model.py

########################################################################################################
# The RWKV Language Model - https://github.com/BlinkDL/RWKV-LM
########################################################################################################

from typing import Optional
import types, gc, os, time, re
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True
torch.backends.cudnn.allow_tf32 = True
torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True
current_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

########################################################################################################

if os.environ.get('RWKV_JIT_ON') != '0':
    os.environ["RWKV_JIT_ON"] = '1'
    MyModule = torch.jit.ScriptModule
    MyFunction = torch.jit.script_method
    MyStatic = torch.jit.script
else:
    MyModule = torch.nn.Module
    def __nop(ob):
        return ob
    MyFunction = __nop
    MyStatic = __nop

if os.environ.get('RWKV_CUDA_ON') == '1':
    from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load
    try:
        load(
            name=f"wkv_cuda",
            sources=[f"{current_path}/cuda/wrapper.cpp", f"{current_path}/cuda/operators.cu", f"{current_path}/cuda/gemm_fp16_cublas.cpp"],
            verbose=True,
            extra_ldflags=["cublas.lib" if os.name == "nt" else ""],
            extra_cuda_cflags=["--use_fast_math", "-O3", "--extra-device-vectorization"],
            is_python_module=False)
        DISABLE_CUBLAS_GEMM = False
    except:
        print("Failed to build cuBLAS matmul, falling back to torch.matmul. Small model with fp16 will overflow.")
        load(
            name=f"wkv_cuda",
            sources=[f"{current_path}/cuda/wrapper.cpp", f"{current_path}/cuda/operators.cu"],
            verbose=True,
            extra_cuda_cflags=["--use_fast_math", "-O3", "--extra-device-vectorization"],
            extra_cflags=["-DDISABLE_CUBLAS_GEMM"],
            is_python_module=False)
        DISABLE_CUBLAS_GEMM = True

    @MyStatic
    def cuda_wkv(T: int, C: int, w, u, k, v, aa, bb, pp):
        assert 1 * C % min(C, 32) == 0
        assert k.dtype == v.dtype == torch.float16 or k.dtype == v.dtype == torch.float32
        assert w.dtype == u.dtype == aa.dtype == bb.dtype == pp.dtype == torch.float32
        w = w.contiguous()
        u = u.contiguous()
        k = k.contiguous()
        v = v.contiguous()
        y = torch.empty((T, C), device=w.device, memory_format=torch.contiguous_format, dtype=k.dtype)
        torch.ops.rwkv.wkv_forward(1, T, C, w, u, k, v, y, aa, bb, pp)
        return y, aa, bb, pp
    @MyStatic
    def cuda_mm8_seq(B: int, N: int, M: int, x, w, mx, rx, my, ry):
        assert x.dtype == mx.dtype == rx.dtype == my.dtype == ry.dtype
        assert x.dtype == torch.float32 or x.dtype == torch.float16
        assert w.dtype == torch.uint8
        assert x.shape == (B, N)
        assert w.shape == (N, M)
        assert rx.shape == mx.shape == (M,)
        assert ry.shape == my.shape == (N, 1)
        y = torch.empty((B, M), device=w.device, dtype=x.dtype)
        torch.ops.rwkv.mm8_seq(B, N, M, x, w, mx, rx, my, ry, y)
        return y
    @MyStatic
    def cuda_mm8_one(N: int, M: int, x, w, mx, rx, my, ry):
        assert x.dtype == mx.dtype == rx.dtype == my.dtype == ry.dtype
        assert x.dtype == torch.float32 or x.dtype == torch.float16
        assert w.dtype == torch.uint8
        assert x.shape == (N,)
        assert w.shape == (N, M)
        assert rx.shape == mx.shape == (M,)
        assert ry.shape == my.shape == (N, 1)
        y = torch.zeros((M,), device=w.device, dtype=torch.float32)
        torch.ops.rwkv.mm8_one(N, M, x, w, mx, rx, my, ry, y)
        return y.to(dtype=x.dtype)
else:
    os.environ["RWKV_CUDA_ON"] = '0'


@MyStatic
def torch_mm8_seq(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry):
    return x @ ((w.to(dtype=x.dtype) + 0.5) * ry * rx + my + mx)

@MyStatic
def torch_mm8_one(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry):
    return x @ ((w.to(dtype=x.dtype) + 0.5) * ry * rx + my + mx)

if os.environ.get('RWKV_CUDA_ON') == '1':
    @MyStatic
    def mm8_seq(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry):
        if w.device.type == 'cuda' and x.dtype == torch.float16:
            B, N, M = x.shape[0], w.shape[0], w.shape[1]
            return cuda_mm8_seq(B, N, M, x, w, mx, rx, my, ry)
        else:
            return torch_mm8_seq(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry)
    @MyStatic
    def mm8_one(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry):
        if w.device.type == 'cuda':
            N, M = w.shape[0], w.shape[1]
            return cuda_mm8_one(N, M, x, w, mx, rx, my, ry)
        else:
            return torch_mm8_one(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry)
else:
    @MyStatic
    def mm8_seq(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry):
        return torch_mm8_seq(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry)
    @MyStatic
    def mm8_one(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry):
        return torch_mm8_one(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry)

def mm8(x: torch.Tensor, w: torch.Tensor, mx: torch.Tensor, rx: torch.Tensor, my: torch.Tensor, ry: torch.Tensor):
    if len(x.shape) == 1:
        return mm8_one(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry)
    return mm8_seq(x, w, mx, rx, my, ry)

def matmul(a, b, mx: Optional[torch.Tensor]=None, rx: Optional[torch.Tensor]=None, my: Optional[torch.Tensor]=None, ry: Optional[torch.Tensor]=None, output_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype]=None) -> torch.Tensor:
    if output_dtype is None:
        output_dtype = a.dtype
    if b.dtype in [torch.float16, torch.bfloat16, torch.float32]:
        assert a.dtype == b.dtype
        return matmul_float(a, b, output_dtype=output_dtype)
    elif b.dtype == torch.uint8:
        assert mx is not None
        assert rx is not None
        assert my is not None
        assert ry is not None
        return mm8(a, b, mx, rx, my, ry).to(output_dtype)
    else:
        raise ValueError("Unsupported dtype")


if os.environ.get('RWKV_CUDA_ON') == '1' and not DISABLE_CUBLAS_GEMM:
    def matmul_float(a, b, output_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype]=None):
        if output_dtype is None:
            output_dtype = a.dtype
        if a.dtype == b.dtype == torch.float16 and a.device.type == 'cuda':
            if len(a.shape) == 1:
                assert len(b.shape) == 2
                c = torch.empty((b.shape[-1],), dtype=output_dtype, device=a.device)
                a = a.unsqueeze(0)
            else:
                assert len(a.shape) == len(b.shape)
                assert len(a.shape) == 2 or len(a.shape) == 3
                # torch.empty((*a.shape[:-1], b.shape[-1])) doesn't work with jit
                if len(a.shape) == 2:
                    c = torch.empty((a.shape[0], b.shape[-1]), dtype=output_dtype, device=a.device)
                else:
                    c = torch.empty((a.shape[0], a.shape[1], b.shape[-1]), dtype=output_dtype, device=a.device)
            torch.ops.rwkv.gemm_fp16_cublas(a, b, c)
            return c
        else:
            return (a @ b).to(output_dtype)

else:
    def matmul_float(a, b, output_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype]=None):
        return (a @ b).to(output_dtype)


if os.environ.get('RWKV_DML_ON') == '1':
    import torch_directml
    print("PyTorch with DirectML Enabled")

########################################################################################################

class RWKV(MyModule):
    def __init__(self, model, strategy, verbose = True, convert_and_save_and_exit = None):
        super().__init__()
        if verbose:
            prxxx = lambda *args, **kwargs: print(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            prxxx = lambda *args, **kwargs: None

        STRATEGY_REGEX = r"^(?:(?:^|->) *(?:cuda(?::[\d]+)?|cpu|mps|dml) (?:fp(?:16|32)|bf16)(?:i8|i4|i3)?(?: \*[\d]+\+?)? *)+$"
        if not re.match(STRATEGY_REGEX, strategy):
            raise ValueError("Invalid strategy. Please read https://pypi.org/project/rwkv/")

        strategy = ('->'.join([x.strip() for x in strategy.split('->')])).replace('->', ' -> ')
        self.args = types.SimpleNamespace()
        args = self.args
        args.MODEL_NAME = model
        args.strategy_string = strategy

        # Rescale for fp16 mode: set x = x/2 every X layer (to avoid fp16 overflow)
        try:
            self.RESCALE_LAYER = int(os.environ["RWKV_RESCALE_LAYER"]) # !!! NOTE: SEEMS YOU SHOULD SET IT TO 999 (disable) FOR RWKV-MUSIC MODELS !!!
        except:
            self.RESCALE_LAYER = 6 if 'fp16' in strategy else 0
        prxxx(f'RWKV_JIT_ON {os.environ["RWKV_JIT_ON"]} RWKV_CUDA_ON {os.environ["RWKV_CUDA_ON"]} RESCALE_LAYER {self.RESCALE_LAYER}\n')

        args.MODEL_NAME = args.MODEL_NAME.strip()
        if not args.MODEL_NAME.endswith('.pth'):
            args.MODEL_NAME += '.pth'
        prxxx(f'Loading {args.MODEL_NAME} ...')
        with torch.no_grad():
            self.w = torch.load(args.MODEL_NAME, map_location='cpu') # load model to CPU first
            gc.collect()
            w = self.w

            ALREADY_CONVERTED = False
            if '_strategy' in w:
                ALREADY_CONVERTED = True
                assert convert_and_save_and_exit == None # you should only convert a raw model
                prxxx(f"Converted model: strategy {w['_strategy']}, version {w['_version']}\n")
                assert w['_strategy'] == args.strategy_string # if you are using a new strategy, re-convert the model
                assert float(w['_version']) >= 0.7 # sometimes you should re-convert using latest convert_model.py
                assert w['_rescale_layer'] == self.RESCALE_LAYER # must use same RESCALE_LAYER to avoid mistakes
                del w['_strategy']
                del w['_version']
                del w['_rescale_layer']
            
            args.n_embd = w['emb.weight'].shape[1]
            args.n_att = w['blocks.0.att.key.weight'].shape[0] # note: transposed matrix
            args.n_ffn = w['blocks.0.ffn.key.weight'].shape[0] # note: transposed matrix
            args.n_layer = 0
            keys = list(w.keys())
            self.version = 4
            for x in keys:
                layer_id = int(x.split('.')[1]) if ('blocks.' in x) else 0
                args.n_layer = max(args.n_layer, layer_id+1)
                if 'ln_x' in x:
                    self.version = max(5, self.version)
                if 'gate.weight' in x:
                    self.version = max(5.1, self.version)
                if int(self.version) == 5 and 'att.time_decay' in x:
                    args.n_head = w[x].shape[0]
                    if len(w[x].shape) > 1:
                        if w[x].shape[1] > 1:
                            self.version = max(5.2, self.version)
                if 'time_maa' in x:
                    self.version = max(6, self.version)
                if int(self.version) == 6 and 'time_faaaa' in x:
                    args.n_head = w[x].shape[0]
            prxxx(f'Model detected: v{self.version:.1f}')

            ####################### Compute strategy

            s = [x.strip().split(' ') for x in strategy.split('->')]
            plan = [0] * len(s)
            stream_i = -1
            stream_count = 0
            to_allocate = args.n_layer + 1
            allocated = 0
            free_slots = 0
            for i in range(len(s)):
                si = s[i]
                si1 = si[1]
                if si1.startswith('fp32'): si[1] = [torch.float]
                elif si1.startswith('fp16'): si[1] = [torch.float16]
                elif si1.startswith('bf16'): si[1] = [torch.bfloat16]
                if si1.endswith('i8'): si[1] += [torch.uint8]
                else: si[1] += [si[1][0]]
                if len(si) > 2:
                    ss = si[2]
                    assert ss.startswith('*')
                    if ss.endswith('+'):
                        plan[i] = int(ss[1:-1])
                        stream_i = i
                    else:
                        plan[i] = int(ss[1:])
                    allocated += plan[i]
                    if allocated >= to_allocate:
                        plan[i] += to_allocate - allocated
                        break
                else:
                    free_slots += 1
            if stream_i < 0:
                if free_slots > 0 and to_allocate > allocated:
                    for i in range(len(s)):
                        if plan[i] == 0:
                            plan[i] = (to_allocate - allocated) // free_slots
                            allocated += plan[i]
                            free_slots -= 1
                if to_allocate > allocated:
                    plan[len(s)-1] += to_allocate - allocated
            else:
                if to_allocate > allocated:
                    stream_count = to_allocate - allocated
                    plan[stream_i] += stream_count
            prxxx(f'Strategy: (total {args.n_layer}+1={args.n_layer+1} layers)')
            for i in range(len(s)):
                ss = s[i]
                if i != stream_i:
                    prxxx(f'* {ss[0]} {str(ss[1]).replace("torch.","")}, store {plan[i]} layers')
                else:
                    prxxx(f'* {ss[0]} {str(ss[1]).replace("torch.","")}, store {plan[i]-stream_count} layers, stream {stream_count} layers')
                plan[i] += (0 if i == 0 else plan[i-1])
            self.strategy = [None] * (args.n_layer + 1)
            strategy = self.strategy
            for n in range(args.n_layer + 1):
                for i in range(len(s)):
                    if n < plan[i]:
                        strategy[n] = types.SimpleNamespace()
                        strategy[n].device = s[i][0]
                        strategy[n].atype = s[i][1][0]
                        strategy[n].wtype = s[i][1][1]
                        strategy[n].stream = False
                        if strategy[n].device == 'dml':
                            strategy[n].device = torch_directml.device()
                        if i == stream_i and n >= (plan[i] - stream_count):
                            strategy[n].stream = True
                        break
                prxxx(f"{n}-{strategy[n].device}-{str(strategy[n].atype).replace('torch.','')}-{str(strategy[n].wtype).replace('torch.','')}{'-stream' if strategy[n].stream else ''}",end=' ')
            prxxx()

            ####################### Load weights to self.w

            if not ALREADY_CONVERTED:
                try: # precompute embedding
                    w['emb.weight'] = F.layer_norm(w['emb.weight'], (args.n_embd,), weight=w['blocks.0.ln0.weight'], bias=w['blocks.0.ln0.bias'])
                except:
                    w['emb.weight'] = F.layer_norm(w['emb.weight'].float(), (args.n_embd,), weight=w['blocks.0.ln0.weight'].float(), bias=w['blocks.0.ln0.bias'].float())
                del w['blocks.0.ln0.weight']
                del w['blocks.0.ln0.bias']

            print_need_newline = False

            REAL_TIME_FIRST = False
            args.time_state = False
            for x in list(w.keys()):
                if '.time_faaaa' in x: REAL_TIME_FIRST = True
                if '.time_state' in x: args.time_state = True
            if REAL_TIME_FIRST:
                w = {k.replace('.time_faaaa','.time_first') if '.time_faaaa' in k else k: v for k, v in w.items()}
                self.w = w
            
            keys = list(w.keys())
            for x in keys:
                w[x].requires_grad = False
                layer_id = int(x.split('.')[1]) if ('blocks.' in x) else 0
                if ('ln_out.' in x) or ('head.' in x):
                    layer_id = args.n_layer
                dd = strategy[layer_id]
                DEVICE = dd.device
                ATYPE = dd.atype
                WTYPE = dd.wtype

                if not ALREADY_CONVERTED:
                    if self.RESCALE_LAYER > 0:
                        if 'att.output.weight' in x:
                            w[x] = w[x] / (2 ** int(layer_id // self.RESCALE_LAYER))
                        if 'ffn.value.weight' in x:
                            w[x] = w[x] / (2 ** int(layer_id // self.RESCALE_LAYER))

                    if '.time_' in x:
                        w[x] = w[x].squeeze()
                    if 'key.weight' in x or 'value.weight' in x or 'receptance.weight' in x or 'gate.weight' in x or 'output.weight' in x or 'head.weight' in x:
                        w[x] = w[x].t()

                    if '.time_decay' in x and '_w' not in x: # need fp32 for this
                        if self.version == 4:
                            w[x] = -torch.exp(w[x].float())
                        elif int(self.version) == 5:
                            w[x] = torch.exp(-torch.exp(w[x].float())).reshape(-1,1,1)
                            if self.version == 5.2:
                                w[x] = w[x].reshape(args.n_head, -1, 1)
                        elif self.version == 6.0:
                            w[x] = w[x].float().reshape(args.n_head, -1, 1)
                    elif '.time_first' in x: # need fp32 for this
                        if self.version == 4:
                            w[x] = w[x].float()
                        elif int(self.version) in [5, 6]:
                            if REAL_TIME_FIRST:
                                w[x] = w[x].float().reshape(-1,1,1)
                            else:
                                w[x] = torch.exp(w[x].float()).reshape(-1,1,1)
                            if self.version in [5.2, 6.0]:
                                w[x] = w[x].reshape(args.n_head, -1, 1)
                    elif '.ln_x' in x: # need fp32 for group_norm
                        w[x] = w[x].float()
                    else:
                        if (len(w[x].shape) == 2) and ('emb' not in x) and ('_w1' not in x) and ('_w2' not in x):
                            if WTYPE != torch.uint8:
                                w[x] = w[x].to(dtype=WTYPE)
                            else:
                                w[x] = w[x].float()

                                if w[x].shape[0] > w[x].shape[1]:
                                    w[x+'_my'] = torch.amin(w[x], dim=1).unsqueeze(1)
                                    w[x] = w[x] - w[x+'_my']
                                    w[x+'_mx'] = torch.amin(w[x], dim=0)
                                    w[x] = w[x] - w[x+'_mx']
                                    w[x+'_rx'] = torch.amax(w[x], dim=0)
                                    w[x] = w[x] / w[x+'_rx']
                                    w[x+'_ry'] = torch.amax(w[x], dim=1).unsqueeze(1)
                                    w[x] = w[x] / w[x+'_ry']
                                else:
                                    w[x+'_mx'] = torch.amin(w[x], dim=0)
                                    w[x] = w[x] - w[x+'_mx']
                                    w[x+'_my'] = torch.amin(w[x], dim=1).unsqueeze(1)
                                    w[x] = w[x] - w[x+'_my']
                                    w[x+'_rx'] = torch.amax(w[x], dim=0)
                                    w[x] = w[x] / w[x+'_rx']
                                    w[x+'_ry'] = torch.amax(w[x], dim=1).unsqueeze(1)
                                    w[x] = w[x] / w[x+'_ry']

                                w[x] = torch.clip(torch.floor(w[x] * 256), min=0, max=255).to(dtype=torch.uint8)
                                w[x+'_mx'] = w[x+'_mx'].to(dtype=ATYPE).contiguous()
                                w[x+'_rx'] = (w[x+'_rx'] / 16).to(dtype=ATYPE).contiguous()
                                w[x+'_my'] = w[x+'_my'].to(dtype=ATYPE).contiguous()
                                w[x+'_ry'] = (w[x+'_ry'] / 16).to(dtype=ATYPE).contiguous()
                        else:
                            w[x] = w[x].to(dtype=ATYPE)
                
                if convert_and_save_and_exit == None:
                    if 'emb.' in x:
                        w[x] = w[x].contiguous()
                    elif (dd.stream) and (x.endswith('key.weight') or x.endswith('value.weight') or x.endswith('receptance.weight') or x.endswith('output.weight')):
                        try:
                            w[x] = w[x].contiguous().pin_memory() # if you see "CUDA error: out of memory" here, that's out of CPU RAM, not VRAM. Get more RAM :)
                        except:
                            print('Note: You are running out of RAM. Get more CPU RAM. Now this will run much slower.')
                    elif DEVICE != 'cpu':
                        w[x] = w[x].to(device=DEVICE).contiguous()
                    
                    if (dd.stream) or (DEVICE != 'cpu'):
                        try:
                            w[x+'_mx'] = w[x+'_mx'].to(device=DEVICE).contiguous()
                            w[x+'_rx'] = w[x+'_rx'].to(device=DEVICE).contiguous()
                            w[x+'_my'] = w[x+'_my'].to(device=DEVICE).contiguous()
                            w[x+'_ry'] = w[x+'_ry'].to(device=DEVICE).contiguous()
                        except:
                            pass

                if 'ffn.value.weight' in x:
                    gc.collect()
                    if 'cuda' in args.strategy_string:
                        torch.cuda.empty_cache()

                shape = [i for i in w[x].shape if i != 1]
                if len(shape) > 2:
                    shape = f" {str(shape[0]).rjust(5)} {str(shape[1]).rjust(5)} {str(shape[2]).rjust(5)}"
                elif len(shape) > 1:
                    shape = f" {str(shape[0]).rjust(5)} {str(shape[1]).rjust(5)}      "
                else:
                    shape = f" {str(shape[0]).rjust(5)}            "
                if layer_id == 0 or layer_id >= args.n_layer-1:
                    if print_need_newline:
                        prxxx('\n', end = '')
                        print_need_newline = False
                    dt = str(w[x].dtype).replace('torch.', '')
                    dt = dt.replace('float32', 'f32').replace('bfloat16', 'bf16').replace('float16', 'f16').replace('uint8', 'i8')
                    prxxx(x.ljust(32), dt.rjust(4), str(w[x].device).rjust(8), shape, ' (pinned)' if w[x].is_pinned() else '')
                else:
                    print_need_newline = True
                    prxxx('.', end = '', flush = True)
            
            if convert_and_save_and_exit:
                w['_strategy'] = args.strategy_string
                w['_rescale_layer'] = self.RESCALE_LAYER
                w['_version'] = '0.7'
                if not convert_and_save_and_exit.endswith('.pth'):
                    convert_and_save_and_exit += '.pth'
                prxxx(f'Saving to {convert_and_save_and_exit}...')
                torch.save(w, convert_and_save_and_exit)
                prxxx(f'Converted and saved. Now this will exit.')
                exit(0)
            
            if self.version == 5.2 and os.environ["RWKV_CUDA_ON"] == '1':
                HEAD_SIZE = args.n_att // args.n_head
                rwkv5 = load(name="rwkv5", sources=[f"{current_path}/cuda/rwkv5_op.cpp", f"{current_path}/cuda/rwkv5.cu"],
                                verbose=True, extra_cuda_cflags=["-res-usage", "--use_fast_math", "-O3", "-Xptxas -O3" if os.name != "nt" else "", "--extra-device-vectorization", f"-D_N_={HEAD_SIZE}"])

                class RWKV_5(torch.autograd.Function):
                    @staticmethod
                    def forward(ctx, B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, w, u):
                        with torch.no_grad():
                            assert HEAD_SIZE == C // H
                            ctx.B = B
                            ctx.T = T
                            ctx.C = C
                            ctx.H = H
                            assert state.dtype == torch.float32
                            assert w.dtype == torch.float32
                            assert r.is_contiguous()
                            assert k.is_contiguous()
                            assert v.is_contiguous()
                            assert w.is_contiguous()                            
                            assert u.is_contiguous()                            
                            assert state.is_contiguous()

                            y = torch.empty((B, T, C), device=w.device, dtype=r.dtype, memory_format=torch.contiguous_format)
                            if r.dtype == torch.bfloat16:
                                rwkv5.forward_bf16(B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, w, u, y)
                            elif r.dtype == torch.float16:
                                rwkv5.forward_fp16(B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, w, u, y)
                            elif r.dtype == torch.float32:
                                rwkv5.forward_fp32(B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, w, u, y)
                            return y, state
                self.RWKV_5 = RWKV_5

            if self.version == 6.0 and os.environ["RWKV_CUDA_ON"] == '1':
                HEAD_SIZE = args.n_att // args.n_head
                rwkv6 = load(name="rwkv6", sources=[f"{current_path}/cuda/rwkv6_op.cpp", f"{current_path}/cuda/rwkv6.cu"],
                                verbose=True, extra_cuda_cflags=["-res-usage", "--use_fast_math", "-O3", "-Xptxas -O3" if os.name != "nt" else "", "--extra-device-vectorization", f"-D_N_={HEAD_SIZE}", f"-D_T_={4096}"])
                    
                class RWKV_6(torch.autograd.Function):
                    @staticmethod
                    def forward(ctx, B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, w, u):
                        with torch.no_grad():
                            assert HEAD_SIZE == C // H
                            ctx.B = B
                            ctx.T = T
                            ctx.C = C
                            ctx.H = H
                            assert state.dtype == torch.float32
                            assert w.dtype == torch.float32
                            assert r.is_contiguous()
                            assert k.is_contiguous()
                            assert v.is_contiguous()
                            assert w.is_contiguous()
                            assert u.is_contiguous()
                            eew = torch.exp(-torch.exp(w.float())).contiguous()

                            y = torch.empty((B, T, C), device=w.device, dtype=r.dtype, memory_format=torch.contiguous_format)
                            if r.dtype == torch.bfloat16:
                                rwkv6.forward_bf16(B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, eew, u, y)
                            elif r.dtype == torch.float16:
                                rwkv6.forward_fp16(B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, eew, u, y)
                            elif r.dtype == torch.float32:
                                rwkv6.forward_fp32(B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, eew, u, y)
                            return y, state
                self.RWKV_6 = RWKV_6
        
            gc.collect()
            if 'cuda' in args.strategy_string:
                torch.cuda.empty_cache()

    def RUN_RWKV_5(self, B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, w, u):
        return self.RWKV_5.apply(B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, w, u)

    def RUN_RWKV_6(self, B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, w, u):
        return self.RWKV_6.apply(B, T, C, H, state, r, k, v, w, u)

    ########################################################################################################

    @MyFunction
    def ffn_one(self, x, sx, ln_w, ln_b, k_mix, r_mix, kw, vw, rw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
        rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)

        r = torch.sigmoid(matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry))
        vx = torch.relu(matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry)) ** 2
        out = r * matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry)
        return x + out, xx

    @MyFunction
    def ffn_seq(self, x, sx, ln_w, ln_b, k_mix, r_mix, kw, vw, rw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:]))
        kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
        rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)

        r = torch.sigmoid(matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry))
        vx = torch.relu(matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry)) ** 2
        out = r * matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry)
        return x + out, xx[-1,:]

    @MyFunction
    def ffn_one_v6(self, x, sx, ln_w, ln_b, k_maa, r_maa, kw, vw, rw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        sx = sx - xx
        kx = xx + sx * k_maa
        rx = xx + sx * r_maa

        r = torch.sigmoid(matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry))
        vx = torch.relu(matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry)) ** 2
        out = r * matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry)
        return x + out, xx

    @MyFunction
    def ffn_seq_v6(self, x, sx, ln_w, ln_b, k_maa, r_maa, kw, vw, rw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:]))
        sx = sx - xx
        kx = xx + sx * k_maa
        rx = xx + sx * r_maa

        r = torch.sigmoid(matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry))
        vx = torch.relu(matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry)) ** 2
        out = r * matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry)
        return x + out, xx[-1,:]

    ########################################################################################################

    @MyFunction
    def att_one(self, x, sx, aa, bb, pp, ln_w, ln_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
        vx = xx * v_mix + sx * (1 - v_mix)
        rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)

        r = torch.sigmoid(matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry))
        k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
        v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32)

        ww = t_first + k
        p = torch.maximum(pp, ww)
        e1 = torch.exp(pp - p)
        e2 = torch.exp(ww - p)
        wkv = ((e1 * aa + e2 * v) / (e1 * bb + e2)).to(dtype=x.dtype)
        ww = t_decay + pp
        p = torch.maximum(ww, k)
        e1 = torch.exp(ww - p)
        e2 = torch.exp(k - p)

        out = matmul(r * wkv, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)
        return x + out, xx, e1 * aa + e2 * v, e1 * bb + e2, p

    @MyFunction
    def att_seq(self, x, sx, aa, bb, pp, ln_w, ln_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:]))
        kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
        vx = xx * v_mix + sx * (1 - v_mix)
        rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)

        r = torch.sigmoid(matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry))
        k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
        v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32)

        T = x.shape[0]
        for t in range(T):
            kk = k[t]
            vv = v[t]
            ww = t_first + kk
            p = torch.maximum(pp, ww)
            e1 = torch.exp(pp - p)
            e2 = torch.exp(ww - p)
            sx[t] = ((e1 * aa + e2 * vv) / (e1 * bb + e2)).to(dtype=x.dtype)
            ww = t_decay + pp
            p = torch.maximum(ww, kk)
            e1 = torch.exp(ww - p)
            e2 = torch.exp(kk - p)
            aa = e1 * aa + e2 * vv
            bb = e1 * bb + e2
            pp = p
        out = matmul(r * sx, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)
        return x + out, xx[-1,:], aa, bb, pp

    ########################################################################################################

    @MyFunction
    def att_one_v5(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
        vx = xx * v_mix + sx * (1 - v_mix)
        rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)

        H = t_decay.shape[0]
        N = x.shape[-1] // H

        r = matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(H, 1, N)
        k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(H, N, 1)
        v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(H, 1, N)
        
        a = matmul(k, v)
        out = r @ (t_first * a + s)
        s = a + t_decay * s

        out = out.flatten()
        out = F.group_norm(out.unsqueeze(0), num_groups=H, weight=lx_w, bias=lx_b, eps = 64e-5).squeeze(0)
        out = out.to(dtype=x.dtype)
        out = matmul(out, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

        return x + out, xx, s

    @MyFunction
    def att_seq_v5(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:]))
        kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
        vx = xx * v_mix + sx * (1 - v_mix)
        rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)

        H = t_decay.shape[0]
        N = x.shape[-1] // H
        T = x.shape[0]

        w = t_decay.reshape(-1, 1)
        u = t_first.reshape(-1, 1)
        ws = w.pow(T).reshape(H, 1, 1)
        ind = torch.arange(T-1, -1, -1, device=w.device).unsqueeze(0).repeat(H, 1)
        w = w.repeat(1, T).pow(ind)
        wk = w.reshape(H, 1, T)
        wb = wk.transpose(-2, -1).flip(1)
        w = torch.cat([w[:, 1:], u], dim=1)
        w = F.pad(w, (0, T))
        w = torch.tile(w, [T])
        w = w[:, :-T].reshape(-1, T, 2 * T - 1)
        w = w[:, :, T-1:].reshape(H, T, T)

        r = matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).transpose(0, 1)
        k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).permute(1, 2, 0)
        v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).transpose(0, 1)

        out = ((r @ k) * w) @ v + (r @ s) * wb
        s = ws * s + (k * wk) @ v
        
        out = out.transpose(0, 1).contiguous().reshape(T, H*N)
        out = F.group_norm(out, num_groups=H, weight=lx_w, bias=lx_b, eps = 64e-5)
        out = out.to(dtype=x.dtype)
        out = matmul(out, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

        return x + out, xx[-1,:], s

    ########################################################################################################

    @MyFunction
    def att_one_v5_1(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, g_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
        vx = xx * v_mix + sx * (1 - v_mix)
        rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)
        gx = xx * g_mix + sx * (1 - g_mix)

        H = t_decay.shape[0]
        N = x.shape[-1] // H

        r = matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(H, 1, N)
        k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(H, N, 1)
        v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(H, 1, N)
        g = F.silu(matmul(gx, gw, gmx, grx, gmy, gry))
        
        a = matmul(k, v)
        out = r @ (t_first * a + s)
        s = a + t_decay * s

        out = out.flatten()
        out = F.group_norm(out.unsqueeze(0), num_groups=H, weight=lx_w, bias=lx_b, eps = 64e-5).squeeze(0)
        out = out.to(dtype=x.dtype) * g
        out = matmul(out, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

        return x + out, xx, s

    @MyFunction
    def att_seq_v5_1(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, g_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:]))
        kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
        vx = xx * v_mix + sx * (1 - v_mix)
        rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)
        gx = xx * g_mix + sx * (1 - g_mix)

        H = t_decay.shape[0]
        N = x.shape[-1] // H
        T = x.shape[0]

        w = t_decay.reshape(-1, 1)
        u = t_first.reshape(-1, 1)
        ws = w.pow(T).reshape(H, 1, 1)
        ind = torch.arange(T-1, -1, -1, device=w.device).unsqueeze(0).repeat(H, 1)
        w = w.repeat(1, T).pow(ind)
        wk = w.reshape(H, 1, T)
        wb = wk.transpose(-2, -1).flip(1)
        w = torch.cat([w[:, 1:], u], dim=1)
        w = F.pad(w, (0, T))
        w = torch.tile(w, [T])
        w = w[:, :-T].reshape(-1, T, 2 * T - 1)
        w = w[:, :, T-1:].reshape(H, T, T)

        r = matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).transpose(0, 1)
        k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).permute(1, 2, 0)
        v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).transpose(0, 1)
        g = F.silu(matmul(gx, gw, gmx, grx, gmy, gry))

        out = ((r @ k) * w) @ v + (r @ s) * wb
        s = ws * s + (k * wk) @ v
        
        out = out.transpose(0, 1).contiguous().reshape(T, H*N)
        out = F.group_norm(out, num_groups=H, weight=lx_w, bias=lx_b, eps = 64e-5)
        out = out.to(dtype=x.dtype) * g
        out = matmul(out, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

        return x + out, xx[-1,:], s

    ########################################################################################################

    @MyFunction
    def att_seq_v5_2(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, g_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:]))
        kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
        vx = xx * v_mix + sx * (1 - v_mix)
        rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)
        gx = xx * g_mix + sx * (1 - g_mix)

        H = t_decay.shape[0]
        N = x.shape[-1] // H
        T = x.shape[0]

        r = matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).transpose(0, 1)
        k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).permute(1, 2, 0)
        v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).transpose(0, 1)
        g = F.silu(matmul(gx, gw, gmx, grx, gmy, gry))

        out = torch.empty((T, H, N), dtype=r.dtype, device=r.device)
        for t in range(T):
            rt = r[:,t:t+1,:]
            kt = k[:,:,t:t+1]
            vt = v[:,t:t+1,:]
            at = matmul(kt, vt)
            out[t] = (rt @ (t_first * at + s)).squeeze(1)
            s = at + t_decay * s

        out = out.reshape(T, H*N)
        out = F.group_norm(out, num_groups=H, weight=lx_w, bias=lx_b, eps = 64e-5)
        out = out.to(dtype=x.dtype) * g
        out = matmul(out, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

        return x + out, xx[-1,:], s

    ########################################################################################################

    @MyFunction
    def att_one_v6_0(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, x_maa, w_maa, k_maa, v_maa, r_maa, g_maa, tm_w1, tm_w2, td_w1, td_w2, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        
        sx = sx - xx
        xxx = xx + sx * x_maa
        xxx = torch.tanh(xxx @ tm_w1).view(5, 1, -1)
        xxx = torch.bmm(xxx, tm_w2).view(5, -1)
        mw, mk, mv, mr, mg = xxx.unbind(dim=0)

        wx = xx + sx * (w_maa + mw)
        kx = xx + sx * (k_maa + mk)
        vx = xx + sx * (v_maa + mv)
        rx = xx + sx * (r_maa + mr)
        gx = xx + sx * (g_maa + mg)

        H = t_decay.shape[0]
        N = x.shape[-1] // H

        r = matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(H, 1, N)
        k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(H, N, 1)
        v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(H, 1, N)
        g = F.silu(matmul(gx, gw, gmx, grx, gmy, gry))
        
        w = t_decay + (torch.tanh(wx @ td_w1) @ td_w2).float().view(H, N, 1)
        w = torch.exp(-torch.exp(w.float()))

        a = matmul(k, v)
        out = r @ (t_first * a + s)
        s = a + w * s

        out = out.flatten()
        out = F.group_norm(out.unsqueeze(0), num_groups=H, weight=lx_w, bias=lx_b, eps = 64e-5).squeeze(0)
        out = out.to(dtype=x.dtype) * g
        out = matmul(out, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

        return x + out, xx, s

    @MyFunction
    def att_seq_v6_0(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, x_maa, w_maa, k_maa, v_maa, r_maa, g_maa, tm_w1, tm_w2, td_w1, td_w2, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
        H = t_decay.shape[0]
        N = x.shape[-1] // H
        T = x.shape[0]

        xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
        sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:])) - xx
        xxx = xx + sx * x_maa
        xxx = torch.tanh(xxx @ tm_w1).view(T, 5, -1).transpose(0, 1)
        xxx = torch.bmm(xxx, tm_w2).view(5, T, -1)
        mw, mk, mv, mr, mg = xxx.unbind(dim=0)

        wx = xx + sx * (w_maa + mw)
        kx = xx + sx * (k_maa + mk)
        vx = xx + sx * (v_maa + mv)
        rx = xx + sx * (r_maa + mr)
        gx = xx + sx * (g_maa + mg)

        r = matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).transpose(0, 1)
        k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).permute(1, 2, 0)
        v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32).view(T, H, N).transpose(0, 1)
        g = F.silu(matmul(gx, gw, gmx, grx, gmy, gry))

        w = t_decay.view(1, H, N, 1) + (torch.tanh(wx @ td_w1) @ td_w2).float().view(T, H, N, 1)
        w = torch.exp(-torch.exp(w.float()))
        out = torch.empty((T, H, N), dtype=r.dtype, device=r.device)
        for t in range(T):
            rt = r[:,t:t+1,:]
            kt = k[:,:,t:t+1]
            vt = v[:,t:t+1,:]
            at = matmul(kt, vt)
            out[t] = (rt @ (t_first * at + s)).squeeze(1)
            s = at + w[t] * s

        out = out.reshape(T, H*N)
        out = F.group_norm(out, num_groups=H, weight=lx_w, bias=lx_b, eps = 64e-5)
        out = out.to(dtype=x.dtype) * g
        out = matmul(out, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

        return x + out, xx[-1,:], s

    ########################################################################################################

    if os.environ["RWKV_CUDA_ON"] == '1':
        @MyFunction
        def cuda_att_seq(self, x, sx, aa, bb, pp, ln_w, ln_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
            T, C = x.shape
            xx = F.layer_norm(x, (C,), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
            sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:]))
            kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
            vx = xx * v_mix + sx * (1 - v_mix)
            rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)

            r = torch.sigmoid(matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry))
            k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
            v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
            y, aa, bb, pp = cuda_wkv(T, C, t_decay, t_first, k, v, aa, bb, pp)

            out = matmul(r * y.to(x.dtype), ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)
            return x + out, xx[-1,:], aa, bb, pp

        @MyFunction
        def v5_2_before(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, g_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
            xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
            sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:]))
            kx = xx * k_mix + sx * (1 - k_mix)
            vx = xx * v_mix + sx * (1 - v_mix)
            rx = xx * r_mix + sx * (1 - r_mix)
            gx = xx * g_mix + sx * (1 - g_mix)

            r = matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
            k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
            v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
            g = F.silu(matmul(gx, gw, gmx, grx, gmy, gry))

            return r, k, v, g, xx[-1,:], s.transpose(-1,-2).contiguous()

        @MyFunction
        def v5_2_after(self, t_decay, out, s, x, xxx, g, lx_w, lx_b, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory):
            H = t_decay.shape[0]
            N = x.shape[-1] // H
            T = x.shape[0]

            s = s.transpose(-1,-2)
            out = out.reshape(T, H*N)
            out = F.group_norm(out, num_groups=H, weight=lx_w, bias=lx_b, eps = 64e-5)
            out = out.to(dtype=x.dtype) * g
            out = matmul(out, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

            return x + out, xxx, s

        def cuda_att_seq_v5_2(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, g_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
            H = t_decay.shape[0]
            N = x.shape[-1] // H
            T = x.shape[0]

            r, k, v, g, xxx, ss = self.v5_2_before(x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, k_mix, v_mix, r_mix, g_mix, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory)

            out, s = self.RUN_RWKV_5(1, T, self.args.n_att, H, ss, r, k, v, w=t_decay, u=t_first)

            return self.v5_2_after(t_decay, out, s, x, xxx, g, lx_w, lx_b, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

        @MyFunction
        def v6_0_before(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, x_maa, w_maa, k_maa, v_maa, r_maa, g_maa, tm_w1, tm_w2, td_w1, td_w2, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
            H = t_decay.shape[0]
            N = x.shape[-1] // H
            T = x.shape[0]

            xx = F.layer_norm(x, (x.shape[-1],), weight=ln_w, bias=ln_b)
            sx = torch.cat((sx.unsqueeze(0), xx[:-1,:])) - xx
            xxx = xx + sx * x_maa
            xxx = torch.tanh(xxx @ tm_w1).view(T, 5, -1).transpose(0, 1)
            xxx = torch.bmm(xxx, tm_w2).view(5, T, -1)
            mw, mk, mv, mr, mg = xxx.unbind(dim=0)

            wx = xx + sx * (w_maa + mw)
            kx = xx + sx * (k_maa + mk)
            vx = xx + sx * (v_maa + mv)
            rx = xx + sx * (r_maa + mr)
            gx = xx + sx * (g_maa + mg)

            r = matmul(rx, rw, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
            k = matmul(kx, kw, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
            v = matmul(vx, vw, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, output_dtype=torch.float32)
            g = F.silu(matmul(gx, gw, gmx, grx, gmy, gry))

            w = t_decay.view(1, H, N, 1) + (torch.tanh(wx @ td_w1) @ td_w2).float().view(T, H, N, 1)

            return r, k, v, g, w, xx[-1,:], s.transpose(-1,-2).contiguous()

        def cuda_att_seq_v6_0(self, x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, x_maa, w_maa, k_maa, v_maa, r_maa, g_maa, tm_w1, tm_w2, td_w1, td_w2, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory):
            H = t_decay.shape[0]
            N = x.shape[-1] // H
            T = x.shape[0]

            r, k, v, g, w, xxx, ss = self.v6_0_before(x, sx, s, ln_w, ln_b, lx_w, lx_b, x_maa, w_maa, k_maa, v_maa, r_maa, g_maa, tm_w1, tm_w2, td_w1, td_w2, t_decay, t_first, kw, vw, rw, gw, ow, kmx, krx, kmy, kry, vmx, vrx, vmy, vry, rmx, rrx, rmy, rry, gmx, grx, gmy, gry, omx, orx, omy, ory)

            out, s = self.RUN_RWKV_6(1, T, self.args.n_att, H, ss, r, k, v, w=w, u=t_first)
            return self.v5_2_after(t_decay, out, s, x, xxx, g, lx_w, lx_b, ow, omx, orx, omy, ory)

    ########################################################################################################

    def forward(self, tokens, state, full_output=False):
        with torch.no_grad():
            w = self.w
            args = self.args

            if state == None:
                if self.version == 4:
                    state = [None] * args.n_layer * 5
                    for i in range(args.n_layer): # state: 0=att_xx 1=att_aa 2=att_bb 3=att_pp 4=ffn_xx
                        dd = self.strategy[i]
                        dev = dd.device
                        atype = dd.atype
                        state[i*5+0] = torch.zeros(args.n_embd, dtype=atype, requires_grad=False, device=dev).contiguous()
                        state[i*5+1] = torch.zeros(args.n_att, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=False, device=dev).contiguous()
                        state[i*5+2] = torch.zeros(args.n_att, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=False, device=dev).contiguous()
                        state[i*5+3] = torch.zeros(args.n_att, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=False, device=dev).contiguous() - 1e30
                        state[i*5+4] = torch.zeros(args.n_embd, dtype=atype, requires_grad=False, device=dev).contiguous()
                elif int(self.version) in [5,6]:
                    state = [None] * args.n_layer * 3
                    for i in range(args.n_layer): # state: 0=att_xx 1=att_kv 2=ffn_xx
                        dd = self.strategy[i]
                        dev = dd.device
                        atype = dd.atype
                        state[i*3+0] = torch.zeros(args.n_embd, dtype=atype, requires_grad=False, device=dev).contiguous()
                        if args.time_state:
                            state[i*3+1] = w[f'blocks.{i}.att.time_state'].transpose(1,2).to(dtype=torch.float, device=dev).requires_grad_(False).contiguous()
                        else:
                            state[i*3+1] = torch.zeros((args.n_head, args.n_att//args.n_head, args.n_att//args.n_head), dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=False, device=dev).contiguous()
                        state[i*3+2] = torch.zeros(args.n_embd, dtype=atype, requires_grad=False, device=dev).contiguous()

            seq_mode = len(tokens) > 1

            x = w['emb.weight'][tokens if seq_mode else tokens[0]]

            for i in range(args.n_layer):
                bbb = f'blocks.{i}.'
                att = f'blocks.{i}.att.'
                ffn = f'blocks.{i}.ffn.'
                dd = self.strategy[i]
                dev = dd.device
                atype = dd.atype
                wtype = dd.wtype
                if seq_mode:
                    cuda_applicable = os.environ["RWKV_CUDA_ON"] == '1' and 'cuda' in str(dev)
                    if cuda_applicable:
                        ATT = self.cuda_att_seq
                    else:
                        ATT = self.att_seq
                    if self.version == 5:
                        ATT = self.att_seq_v5
                    elif self.version == 5.1:
                        ATT = self.att_seq_v5_1
                    elif self.version == 5.2:
                        ATT = self.att_seq_v5_2
                        if cuda_applicable:
                            ATT = self.cuda_att_seq_v5_2
                    elif self.version == 6.0:
                        ATT = self.att_seq_v6_0
                        if cuda_applicable:
                            ATT = self.cuda_att_seq_v6_0
                    FFN = self.ffn_seq
                    if self.version >= 6.0:
                        FFN = self.ffn_seq_v6
                else:
                    ATT = self.att_one
                    if self.version == 5:
                        ATT = self.att_one_v5
                    elif self.version == 5.1:
                        ATT = self.att_one_v5_1
                    elif self.version == 5.2:
                        ATT = self.att_one_v5_1 # same as v5.1
                    elif self.version == 6.0:
                        ATT = self.att_one_v6_0
                    FFN = self.ffn_one
                    if self.version >= 6.0:
                        FFN = self.ffn_one_v6

                x = x.to(dtype=atype, device=dev)

                kw = w[f'{att}key.weight']
                vw = w[f'{att}value.weight']
                rw = w[f'{att}receptance.weight']
                ow = w[f'{att}output.weight']
                if dd.stream:
                    kw = kw.to(device=dev, non_blocking=True)
                    vw = vw.to(device=dev, non_blocking=True)
                    rw = rw.to(device=dev, non_blocking=True)
                    ow = ow.to(device=dev, non_blocking=True)
                kmx = w[f'{att}key.weight_mx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                krx = w[f'{att}key.weight_rx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                kmy = w[f'{att}key.weight_my'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                kry = w[f'{att}key.weight_ry'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                vmx = w[f'{att}value.weight_mx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                vrx = w[f'{att}value.weight_rx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                vmy = w[f'{att}value.weight_my'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                vry = w[f'{att}value.weight_ry'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                rmx = w[f'{att}receptance.weight_mx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                rrx = w[f'{att}receptance.weight_rx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                rmy = w[f'{att}receptance.weight_my'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                rry = w[f'{att}receptance.weight_ry'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                omx = w[f'{att}output.weight_mx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                orx = w[f'{att}output.weight_rx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                omy = w[f'{att}output.weight_my'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                ory = w[f'{att}output.weight_ry'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                if self.version in [5.1, 5.2, 6.0]:
                    gw = w[f'{att}gate.weight']
                    if dd.stream:
                        gw = gw.to(device=dev, non_blocking=True)
                    gmx = w[f'{att}gate.weight_mx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                    grx = w[f'{att}gate.weight_rx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                    gmy = w[f'{att}gate.weight_my'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                    gry = w[f'{att}gate.weight_ry'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                if self.version == 4:
                    x, state[i*5+0], state[i*5+1], state[i*5+2], state[i*5+3] = ATT(
                        x, state[i*5+0], state[i*5+1], state[i*5+2], state[i*5+3],
                        w[f'{bbb}ln1.weight'], w[f'{bbb}ln1.bias'],
                        w[f'{att}time_mix_k'], w[f'{att}time_mix_v'], w[f'{att}time_mix_r'],
                        w[f'{att}time_decay'], w[f'{att}time_first'],
                        kw, vw, rw, ow,
                        kmx, krx, kmy, kry,
                        vmx, vrx, vmy, vry,
                        rmx, rrx, rmy, rry,
                        omx, orx, omy, ory,
                        )
                elif self.version == 5:
                    x, state[i*3+0], state[i*3+1] = ATT(
                        x, state[i*3+0], state[i*3+1],
                        w[f'{bbb}ln1.weight'], w[f'{bbb}ln1.bias'],
                        w[f'{att}ln_x.weight'], w[f'{att}ln_x.bias'],
                        w[f'{att}time_mix_k'], w[f'{att}time_mix_v'], w[f'{att}time_mix_r'],
                        w[f'{att}time_decay'], w[f'{att}time_first'],
                        kw, vw, rw, ow,
                        kmx, krx, kmy, kry,
                        vmx, vrx, vmy, vry,
                        rmx, rrx, rmy, rry,
                        omx, orx, omy, ory,
                        )
                elif self.version in [5.1, 5.2]:
                    x, state[i*3+0], state[i*3+1] = ATT(
                        x, state[i*3+0], state[i*3+1],
                        w[f'{bbb}ln1.weight'], w[f'{bbb}ln1.bias'],
                        w[f'{att}ln_x.weight'], w[f'{att}ln_x.bias'],
                        w[f'{att}time_mix_k'], w[f'{att}time_mix_v'], w[f'{att}time_mix_r'], w[f'{att}time_mix_g'],
                        w[f'{att}time_decay'], w[f'{att}time_first'],
                        kw, vw, rw, gw, ow,
                        kmx, krx, kmy, kry,
                        vmx, vrx, vmy, vry,
                        rmx, rrx, rmy, rry,
                        gmx, grx, gmy, gry,
                        omx, orx, omy, ory,
                        )
                elif self.version == 6.0:
                    x, state[i*3+0], state[i*3+1] = ATT(
                        x, state[i*3+0], state[i*3+1],
                        w[f'{bbb}ln1.weight'], w[f'{bbb}ln1.bias'],
                        w[f'{att}ln_x.weight'], w[f'{att}ln_x.bias'],
                        w[f'{att}time_maa_x'], w[f'{att}time_maa_w'], w[f'{att}time_maa_k'], w[f'{att}time_maa_v'], w[f'{att}time_maa_r'], w[f'{att}time_maa_g'],
                        w[f'{att}time_maa_w1'], w[f'{att}time_maa_w2'], w[f'{att}time_decay_w1'], w[f'{att}time_decay_w2'],
                        w[f'{att}time_decay'], w[f'{att}time_first'],
                        kw, vw, rw, gw, ow,
                        kmx, krx, kmy, kry,
                        vmx, vrx, vmy, vry,
                        rmx, rrx, rmy, rry,
                        gmx, grx, gmy, gry,
                        omx, orx, omy, ory,
                        )
                if dd.stream:
                    del kw, vw, rw, ow
                    if self.version in [5.1, 5.2, 6.0]:
                        del gw

                kw = w[f'{ffn}key.weight']
                vw = w[f'{ffn}value.weight']
                rw = w[f'{ffn}receptance.weight']
                if dd.stream:
                    kw = kw.to(device=dev, non_blocking=True)
                    vw = vw.to(device=dev, non_blocking=True)
                    rw = rw.to(device=dev, non_blocking=True)
                kmx = w[f'{ffn}key.weight_mx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                krx = w[f'{ffn}key.weight_rx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                kmy = w[f'{ffn}key.weight_my'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                kry = w[f'{ffn}key.weight_ry'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                vmx = w[f'{ffn}value.weight_mx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                vrx = w[f'{ffn}value.weight_rx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                vmy = w[f'{ffn}value.weight_my'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                vry = w[f'{ffn}value.weight_ry'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                rmx = w[f'{ffn}receptance.weight_mx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                rrx = w[f'{ffn}receptance.weight_rx'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                rmy = w[f'{ffn}receptance.weight_my'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                rry = w[f'{ffn}receptance.weight_ry'] if wtype == torch.uint8 else x
                if self.version == 4:
                    offset = i*5+4
                elif int(self.version) in [5,6]:
                    offset = i*3+2
                if self.version < 6.0:
                    x, state[offset] = FFN(
                        x, state[offset],
                        w[f'{bbb}ln2.weight'], w[f'{bbb}ln2.bias'],
                        w[f'{ffn}time_mix_k'], w[f'{ffn}time_mix_r'],
                        kw, vw, rw,
                        kmx, krx, kmy, kry,
                        vmx, vrx, vmy, vry,
                        rmx, rrx, rmy, rry,                    
                        )
                else:
                    x, state[offset] = FFN(
                        x, state[offset],
                        w[f'{bbb}ln2.weight'], w[f'{bbb}ln2.bias'],
                        w[f'{ffn}time_maa_k'], w[f'{ffn}time_maa_r'],
                        kw, vw, rw,
                        kmx, krx, kmy, kry,
                        vmx, vrx, vmy, vry,
                        rmx, rrx, rmy, rry,                    
                        )
                if dd.stream:                
                    del kw, vw, rw
                
                if self.RESCALE_LAYER > 0:
                    if (i+1) % self.RESCALE_LAYER == 0:
                        x = x / 2
            
            dd = self.strategy[args.n_layer]
            x = x[-1,:] if (seq_mode and (not full_output)) else x
            x = x.to(dtype=dd.atype, device=dd.device)
            
            x = F.layer_norm(x, (args.n_embd,), weight=w['ln_out.weight'], bias=w['ln_out.bias'])
            if w['head.weight'].dtype != torch.uint8:
                x = x @ w['head.weight']
            else:
                if seq_mode and full_output:
                    x = mm8_seq(x, w['head.weight'], w['head.weight_mx'], w['head.weight_rx'], w['head.weight_my'], w['head.weight_ry'])
                else:
                    x = mm8_one(x, w['head.weight'], w['head.weight_mx'], w['head.weight_rx'], w['head.weight_my'], w['head.weight_ry'])

            return x.float(), state