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LOC1022Abbay.xml
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LOC1022Abbay.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BetaMasaheft/Schema/master/tei-betamesaheft.rng"
schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BetaMasaheft/Schema/master/tei-betamesaheft.rng"
type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="place" xml:lang="en" xml:id="LOC1022Abbay">
<teiHeader xml:base="https://betamasaheft.eu/">
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>ʾAbbāy</title>
<author/>
<editor role="generalEditor" key="AB"/>
<editor key="SG"/>
<funder>Akademie der Wissenschaften in Hamburg</funder>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>Gazetteer of Places related to Ethiopian Written tradition, Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik</authority>
<pubPlace>Hamburg</pubPlace>
<publisher>Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft</publisher>
<availability>
<licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">
<p> This file is licensed
under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. </p>
</licence>
</availability>
<date>2016-03-21</date>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<p>A TEI file converted from the ETHIO-authority
google spreadsheet</p>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BetaMasaheft/Documentation/master/prefixDef.xml">
<xi:fallback>
<p>Definitions of prefixes used.</p>
</xi:fallback>
</xi:include>
</encodingDesc>
<profileDesc>
<langUsage><language ident="en">English</language><language ident="gez">Gǝʿǝz</language></langUsage>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change who="PL" when="2016-04-27">harmonized typology based on Eugenia indication in Issue 48.</change>
<change who="PL" when="2016-03-21"> Created file from
google spreadsheet </change>
<change who="ES" when="2016-02-09">CREATED: place</change>
<change who="SG" when="2017-08-29">Complete record</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text xml:base="https://betamasaheft.eu/">
<body>
<listPlace>
<place type="river" sameAs="wd:Q29391314">
<placeName xml:lang="gez" xml:id="n1">አባይ፡</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="gez" corresp="#n1" type="normalized">ʾAbbāy</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="gez" xml:id="n2">ዓባይ</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="gez" corresp="#n2" type="normalized"> ʿAbbāy</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="gez" xml:id="n3">ዓባዊ፡</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="gez" corresp="#n3" type="normalized"> ʿAbbāwi</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en" xml:id="n4" type="alt">Blue Nile</placeName>
<state type="existence" ref="Paks2"/>
<country ref="LOC3010Ethiop"/>
<listBibl type="secondary">
<bibl>
<ptr target="bm:Solomon2016Galawdewos"/>
</bibl>
<bibl>
<ptr target="bm:Conzelman1895Galawdewos"/>
</bibl>
<bibl>
<ptr target="bm:Erlich2003Abbay"/>
</bibl>
<bibl>
<ptr target="bm:Erlich2002Cross"/>
</bibl>
<bibl>
<ptr target="bm:Solomon2015Galawdewos"/>
<citedRange unit="page">109-118</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl>
<ptr target="bm:Huntingford1987Historicalgeo"/>
<citedRange unit="page">23, 24, 30, 31, 33, 34, 52, 68, 69, 71-73, 79-81, 88, 92, 93, 95, 96, 105, 119, 129,
133, 138-144, 147, 152-154, 156-159, 164, 165, 167, 169, 172, 173, 175-177, 181, 186, 188, 190, 191, 197, 198, 200-202, 204-213, 216, 217, 219-222,
224-229, 232, 234, 250, 256</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
<note>
<ab type="history">
The Blue Nile is a river originating at <placeName ref="LOC5888Tana"/> in <placeName ref="LOC3010Ethiop"/>.
With the <placeName ref="LOC6875WhiteNile"/>, ʾAbbāy becomes one of the two major tributaries of the <placeName ref="LOC6876Nile"/>.
It has been identified by some Ethiopians as the river <placeName ref="wd:Q911109"/> mentioned as flowing out of the <placeName ref="wd:Q19014"/> as it is mentioned
in the <ref type="work" corresp="LIT1219Bible"/> encircling the entire land of <placeName ref="wd:Q1138595"/>. The Blue Nile has been a bone of contention historically
in the long multifaced Ethiopian-Egyptian relationship. While <placeName ref="LOC2804Egypt"/> depended on <placeName ref="LOC3010Ethiop"/> for its waters,
<placeName ref="LOC3010Ethiop"/> depended on the Egyptian Coptic Church as the sources of patriarchal Authority and her metropolitan. This mutuality has shaped events since
the 11th century. It reached an early crisis during the time of King <persName ref="PRS6152Lalibala"/> whom the Egyptian suspected diverting the river,
even though his kingdom never reached ʾAbbāy. It was
<persName ref="PRS1854Amdase">
<roleName type="title">ʾaṣe</roleName>
</persName>
who first occupied the basin of the ʾAbbāy and began spreading Christianity there. The Medieval emperors of the Solomonic dynasty, especially <persName ref="PRS3429DawitII"/>,
<persName ref="PRS10342Yeshaq"/> and <persName ref="PRS10626ZaraY"/> went asserting <placeName ref="LOC3010Ethiop"/>'s
control of the river as a tool in her international relations. Though the threat of blocking the ʾAbbāy proved very effective for centuries in safeguarding the
appointment of the Egyptian metropolitans, in practice, a diversion, or even the use of ʾAbbāy waters was never attempted. Under <persName ref="PRS6670Mangestu"/>
especially during <date>1977-1978 </date>
<placeName ref="LOC5040Ogaden"/> war <placeName ref="LOC3010Ethiop"/>
returned to direct threats about blocking ʾAbbāy. However, a more constructive dialogue between <placeName ref="LOC3010Ethiop"/> and
<placeName ref="LOC2804Egypt"/> has begun in the <date>1990</date>s. While <placeName ref="LOC2804Egypt"/> still insists on her historic rights
over all waters <placeName ref="LOC3010Ethiop"/> persists in demanding her equitable share in a river she had once thought to dominate.
</ab>
</note>
</place>
<listRelation>
<relation name="gn:locatedIn" active="LOC1022Abbay" passive="LOC3549Gojjam"/>
</listRelation>
</listPlace>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>