-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
LOC6568Amhara.xml
131 lines (129 loc) · 9.4 KB
/
LOC6568Amhara.xml
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BetaMasaheft/Schema/master/tei-betamesaheft.rng"
schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"
?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BetaMasaheft/Schema/master/tei-betamesaheft.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="LOC6568Amhara" type="place">
<teiHeader xml:base="https://betamasaheft.eu/">
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>ʾAmharā</title>
<editor role="generalEditor" key="AB"/>
<funder>Akademie der Wissenschaften in Hamburg</funder>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik</authority>
<publisher>Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft</publisher>
<pubPlace>Hamburg</pubPlace>
<availability>
<licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"> This file is
licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. </licence>
</availability>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<p>A TEI file created from original data</p>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BetaMasaheft/Documentation/master/prefixDef.xml">
<xi:fallback>
<p>Definitions of prefixes used.</p>
</xi:fallback>
</xi:include>
</encodingDesc>
<profileDesc>
<langUsage><language ident="en">English</language><language ident="gez">Gǝʿǝz</language></langUsage>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change when="2017-01-13" who="FP">completed record</change>
<change when="2017-01-11" who="FP">added info</change>
<change who="FP" when="2016-10-18">CREATED: place</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text xml:base="https://betamasaheft.eu/">
<body>
<listPlace>
<place type="area kingdom">
<placeName xml:id="n1" xml:lang="gez">አምሐራ፡</placeName>
<placeName corresp="#n1" xml:lang="gez" type="normalized">ʾAmḥarā</placeName>
<placeName xml:id="n2" xml:lang="gez" type="alt">አምኀራ፡</placeName>
<placeName corresp="#n2" xml:lang="gez" type="normalized">ʾAmḫarā</placeName>
<placeName xml:id="n3" xml:lang="gez" type="alt">አማራ፡</placeName>
<placeName corresp="#n3" xml:lang="gez" type="normalized">ʾAmārā</placeName>
<country ref="LOC3010Ethiop"/>
<location>
<geo>11.0000 39.2500</geo>
</location>
<listBibl type="secondary">
<bibl>
<ptr target="bm:Nosnitsin2014EnAeAmhara"/>
</bibl>
<bibl>
<ptr target="bm:MantelNiecko2003EnAeAdministrative"/>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
<note>
<ab type="history">ʾAmḥarā is the name of a historical area in central
<placeName ref="LOC3010Ethiop">Ethiopia</placeName>. This place-name
does not appear in the sources of the Aksumite period and its earlierst
preserved mention can be found in a manuscript of the <ref type="work" corresp="LIT4277GoldenG">Golden Gospel</ref> of <placeName ref="INS0341DL">Dabra Libānos</placeName> dating to <date when="1322">1322</date>. These mentions became numerous in Ethiopic
medieval sources and increased over time. The importance of this area
seems to have increased after the fall of the <persName ref="PRS10523Zagwe">Zāgʷe</persName> and the re-establishment of the
Solomonic dynasty in the <date notBefore="1250" notAfter="1300">late
13th century</date>. ʾAmḥarā is also referred to as a "kingdom" in
correspondence between Solomonic and Egyptian rulers, in Arabic
historiography as well as in Medieval European maps. Different sources
give information on the borders and territories of ʾAmḥarā. For instanc
<persName ref="PRS6378Ludolf">Hiob Ludolf</persName>'s Historia
Aethiopica (<date when="1681">1681</date>) situates ʾAmḥarā between the
rivers <placeName ref="LOC1022Abbay">ʾAbbāy</placeName> in the west,
<placeName ref="LOC1797Baselo">Bašǝlo</placeName> in the north,
<placeName ref="LOC1975Borkan">Borkannā</placeName> in the eas and
<placeName ref="LOC4020Kasam">Kasam</placeName> in the south. In the
<date notAfter="1600">pre-17th century</date> Ethiopian empire,
ʾAmḥarā was the heart of the empire and the core of the political and
religious power, protected by the richer but more heterogeneous and
unstable <placeName ref="LOC5597Sawa">Šawā</placeName>. From the <date notBefore="1550" notAfter="1600" precision="low">mid-16th
century</date>, ʾAmḥarā started to decline due to invasio, sacking
and destruction by <persName ref="PRS1522Ahmadb">Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm
al-Ġāzī</persName>'s forces and Oromo groups as well as to religious
and political struggles. The centre of the imperial power moved to the
lake <placeName ref="LOC5888Tana">Ṭānā</placeName> and the physiognomy
of ʾAmḥarā changed, up to its disintegration in the <date notBefore="1850" notAfter="1900">second half of the 19th
century</date>. The territorial concept of historical ʾAmḥarā was
not re-utilised in later administrative divisions of <placeName ref="LOC3010Ethiop">Ethiopia</placeName>: its territories were first
included into the province of <placeName ref="LOC6185Wallo" notAfter="1994">Wallo</placeName> and then divided into the
<placeName ref="LOC6573NorthWallo" notBefore="1994">North
Wallo</placeName> and <placeName ref="LOC6572SouthWallo" notBefore="1994">South Wallo</placeName> zones. </ab>
</note>
</place>
<listRelation>
<relation name="gn:locatedIn" active="LOC1022Abbay" passive="LOC6568Amhara">
<desc>The ʾAbbāy river probably marked one of the borders of the historical ʾAmḥarā territory.</desc>
</relation>
<relation name="gn:locatedIn" active="LOC1797Baselo" passive="LOC6568Amhara">
<desc>The Bašǝlo river probably marked one of the borders of the historical ʾAmḥarā territory.</desc>
</relation>
<relation name="gn:locatedIn" active="LOC1975Borkan" passive="LOC6568Amhara">
<desc>The Borkannā river probably marked one of the borders of the historical ʾAmḥarā territory.</desc>
</relation>
<relation name="gn:locatedIn" active="LOC4020Kasam" passive="LOC6568Amhara">
<desc>The Kasam river probably marked one of the borders of the historical ʾAmḥarā territory.</desc>
</relation>
<relation name="gn:nearBy" active="LOC5597Sawa" passive="LOC6568Amhara">
<desc>Šawā served as the bulwark for protecting ʾAmḥarā.</desc>
</relation>
<relation name="gn:nearBy" active="LOC5888Tana" passive="LOC6568Amhara">
<desc>The centre of the power moved from ʾAmḥarā to the lake Ṭānā region.</desc>
</relation>
<relation name="dcterms:hasPart" active="LOC6185Wallo" passive="LOC6568Amhara">
<desc>The territories of ʾAmḥarā became part of the Wallo province.</desc>
</relation>
<relation name="dcterms:isPartOf" active="LOC6573NorthWallo" passive="LOC6568Amhara">
<desc>Part of the territories of historical ʾAmḥarā are part of the North Wallo Zone.</desc>
</relation>
<relation name="dcterms:hasPart" active="LOC6572SouthWallo" passive="LOC6568Amhara">
<desc>Part of the territories of historical ʾAmḥarā are part of the South Wallo Zone.</desc>
</relation>
</listRelation>
</listPlace>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>