure there are the
                        titles räban (“master”; s. also on <locus target="#262rb">262rb</locus>) and
                        ʾabä mänäkosat (“the head of the monks”). They are probably referred to
                        Filǝṗṗos (s. above), the ʾabuna Ṗeṭros' "father". At the end of the note,
                        there is the mention of the scribe Sāmuʾel, to whom some of the exhortations
                        are dedicated, and of the "brothers of the däbr" from where most probably
                        also the commissioner and the scribe come.</note>
                     <note/>
                     <note>- Some of the gädl (i.e. I-1, I-2, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-15, I-17, I-21,
                        I-22, I-23, I-27, I-28 ) end with a final note with the concluding formula
                        “ተፈጸመ፡ (or ተፈጸመ፡ ብዝየ፡) ገድሉ፡…” of the text, followed sometimes by the
                        commemoration dates of the saints to whom the text is dedicated, or also by
                        supplication formulas.</note>
                     <note>These final notes are alone or are followed by exhortation notes, short
                        or extended, (ጸልዩ፡ ለዘ…) for the commissioner (sometimes also for his
                        children, or for the children of his place), for the scribe, the reader, the
                        translator of the gädl, and for the ones who believe and make the “tazkār”
                        of the saints to whom the gädl is dedicated. These exhortations are after
                        the majority of the texts (i.e. I-1, I-2 I-3 I-4 I-5, I-6 I-8, I-9, I-10
                        I-11, I-12, I-13, I-16, I-17, I-18, I-19, I-20, I-21, I-23, I-24, I-25,
                        I-27, I-29, I-30, I-31, I-32, I-33, I-34, I-35).</note>
                     <note/>
                     <note>- About the scribe and the mention of his name in the above mentioned
                        exhortation notes, s. above in “short content”. On <locus target="#23rb">23rb</locus>, in the exhortation at the end of Text I-2, the name of the
                        scribe has been erased.</note>
                     <note>- In the exhortation notes on <locus target="#89rb">89rb</locus>, 91ra,
                        98rb, 114rb, 120ra, 127rb, respectively at the end of Texts I-12, I-13,
                        I-11, I-14, I-17, I-18, the commissioner, ʾAbuna Ṗeṭros, is said to be
                        “lover of the Gadla sämaʿtat” (መፍቀሬ፡ ገድሎሙ፡ ለሰማዕታት).</note>
                     <note>On <locus target="#127rb">127rb</locus>, it is also written that he is
                        the “master of the ‘temple’” (መምህረ፡ አላዳስ).</note>
                     <note>On <locus target="#41vb">41vb</locus>,150va, he is mentioned as: ʾabuna
                        Ṗeṭros za-Dabra Mämhǝr.</note>
                     <note>About the mention of the commissioner on the other folios, s. above in
                        “short content”.</note>
                     <note/>
                     <note>Details on some texts:</note>
                     <note>- Text I-4. The miracles are not numbered.</note>
                     <note>- Text I-25. On <locus target="#187va">187va</locus>, at the end of the
                        text, as the month of the commemoration date for the martyrs ʾArǝrinosofis,
                        Peter and ʾƎskǝryon, is written Ṗäsini (ጰሲኒ), instead of the Ethiopian name
                        ሰኔ.</note>
                     <note>Comparing the same text in, e.g., Orient. 686, the month at the same
                        passage is written as Ṗahin/Ṗaḥin (ጳሂን/ጳሒን). Ṗaḥin (c. Dillmann Lexicon, p.
                        1251) is the Ethiopian name for Paōni, the 10th month of the Coptic
                        Calendar, which corresponds to the Ethiopian month Sane.</note>
                     <note>In the text of<ref type="mss" corresp="ESaqg005">AQG-005</ref>, Ṗäsini
                        might appear phonetically more similar to the 9th month (in Sahidic) of the
                        Coptic calendar, i.e. Pašons (s. CE II, 439). It also look as if it is an
                        assimilation (scribe mistake?) of ጰ (from the Coptic month) and ሲኒ (from
                        ሰኔ).</note>
                     <note>At the left margin of the Coptic month, probably as cue for the
                        rubricator, is annotated the letter ግ.</note>
                     <note>- Text I-27. On <locus target="#222rb">222rb</locus>, the text ends with
                        the colophon of the work with the mention of Metropolitan ʾAbbā salāma
                        (Metropolitan from 1350 or 1348; cp. EAE IV, 488-89) and its work of
                        translation from Arabic into Gǝʿǝz.</note>
                     <note>At the end of the colophon, the date “1079 from the ‘Years of the
                        Martyrs’ (እመዋዕለ፡ ሰማዕት)” is indicated. It is not clear if it refers to the
                        year when ʾAbbā salāma translated the text. According to the “Chronologie”
                        of Chaine, this date, 1079 E.M.D., should corresponds to 1363 A.D. (cp.
                        ChChron, 161).</note>
                     <note>- Text I-16. On <locus target="#196va">196va</locus>, at the end of text,
                        as month of the commemoration date of the martyr ʾAtnasewos, it is given the
                        month ʾIyolyu (ኢዮልዩ) and after it Ḥamle, mentioned as the correspondent
                        month in Gǝʿǝz. ʾIyolyu appears phonetically very similar to “Iulius”, the
                        Latin name for the month July.</note>
                     <note>- Text I-30. On <locus target="#236ra">236ra</locus>, at the end of text,
                        as month of the commemoration date of the martyr Maccabees and her 7 sons,
                        it is written ʾAwgusṭos (አውግስጦስ). This name is mentioned as month in the
                        byzantine calendar (በአውራኅ፡ ሮሜ); the same is on <locus target="#273rb">273rb</locus> in Orient. 686.</note>
                  </msItem>
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                        <support>
                           <material key="parchment"/>
                        </support>
                        <extent>Made of <measure unit="leaf">270.0</measure> folios, of which
                              <measure unit="leaf" type="blank"/> blank 1r, 91rb, 222v, 253r, in
                              <measure unit="quire"/> quires . <dimensions type="outer">
                              <height unit="mm">405</height>
                              <width unit="mm">265</width>
                              <depth unit="mm">165</depth>
                           </dimensions>
                        </extent>
                        <foliation><!--2016-10-18+02:00 Updated AQG-005 from DomLib--></foliation>
                        <collation>The structure of quires cannot be determined due to the poor
                           condition of the Ms. <signatures>
                              <note>- Quire marks (recent?) are written (in black) in the upper left
                                 margin of a few fols.: &#xD; <locus target="#74r">74r</locus>: ፰;
                                    <locus target="#82r">82r</locus>: ፱; <locus target="#122r">122r</locus>: ፲፬; <locus target="#130r">130r</locus>: ፲፭;
                                    <locus target="#146r">146r</locus>: ፲፯.</note>
                           </signatures>
                        </collation>
                        <condition key="deficient">The front board is broken and the back is
                           missing; the original sewing is for the most part missing. The Ms. has
                           been wrongly rearranged and resewn.&#xD; Many fols. are missing and some
                           are misplaced. &#xD; Many fols. are affected by humidity and stained with
                           dirt; some parts of text are illegible (e.g., <locus target="#177rb">177rb</locus>, 177ra, 267va, 268rb).&#xD; The bottom part of <locus from="242" to="268">242-268</locus> seems damaged by rodents.&#xD; f.
                           1 is damaged.&#xD; Cuts repaired, e.g., on <locus target="#67">67</locus>, 149, 174, 221.&#xD; Some fols. seem to have been cut at the
                           bottom: e.g., <locus target="#123">123</locus>, 128, 133,
                           134.</condition>
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                           <dimensions unit="mm">
                              <height>310</height>
                              <width>210</width>
                              <dim type="intercolumn">20</dim>
                           </dimensions>
                           <dimensions type="margin">
                              <dim type="top">32</dim>
                              <dim type="bottom">66</dim>
                              <dim type="right">48</dim>
                              <dim type="left">16</dim>
                              <dim type="intercolumn">20</dim>
                           </dimensions>
                           <note>All data are for <locus target="#3r">3r</locus>
                           </note>
                           <ab type="ruling">the number of the lines is very irregular</ab>
                           <ab type="pricking">Pricking and ruling are visible.</ab>
                           <ab type="ruling" subtype="pattern"> Ruling pattern:
                              1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.</ab>
                           <ab type="pricking"> Primary pricks are visible.</ab>
                           <ab type="pricking"> Ruling pricks are visible.</ab>
                           <ab type="ruling"> The upper line is written below the ruling (above on
                              many fols., e.g. 1-59, 65, 74-81, 107-112, 115r-119r, 201-208).</ab>
                           <ab type="ruling"> The bottom line is written above the ruling.</ab>
                           <ab type="ruling"> One or two upper ruled lines were not used by the
                              scribe on <locus target="#98r">98r</locus>, 114r, 227r, 234v,
                              235r.</ab>
                        </layout>
                        <layout>
                           <ab type="CruxAnsata">
                              <locus target="#182r"/>
                           </ab>
                           <ab type="coronis">
                              <locus target="#23r #57v #120r"/>
                           </ab>
                        </layout>
                     </layoutDesc>
                  </objectDesc>
                  <handDesc>
                     <!--ACHTUNG! first HandNote comes from writing system in Ethiospare. the others are one for each CHANGE OF HAND-->
                     <handNote xml:id="h1" script="Ethiopic">
                        <seg type="script">Irregular</seg>
                        <seg type="ink">Black; red (vivid vermillion).</seg>
                        <persName role="scribe" ref="PRS00000">Sāmuʾel</persName>Sāmuʾel is
                        mentioned as the scribe in the exhortation after Texts I-27 (<locus target="#222rb">222rb</locus>), I-33 (<locus target="#254rb">254rb</locus>), I-34 (<locus target="#267vb">267vb</locus>) and in the
                        subscriptio at the end of Text I-36 (<locus target="#271vb">271vb</locus>).&#xD; In the exhortation on <locus target="#176rb">176rb</locus>, the name of Sāmuʾel has been written over erasure (not
                        sure if later).<date>Second half of 15th century (?)</date>
                        <seg type="rubrication">Name of St Mary; name of the commissioner; a few
                           lines, or groups of lines, alternating with black lines, on the incipit
                           (or incipit page) of the texts; the numbers and title of the miracles in
                           Text I-2; the initial words of some subsections; the word haleluya on
                           fol. 163vb; Ethiopic numerals and sometimes their elements; elements of
                           punctuation signs and of coronis; crux ansata with coronis on fol.
                           182r.</seg>
                     </handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h2" script="Ethiopic">The handwriting is characterized by
                        thick strokes and right-sloping letters. It is possible that several hands
                        were involved in writing (cp. <locus from="25v" to="26r">25v-26r</locus>).<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h3" script="Ethiopic"> Some peculiar
                        features:<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h4" script="Ethiopic">
                        Letters:<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h5" script="Ethiopic"> - ጵ has the 6th order marker set up on
                        the vertical stroke at the top, oriented to the left (e.g., <locus target="#67vb">67vb</locus> l.18, 152rb
                        l.1)<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h6" script="Ethiopic"> - ሎ has the 7th order marker attached
                        directly at the body of the letter, without linking line (e.g., <locus target="#13rb">13rb</locus>
                        l.4)<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h7" script="Ethiopic"> - the upper horizontal strokes of መ
                        and ሠ, in the 1st order, are slanted to the
                        left<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h8" script="Ethiopic"> - the 6th order marker of the letter የ
                        has a very short and downwards oriented left part, going down below the
                        ruling (e.g., <locus target="#209ra">209ra</locus> l.4, 225va l.14); in the
                        4th order, the marker is short as well and diagonal (e.g., <locus target="#229va">229va</locus> l.11, l.16, 98rb
                        l.11)<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h9" script="Ethiopic"> - ኴ has the loop marking the 5th order
                        open (<locus target="#225ra">225ra</locus> l.1,
                        l.8).<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h10" script="Ethiopic">
                        Numbers:<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h11" script="Ethiopic"> - the numbers are mostly written
                        without dashes
                        <!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h12" script="Ethiopic"> - ፬ is triangular and downwards
                        oriented (e.g., <locus target="#23ra">23ra</locus>)<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h13" script="Ethiopic"> - ፮ is with the loop open, looking
                        like “compressed” ፯ (e.g., <locus target="#35vb">35vb</locus>)<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h14" script="Ethiopic"> - ፪ has the loops closed, not
                        separated<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h15" script="Ethiopic"> - ፼ has the ligature (e.g., <locus target="#18rb">18rb</locus>).<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h16" script="Ethiopic">
                        Punctuation:<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h17" script="Ethiopic"> - Crux ansata and coronis (together
                        or separated) are in the margins of some texts: on <locus target="#182r">182r</locus>, the crux ansata with coronis marking the beginning; on
                           <locus target="#23r">23r</locus>, 57v, 120r, 139v, the coronis used as
                        caesura<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h18" script="Ethiopic"> - sentence dividers are accompanied
                        by the paragraph signs (throughout the
                        Ms.).<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h19" script="Ethiopic">
                        Other:<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h20" script="Ethiopic"> - The word እግዚአብሔር is usually written
                        እግዚኣብሐር (the second አ in the 4th order). The same word sometimes is written
                        with the ligature (e.g., <locus target="#113rb">113rb</locus>
                        l.28)<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                     <handNote xml:id="h21" script="Ethiopic"> - the size of the letters and columns
                        (s., e.g., <locus from="25v" to="26r">25v-26r</locus>).<!--The names of this hands need to be replaced by appropriate refs.--></handNote>
                  </handDesc>
                  <decoDesc>

                     <decoNote type="frame" xml:id="d1">
                        <locus target="#2r">2r</locus> (incipit page of Text I-1): elaborate,
                        coloured (red, blue, yellow, white), ornamental frame, with an horizontal
                        band reaching the top of the page, and three vertical extensions reaching a
                        second horizontal band at the bottom of the page; interlaces.</decoNote>
                     <decoNote type="frame" xml:id="d2">
                        <locus target="#13v">13v</locus>, 23v, 32r, 36r, 50r, 54r, 58r, 72v, 82v,
                        89v, 91v, 98v, 113v, 114va, 127v, 133vb, 140ra, 150vb, 168r, 176v, 188r,
                        197r, 202r, 223r, 229r, 258r, 262v (incipit or incipit pages of Texts I-2,
                        I-3, I-4, I-5, I-7, I-8, I-9, I-11, I-12, I-13, I-10, I-14, I-16 I-17, I-19,
                        I-20, I-21, I-22, I-23, I-24, I-26, I-27; I-28, I-29, I-30, I-35, I-32):
                        coloured (red, green, blue, yellow, white), ornamental band, with three
                        vertical extensions reaching the middle of the page; the horizontal band
                        reaches the top of the page; interlaces, crosses.</decoNote>
                     <decoNote type="frame" xml:id="d3">
                        <locus target="#42r">42r</locus> (incipit page of Text I-6): elaborate,
                        coloured (red, green, yellow, white), ornamental band with three vertical
                        extensions reaching the bottom of the page; the horizontal band extends to
                        the top of the page; interlaces, crosses, geometric motifs.</decoNote>
                     <decoNote type="frame" xml:id="d4">
                        <locus target="#121ra">121ra</locus>, 182rb, 236rb, 263vb, 270r (incipits or
                        incipit page of Texts I-18, I-25, I-31, I-33, I-36): simple, coloured (red,
                        blue, yellow, white) ornamental band; interlaces.</decoNote>
                     <decoNote type="miniature" xml:id="d5">
                        <locus target="#1v">Fol. 1v: </locus>
                        <desc>Decorated hand cross within an ornamental frame.</desc>The cross and
                        the frame are decorated (inlays, geometric motifs) and coloured (red,
                        yellow, green) as the decorative bands at the incipit page of each
                        text.&#xD; The miniature is only partially visible, because the fol., on the
                        left part, is damaged.</decoNote>
                     <decoNote type="miniature" xml:id="d6">
                        <locus target="#253v">Fol. 253v: </locus>
                        <desc>Decorated hand cross within an ornamental frame.</desc>The cross and
                        the frame are decorated (inlays, geometric motifs) and coloured (red,
                        yellow, white) as the decorative bands at the incipit page of each
                        text.&#xD; An ownership note has been written in a secondary hand (?) above
                        the cross (s. Additio 2).</decoNote>
                  </decoDesc>
                  <additions>
                     <list>
                        <item xml:id="a1">
                           <locus target="#120va">f. 120va</locus>
                           <desc>-vb: Exhortation to pray for priest Thomas.</desc>
                           <q xml:lang="gez">
                              <locus target="#120va">120va</locus>: ጸልዩ፡ ሎቱ፡ አንትሙ፡ ውሉደ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡
                              ዓቢይ፡ ወንኡስ፡ በኅብረተ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ለአቡክሙ፡ ቶማስ፡ ቀሲስ።…</q>
                           <note> The note is written in a more recent secondary hand. </note>
                        </item>
                        <item xml:id="a2">
                           <locus target="#253v">f. 253v</locus>
                           <desc>: Ownership note. </desc>
                           <q xml:lang="gez">
                              <locus target="#253v">253v</locus>: ዝመጽሐፍ፡ ዘአድ፡ ቋልቋል፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡
                              ዘተሳየጦ፡ በወርቁ፡ ክፍ[sic] ዘአቡነ፡ [ገብረ፡ ክር]ስቶስ፡</q> The note, partly unclear
                           and possibly unfinished, has been written within the frame of the
                           ornamental cross (above left side). The note states that the book is
                           property of the church of ʿAddi Qolqʷal Giyorgis (ʾAd Qʷalqʷal),
                           purchased by ʾabuna<note> Gabra Krǝstos. Additio 2 of AQG-003 is written
                              in the same hand. </note>
                        </item>
                        <item xml:id="e1">- The note ገድለ፡ ሰማዕታት፡ ብርእየ፡ ሥመሪ፡ is written in the bottom
                           margin of <locus target="#51r">51r</locus>, probably in a secondary
                           hand.&#xD; - The title ገድለ፡ ሰማዕ[sic] is written, in a secondary hand, at
                           the edge of the bottom margin on <locus target="#73r">73r</locus>.&#xD; -
                              <locus target="#120vb">120vb</locus>: crude and recent note, after
                           Text I-17, repeating the incipit of Text I-18 on <locus target="#121ra">121ra</locus>. &#xD; - Cues for the rubricator (numerals) throughout
                           the Ms.&#xD; - Corrections (words or letters) written interlineally:
                              <locus target="#58rb">58rb</locus>, 60va, 74ra, 135va.&#xD; -
                           Correction written over erasure: <locus target="#38ra">38ra</locus>.&#xD;
                           - Compressed script: <locus target="#35vb">35vb</locus>, 41va, 53vb,
                           89rb, 113rb, 263va.&#xD; - Pen trial: <locus target="#222v">222v</locus>.&#xD; - Crude notes and drawings in pen or pencil in the
                           margins and on the inner front board: e.g., <locus target="#12r">12r</locus>, 18r, 31r, 32r, 57r, 75r, 137r, 143r, 202r.</item>
                        <item xml:id="e2"><!--2019-04-02+02:00 Updated AQG-005 
            from DomLib -->
                           <desc type="findingAid">- Monthly readings are indicated by the
                              commemoration dates of the martyrs in the upper margin, written in
                              red, in the main hand: n.l.: <locus target="#2r">fol. 2r</locus> አመ፡
                              ፲፬ለታኅሣሥ: <locus target="#13v">fol. 13v</locus> አመ፡፲፭ለታኅሣሥ: <locus target="#23v">fol. 23v</locus> አመ፡ {፲፰።} ለታኅሣሥ።: <locus target="#32r">fol. 32r</locus> አመ[፡] ፳፭ለታኅሣሥ: <locus target="#36r">fol. 36r</locus> አመ፡ ፳፯ለሚያዝያ፡ ምንባብ።: <locus target="#42r">fol.
                                 42r</locus> አመ፡ ፳፮ለታኅሣሥ፡: <locus target="#50r">fol. 50r</locus> አመ:
                              ፲፪ለታኅሣሥ፡: <locus target="#58r">fol. 58r</locus> አመ፡ ፴ለጥር፡: <locus target="#72v">fol. 72v</locus> አመ፡ ፲ወ፫፡ ለጥር።: <locus target="#82v">fol. 82v</locus> አመ፡ ፲፬ለጥር።: <locus target="#89v">fol. 89v</locus>
                              አመ፡ ፲፭ለጥር፡: <locus target="#91v">fol. 91v</locus> አመ፡ ፴፡ ለጥር፡: <locus target="#98v">fol. 98v</locus> አመ፡ ፲፰ለኃምሌ፡ ምንባብ: <locus target="#113v">fol. 113v</locus> አመ፡ ፮ለየካቲት።: <locus target="#114v">fol. 114v</locus> አመ፡ ፳፡ ለየካቲት።: <locus target="#121r">fol.
                                 121r</locus> አመ፯ለመጋቢት: <locus target="#127v">fol. 127v</locus> አመ፡
                              ፲፫ለየካቲት።: <locus target="#133v">fol. 133v</locus> አመ፡ ፲፯፡ ለመጋቢት።:
                                 <locus target="#140r">fol. 140r</locus> አመ፡ ፳ወ፫፡ ለሚያዝያ።: <locus target="#150v">fol. 150v</locus> አመ፡ ፰ለግንቦት፡ ምንባብ።: <locus target="#167v">fol. 167v</locus> አመ፡ ፲፩፡ ለግንቦት፡ ምንባብ።: <locus target="#176v">fol. 176v</locus> አመ፡ ፲ወ፱፡ ለሰኔ።: <locus target="#182r">fol. 182r</locus> አመ፡ ፳ወ፭፡ ለሰኔ፡ ጲላጦስ፡ መስፍን።: <locus target="#187vb">fol. 187vb</locus> አመ፡ ፳፬፡ ለኃምሌ፡ ምንባብ፡: <locus target="#197r">fol. 197r</locus> አመ፡ ፳፮ : ለሚያዝያ: (?) <locus target="#202r">fol. 202r</locus> አመ፡ ፩ለነኃሲ፡ <locus target="#223r">fol. 223r</locus> አመ፡ ፰ለነኃሲ፡ ምንባብ፡ <locus target="#229r">fol.
                                 229r</locus> አመ፡ ፲፡ ለነኃሢ። <locus target="#236r">fol. 236r</locus>
                              አመ፡ ፳ወ፭ለነኃሢ፡ ምንባብ።: <locus target="#254r">fol. 254r</locus> አመ፡
                              ፲፬ለነኃሢ፡: <locus target="#258r">fol. 258r</locus> አመ፡ ፲፭[ለነ]ኃሢ፡: <locus target="#262v">fol. 262v</locus> አመ፡ ፲ወ፯፡ ለነኃሢ፡ <locus target="#263v">fol. 263v</locus>.</desc>
                        </item>
                     </list>
                  </additions>
                  <bindingDesc>
                     <binding contemporary="partly">
                        <decoNote xml:id="b1">Two wooden boards (the front bord is broken; the back
                           is missing)&#xD; Two pairs of sewing stations.</decoNote>
                        <decoNote xml:id="b2" type="bindingMaterial">
                           <material key="wood"/>
                        </decoNote>
                        <decoNote xml:id="b3" type="Endbands"/>
                        <decoNote xml:id="b4" type="Other">Some of the quires are reinforced by
                           parchment guards.&#xD; On the front board possibly traces of leather
                           cover.&#xD; Recent threads for the sewing are visible on some fols.
                           (e.g., between <locus from="55v" to="56r">55v-56r</locus> and on <locus target="#122v">122v</locus>, 123v, 125v, 144v).</decoNote>
                     </binding>
                  </bindingDesc>
               </physDesc>
               <history>
                  <origin>
                     <origPlace>
                        <placeName ref="INS0097AQG"/>
                     </origPlace>
                     <origDate notBefore="1450" notAfter="1500">If we suppose that the Ms. was
                        commissioned by ʾabuna Ṗeṭros from Dabra Bizän (s. above), the date of its
                        production may be collocated in the second half of the 15th
                        century.</origDate>
                  </origin>
                  <provenance>&gt; <roleName type="title">ʾAbuna</roleName> Ṗeṭros is mentioned as
                     the commissioner in the subscriptio at the end of Text I-36 and in the
                     exhortations at the end of the most texts. In many of them, his name is
                     mentioned together with the name of his monastery (i.e. <roleName type="title">ʾabuna</roleName> Ṗeṭros za-Dabra &lt;…&gt;), which is however always
                     partly erased. On <locus target="#13rb">13rb</locus> (Text I-1) the last letter
                     of the name is readable(ደብረ፡ &lt;…&gt;ን).&#xD; On <locus target="#228vb">228vb</locus>, 254ra, 262rb, it is said that he is the son (disciple) of
                        <roleName type="title">ʾabuna</roleName> Filǝṗos, named the “righteous”
                     (“ṣadǝq”, <locus target="#254rb">254rb</locus>) and the “teacher” (“räban”,
                        <locus target="#262rb">262rb</locus>, 270va). Considering this date and the
                     small clue on <locus target="#13rb">13rb</locus>, it might be possible suppose
                     that the monastery of <roleName type="title">ʾabuna</roleName> Ṗeṭros and where
                     this Ms. was originated is Dabra Bizän (in Eritrea). The founder of this
                     monastery was the monk Filǝṗos (1322/23-1406; cp. EAE II, 15-17). &#xD; On
                        <locus target="#57vb">57vb</locus>, <roleName type="title">ʾabuna</roleName>
                     Ṗeṭros is mentioned as the abbot (ʾabä mǝnet) of his monastery.&#xD; According
                     to an additional note in a Bible Ms. from Dabra Bizän, Ṗeṭros is mentioned as
                     the 4th “mamhǝr” of the monastery, third successor of the founder Filǝṗos. His
                     death is to be collocated between 1488/89 and 1491/92. His predecessor was
                     Säräqä Bǝrhān (d. 1460/61 or 1457/58) (cp. Schneider, in AÉ 1978,
                     138-39).</provenance>
               </history>
               <additional>
                  <adminInfo>
                     <recordHist>
                        <source>
                           <listBibl type="catalogue">
                              <bibl>
                                 <ptr target="bm:EthioSpare"/>
                              </bibl>
                           </listBibl>
                        </source>
                     </recordHist>
                     <custodialHist>
                        <custEvent type="restorations" subtype="modern"/>
                     </custodialHist>
                  </adminInfo>


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         <textClass>
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         <change who="DN" when="2010-11-18">Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript</change>
         <change who="VP" when="2014-09-23">catalogued</change>
         <change who="DN" when="2015-11-07">last edited</change>
         <change who="PL" when="2016-05-10">transformed from mycore to TEI P5</change>
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