/
CPP.json
1966 lines (1966 loc) · 76.6 KB
/
CPP.json
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{
"Fraction": {
"prefix": "Fraction",
"body": [
"class Fraction {",
"private:",
" cpp_int GCD(cpp_int a, cpp_int b) {",
" for(cpp_int rem; b > 0; rem = a % b, a = b, b = rem);",
" return a;",
" }",
" cpp_int LCM(cpp_int a, cpp_int b) {",
" return (a * b) / GCD(a, b);",
" }",
"public:",
" cpp_int num = 0, den = 1;",
" Fraction() {",
" num = 0;",
" den = 1;",
" };",
" Fraction(cpp_int n) {",
" num = n;",
" den = 1;",
" };",
" Fraction(cpp_int n, cpp_int d) {",
" if(d == 0) {",
" throw invalid_argument(\"Expected Non-Zero denominator\");",
" }",
" num = n;",
" den = d;",
" cpp_int g = GCD(num, den);",
" num /= g;",
" den /= g;",
" };",
" Fraction(const Fraction& f) {",
" num = f.num;",
" den = f.den;",
" };",
" Fraction(string s) {",
" int pos = s.find('/');",
" if(pos != string::npos) {",
" num = cpp_int(s.substr(0, pos));",
" den = cpp_int(s.substr(pos + 1, s.size()));",
" cpp_int g = GCD(num, den);",
" num /= g;",
" den /= g;",
" }",
" else {",
" num = stoll(s);",
" den = 1;",
" }",
" };",
" Fraction operator + (const Fraction& frac) {",
" cpp_int l = LCM(den, frac.den);",
" cpp_int a = num * (l / den);",
" cpp_int b = frac.num * (l / frac.den);",
" return Fraction(a + b, l);",
" }",
" void operator += (const Fraction& frac) {",
" Fraction f = Fraction(num, den);",
" f = (f + frac);",
" num = f.num;",
" den = f.den;",
" }",
" Fraction operator - (const Fraction& frac) {",
" cpp_int l = LCM(den, frac.den);",
" cpp_int a = num * (l / den);",
" cpp_int b = frac.num * (l / frac.den);",
" return Fraction(a - b, l);",
" }",
" void operator -= (const Fraction& frac) {",
" Fraction f = Fraction(num, den);",
" f = (f - frac);",
" num = f.num;",
" den = f.den;",
" }",
" Fraction operator * (const Fraction& frac) {",
" return Fraction(num * frac.num, den * frac.den);",
" }",
" void operator *= (const Fraction& frac) {",
" Fraction f = Fraction(num, den);",
" f = (f * frac);",
" num = f.num;",
" den = f.den;",
" }",
" Fraction operator / (const Fraction& frac) {",
" return Fraction(num * frac.den, den * frac.num);",
" }",
" void operator /= (const Fraction& frac) {",
" Fraction f = Fraction(num, den);",
" f = (f / frac);",
" num = f.num;",
" den = f.den;",
" }",
" bool operator == (const Fraction& frac) {",
" return (frac.num == num && frac.den == den);",
" }",
" bool operator != (const Fraction& frac) {",
" return !(frac.num == num && frac.den == den);",
" }",
" bool operator < (const Fraction& frac) {",
" cpp_int base = LCM(den, frac.den);",
" return (num * base/den) < (frac.num * base/frac.den);",
" }",
" bool operator <= (const Fraction& frac) {",
" cpp_int base = LCM(den, frac.den);",
" return (num * base/den) <= (frac.num * base/frac.den);",
" }",
" bool operator > (const Fraction& frac) {",
" cpp_int base = LCM(den, frac.den);",
" return (num * base/den) > (frac.num * base/frac.den);",
" }",
" bool operator >= (const Fraction& frac) {",
" cpp_int base = LCM(den, frac.den);",
" return (num * base/den) >= (frac.num * base/frac.den);",
" }",
" void print_fraction() {",
" if(den == 1) {",
" cout << num;",
" }",
" else {",
" cout << num << \"/\" << den;",
" }",
" }",
"};"
],
"description": "Fraction class"
},
"Next Greater in Right": {
"prefix": "Next Greater in Right",
"body": [
"vector<int> next_greater_in_right(vector<int> a, int n) {",
" vector<int> right_index(n, n);",
" stack<int> st;",
" for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {",
" while(!st.empty() && a[i] > a[st.top()]) {",
" right_index[st.top()] = i;",
" st.pop();",
" }",
" st.push(i);",
" }",
" return right_index;",
"}"
],
"description": "Next Greater in Right"
},
"Next Greater in Left": {
"prefix": "Next Greater in left",
"body": [
"vector<int> next_greater_in_left(vector<int>& a, int n) {",
" vector<int> left_index(n, -1);",
" stack<int> st;",
" for(int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {",
" while(!st.empty() && a[i] > a[st.top()]) {",
" left_index[st.top()] = i;",
" st.pop();",
" }",
" st.push(i);",
" }",
" return left_index;",
"}"
],
"description": "Next Greater in left"
},
"Next Smaller in right": {
"prefix": "Next Smaller in right",
"body": [
"vector<int> next_smaller_in_right(vector<int>& a, int n) {",
" vector<int> right_index(n, n);",
" stack<int> st;",
" for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {",
" while(!st.empty() && a[i] < a[st.top()]) {",
" right_index[st.top()] = i;",
" st.pop();",
" }",
" st.push(i);",
" }",
" return right_index;",
"}"
],
"description": "Next Smaller in right"
},
"Next Smaller in left": {
"prefix": "Next Smaller in left",
"body": [
"vector<int> next_smaller_in_left(vector<int>& a, int n) {",
" vector<int> left_index(n, -1);",
" stack<int> st;",
" for(int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {",
" while (!st.empty() && a[i] < a[st.top()]) {",
" left_index[st.top()] = i;",
" st.pop();",
" }",
" st.push(i);",
" }",
" return left_index;",
"}"
],
"description": "Next Smaller in left"
},
"Trie": {
"prefix": "Trie",
"body": [
"class Trie {",
"",
" private:",
" class Node {",
"",
" public:",
" map<char, Node*> next;",
" bool is_terminal_node;",
" int same_prefix_count;",
"",
" Node() {",
" is_terminal_node = false;",
" same_prefix_count = 0;",
" }",
" };",
"",
" Node *root;",
" string lcp;",
" int count;",
" int lcp_length;",
"",
" public:",
" Trie() {",
" root = new Node();",
" count = 0;",
" lcp_length = 0;",
" }",
"",
" int size() {",
" return count;",
" }",
"",
" void insert(string& str) {",
" if(contains(str)) {",
" return;",
" }",
" _insert(root, str, str.size());",
" count++;",
" if(count == 1) {",
" lcp.append(str);",
" }",
" else {",
" int i = 0;",
" const int length = min(lcp.size(), str.size());",
" for(; i < length && lcp[i] == str[i]; i++);",
" lcp.resize(i);",
" lcp_length = i;",
" }",
" }",
"",
" int longest_common_prefix_length() {",
" return lcp_length;",
" }",
"",
" string longest_common_prefix() {",
" return lcp;",
" }",
"",
" void remove(string& str) {",
" if(!contains(str)) {",
" return;",
" }",
" _remove(root, str, str.size());",
" }",
"",
" bool contains(string& str) {",
" return _find(root, str, str.size());",
" }",
"",
" int prefix_count(string& prefix) {",
" return _prefix_count(root, prefix, prefix.size());",
" }",
"",
" private:",
" void _insert(Node* node, string& str, const int length) {",
" for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {",
" char ind = str[i];",
" if(node -> next[ind] == nullptr) {",
" node -> next[ind] = new Node();",
" }",
" (node -> next[ind]) -> same_prefix_count++;",
" node = node -> next[ind];",
" }",
" node -> is_terminal_node = true;",
" }",
"",
" void _remove(Node* node, string& str, const int length) {",
" for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {",
" char ind = str[i];",
" node = node -> next[ind];",
" }",
" node -> is_terminal_node = false;",
" count--;",
" }",
"",
" bool _find(Node* node, string& str, const int length) {",
" for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {",
" char ind = str[i];",
" if(node -> next[ind] == nullptr) {",
" return false;",
" }",
" node = node -> next[ind];",
" }",
" return node -> is_terminal_node;",
" }",
"",
" int _prefix_count(Node* node, string& prefix, const int length) {",
" for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {",
" char ind = prefix[i];",
" if(node -> next[ind] == nullptr) {",
" return 0;",
" }",
" node = node -> next[ind];",
" }",
" return node -> same_prefix_count;",
" }",
"};"
],
"description": "Trie"
},
"Permutations and Combinations": {
"prefix": "Permutations and Combinations",
"body": [
"vector<ll> fact;",
"vector<ll> inv_fact;",
"vector<ll> inv;",
"",
"void prepare(int N, ll p) {",
"",
" // factorials",
" fact.resize(N);",
" fact[0] = 1;",
" for(int i = 1; i < N; i++) {",
" fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i % p;",
" }",
"",
" // inv_factorials",
" inv_fact.resize(N);",
" inv_fact[N - 1] = power(fact[N - 1], p - 2, p);",
" for(int i = N - 2; i >= 0; i--) {",
" inv_fact[i] = inv_fact[i + 1] * (i + 1) % p;",
" }",
"",
" // inverses",
" inv.resize(N);",
" inv[0] = 0;",
" for(int i = 1; i < N; i++) {",
" inv[i] = fact[i - 1] * inv_fact[i] % p;",
" }",
"}",
"",
"ll nCr_mod_p(int n, int r, ll p) {",
" return fact[n] * (inv_fact[r] * inv_fact[n - r] % p) % p;",
"}",
"",
"ll nth_catalan_mod_p(int n, ll p) {",
" return nCr_mod_p(2 * n, n, p) * inv[n + 1] % p;",
"}"
],
"description": "Permutations and Combinations"
},
"Binary Search": {
"prefix": "Binary Search",
"body": [
"template <typename T>",
"int binary_search(vector<T>& a, T key) {",
" int lb = 0;",
" int ub = a.size() - 1;",
" while(lb <= ub) {",
" int mid = (lb + ub) / 2;",
" if(a[mid] == key) {",
" return mid;",
" }",
" else if(a[mid] < key) {",
" lb = mid + 1;",
" }",
" else {",
" ub = mid - 1;",
" }",
" }",
" return -1;",
"}"
],
"description": "Binary Search"
},
"Count Inversions": {
"prefix": "Count Inversions",
"body": [
"ll merge(vector<int>& a, int lb, int ub) {",
" vector<int> temp(ub + 1 - lb);",
" ll ans = 0;",
" int i = lb;",
" int mid = (lb + ub) / 2;",
" int j = mid + 1;",
" int ind = 0;",
" while(i <= mid && j <= ub) {",
" if(a[i] <= a[j]) {",
" temp[ind++] = a[i++];",
" }",
" else {",
" ans = ans + mid + 1 - i;",
" temp[ind++] = a[j++];",
" }",
" }",
" while(i <= mid) {",
" temp[ind++] = a[i++];",
" }",
" while(j <= ub) {",
" temp[ind++] = a[j++];",
" }",
" for(i = lb, ind = 0; i <= ub; i++, ind++) {",
" a[i] = temp[ind];",
" }",
" return ans;",
"}",
"",
"ll merge_sort(vector<int>& a, int lb, int ub) {",
" ll ans = 0;",
" if(lb < ub) {",
" int mid = (lb + ub) / 2;",
" ans += merge_sort(a, lb, mid);",
" ans += merge_sort(a, mid + 1, ub);",
" ans += merge(a, lb, ub);",
" }",
" return ans;",
"}",
"",
"ll count_inversions(vector<int>& a) {",
" return merge_sort(a, 0, a.size() - 1);",
"}"
],
"description": "Count Inversions"
},
"Longest Common Subsequence - Arrays": {
"prefix": "Longest Common Subsequence - Arrays",
"body": [
"int lcs(vector<int>& a, vector<int>& b) {",
" int m = a.size();",
" int n = b.size();",
" vector<vector<int>> dp (m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));",
" for(int i = 0; i <= m; i++) {",
" for(int j = 0; j <= n; j++) {",
" if(i == 0 || j == 0) {",
" dp[i][j] = 0;",
" }",
" else if(a[i - 1] == b[j - 1]) {",
" dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;",
" }",
" else {",
" dp[i][j] = max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1]);",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" return dp[m][n];",
"}"
],
"description": "Longest Common Subsequence - Arrays"
},
"Longest Common Subsequence - Strings": {
"prefix": "Longest Common Subsequence - Strings",
"body": [
"int lcs(string& a, string& b) {",
" int m = a.size();",
" int n = b.size();",
" vector<vector<int>> dp (m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));",
" for(int i = 0; i <= m; i++) {",
" for(int j = 0; j <= n; j++) {",
" if(i == 0 || j == 0) {",
" dp[i][j] = 0;",
" }",
" else if(a[i - 1] == b[j - 1]) {",
" dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;",
" }",
" else {",
" dp[i][j] = max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1]);",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" return dp[m][n];",
"}"
],
"description": "Longest Common Subsequence - Strings"
},
"Matrix Multiplication": {
"prefix": "Matrix Multiplication",
"body": [
"void matmul(vector<vector<ll>>& a, vector<vector<ll>>& b, vector<vector<ll>>& res, ll p) {",
" int M = a.size();",
" int N = a[0].size();",
" int P = b[0].size();",
" vector<vector<ll>> result(M, vector<ll>(P));",
" for(int i = 0; i < M; i++) {",
" for(int j = 0; j < P; j++) {",
" result[i][j] = 0;",
" for(int k = 0; k < N; k++) {",
" result[i][j] = (result[i][j] % p + (a[i][k] % p * b[k][j] % p) % p) % p;",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" for(int i = 0; i < M; i++) {",
" for(int j = 0; j < P; j++) {",
" res[i][j] = result[i][j];",
" }",
" }",
"}"
],
"description": "Matrix Multiplication"
},
"Fraction Matrix Multiplication": {
"prefix": "Fraction Matrix Multiplication",
"body": [
"void matmul(vector<vector<Fraction>>& a, vector<vector<Fraction>>& b, vector<vector<Fraction>>& res) {",
" int M = a.size();",
" int N = a[0].size();",
" int P = b[0].size();",
" vector<vector<Fraction>> result(M, vector<Fraction>(P));",
" for(int i = 0; i < M; i++) {",
" for(int j = 0; j < P; j++) {",
" result[i][j] = 0;",
" for(int k = 0; k < N; k++) {",
" result[i][j] = result[i][j] + a[i][k] * b[k][j];",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" for(int i = 0; i < M; i++) {",
" for(int j = 0; j < P; j++) {",
" res[i][j] = result[i][j];",
" }",
" }",
"}"
],
"description": "Fraction Matrix Multiplication"
},
"Matrix Exponentiation": {
"prefix": "Matrix Exponentiation",
"body": [
"vector<vector<ll>> power(vector<vector<ll>>& a, ll y, ll p) {",
" vector<vector<ll>> result(a.size(), vector<ll>(a.size(), 0));",
" for(int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) {",
" result[i][i] = 1;",
" }",
" for(; y > 0; y >>= 1, matmul(a, a, a, p)) {",
" if((y & 1) == 1) {",
" matmul(a, result, result, p);",
" }",
" }",
" return result;",
"}"
],
"description": "Matrix Exponentiation"
},
"Fraction Matrix Exponentiation": {
"prefix": "Fraction Matrix Exponentiation",
"body": [
"vector<vector<Fraction>> power(vector<vector<Fraction>>& a, ll y) {",
" vector<vector<Fraction>> result(a.size(), vector<Fraction>(a.size(), 0));",
" for(int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) {",
" result[i][i] = 1;",
" }",
" for(; y > 0; y >>= 1, matmul(a, a, a)) {",
" if((y & 1) == 1) {",
" matmul(a, result, result);",
" }",
" }",
" return result;",
"}"
],
"description": "Fraciton Matrix Exponentiation"
},
"Prefix Sum": {
"prefix": "Prefix Sum",
"body": [
"vector<ll> prefix_sum(vector<int>& a) {",
" int n = a.size();",
" vector<ll> prefix(n);",
" prefix[0] = a[0];",
" for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) {",
" prefix[i] = prefix[i - 1] + a[i];",
" }",
" return prefix;",
"}",
"",
"vector<ll> prefix_sum(vector<ll>& a) {",
" int n = a.size();",
" vector<ll> prefix(n);",
" prefix[0] = a[0];",
" for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) {",
" prefix[i] = prefix[i - 1] + a[i];",
" }",
" return prefix;",
"}"
],
"description": "Prefix Sum"
},
"Suffix Sum": {
"prefix": "Suffix Sum",
"body": [
"vector<ll> suffix_sum(vector<int>& a) {",
" int n = a.size();",
" vector<ll> suffix(n);",
" suffix[n - 1] = a[n - 1];",
" for(int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--) {",
" suffix[i] = suffix[i + 1] + a[i];",
" }",
" return suffix;",
"}",
"",
"vector<ll> suffix_sum(vector<ll>& a) {",
" int n = a.size();",
" vector<ll> suffix(n);",
" suffix[n - 1] = a[n - 1];",
" for(int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--) {",
" suffix[i] = suffix[i + 1] + a[i];",
" }",
" return suffix;",
"}"
],
"description": "Suffix Sum"
},
"Pop Count": {
"prefix": "Pop Count / Set Bit Count",
"body": [
"int pop_count(ll n) {",
" int c = 0;",
" for(; n > 0; c += n % 2, n >>= 1);",
" return c;",
"}"
],
"description": "Pop Count"
},
"DSU": {
"prefix": "DSU",
"body": [
"class DSU {",
" public:",
" int size = 0;",
" vector<int> parent;",
" vector<int> weight;",
"",
" DSU(int N) {",
" size = N;",
" parent.resize(size);",
" weight.resize(size, 1);",
" iota(parent.begin(), parent.end(), 0);",
" }",
" ",
" int get(int a) {",
" int p = parent[a];",
" for(; parent[p] != p; p = parent[parent[p]]);",
" for(int b = parent[a]; a != p; parent[a] = p, a = b, b = parent[a]);",
" return p;",
" }",
"",
" void join(int a, int b) {",
" a = get(a);",
" b = get(b);",
" if(a == b) {",
" return;",
" }",
" if(weight[a] < weight[b]) {",
" parent[a] = parent[b];",
" weight[b] += weight[a];",
" }",
" else {",
" parent[b] = parent[a];",
" weight[a] += weight[b];",
" }",
" }",
"",
" vector<vector<int>> get_components() {",
" vector<vector<int>> components;",
" map<int, vector<int>> component_map;",
" for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {",
" int p = get(i);",
" component_map[p].push_back(i);",
" }",
" for(auto component : component_map) {",
" components.push_back(component.second);",
" }",
" return components;",
" }",
"};"
],
"description": "Disjoint Set Union"
},
"Primality Class": {
"prefix": "Primality Class",
"body": [
"class Primality {",
" public:",
" bool check(ll n) {",
" if(n == 0 || n == 1) {",
" return false;",
" }",
" else if(n == 2 || n == 3) {",
" return true;",
" }",
" else if(n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) {",
" return false;",
" }",
" const int root = ((int)(sqrt(n)));",
" for(int i = 5; i <= root; i += 6) {",
" if(n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0) {",
" return false;",
" }",
" }",
" return true;",
" }",
" ll powr(ll x, ll y, ll p) {",
" ll result = 1;",
" for(result = 1; y > 0; x = (x % p * x % p) % p, y >>= 1)",
" if((y & 1) == 1)",
" result = (result % p * x % p) % p;",
" return result;",
" }",
"",
" bool check_composite(ll n, ll a, ll d, ll s) {",
" ll x = powr(a, d, n);",
" if(x == 1 || x == n - 1)",
" return false;",
" for(int r = 1; r < s; r++) {",
" x = (x % n * x % n) % n;",
" if(x == n - 1)",
" return false;",
" }",
" return true;",
" }",
" bool test(ll n) {",
" if(n < 2)",
" return false;",
" int r = 0;",
" ll d = n - 1;",
" while((d&1) == 0) {",
" d >>= 1;",
" r ++;",
" }",
" vector<int> primes = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37};",
" for(int i = 0; i < primes.size(); i++) {",
" int a = primes[i];",
" if(n == a)",
" return true;",
" if(check_composite(n, a, d, r))",
" return false;",
" }",
" return true;",
" }",
"};"
],
"description": "Primality Class"
},
"Yarin Sieve": {
"prefix": "Yarin Sieve",
"body": [
"#define MAXSIEVE 100000001",
"#define MAXSIEVEHALF (MAXSIEVE >> 1)",
"#define MAXSQRT 5000",
"#define isprime(n) (((n & 1) || (n == 2)) && (is_prime[n >> 4] & (1 << ((n >> 1) & 7))))",
"",
"char prime[MAXSIEVE / (1 << 4) + 2];",
"",
"int Yarin() {",
" memset(prime, (1 << (1 << 3)) - 1, sizeof(prime));",
" prime[0] = 0xFE;",
" for(int i = 1; i < MAXSQRT; i++) {",
" if(prime[i >> 3] & (1 << (i & 7))) {",
" for(int j = 2 * i * (i + 1); j < MAXSIEVEHALF; j += (i << 1) + 1) {",
" prime[j >> 3] &= ~(1 << (j & 7));",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" return 0;",
"}"
],
"description": "Yarin Sieve"
},
"Sieve Class": {
"prefix": "Sieve Class",
"body": [
"class Sieve {",
" public:",
" vector<bool> prime;",
" vector<int> primes;",
" vector<int> phi;",
" vector<int> spf;",
" vector<bool> sieve(int size) {",
" prime.resize(size, false);",
" prime[2] = true;",
" for(int i = 3; i < size; i += 2) {",
" prime[i] = true;",
" }",
" for(int i = 3; i <= sqrt(size); i += 2) {",
" if(prime[i]) {",
" for(int j = i * i; j < size; j += i) {",
" prime[j] = false;",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" return prime;",
" }",
" vector<int> get_primes(int size) {",
" if(prime.size() == 0) {",
" sieve(size);",
" }",
" if(primes.size() == 0) {",
" primes.push_back(2);",
" primes.push_back(3);",
" for(int i = 5; i + 2 < size; i += 6) {",
" if(prime[i]) {",
" primes.push_back(i);",
" }",
" if(prime[i + 2]) {",
" primes.push_back(i + 2);",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" return primes;",
" }",
"",
" vector<int> get_spf(int size) {",
" spf.resize(size);",
" spf[0] = spf[1] = 1;",
" for(int i = 2; i < size; i += 2) {",
" spf[i] = 2;",
" }",
" for(int i = 3; i < size; i += 2) {",
" spf[i] = i;",
" }",
" for(int i = 3; i < sqrt(size); i += 2) {",
" if(spf[i] == i) {",
" for(int j = i * i; j < size; j += i) {",
" if(spf[j] == j) {",
" spf[j] = i;",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" return spf;",
" }",
"",
" vector<int> get_totient(int size) {",
" phi.resize(size);",
" for(int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {",
" phi[i] = i;",
" }",
" for(int i = 2; i < size; i++) {",
" if(phi[i] == i) {",
" for(int j = i; j < size; j += i) {",
" phi[j] -= phi[j] / i;",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" return phi;",
" }",
"",
" int number_of_factors(int n) {",
" int ans = 1;",
" for(int c = 0; n > 1; c = 0) {",
" for(int s = spf[n]; s == spf[n]; n /= s, c++);",
" ans *= c + 1;",
" }",
" return ans;",
" }",
"",
"};"
],
"description": "Sieve Class"
},
"LCA": {
"prefix": "LCA",
"body": [
"class LCA {",
" /**",
" * @brief Lowest Common Ancestor for Multiple Queries",
" * Uses Binary Lifting to pre-compute in O(N log N) time",
" * And answer queries in Log N time",
" * @tparam vector<vector<int>>& adj: Adjacency list of the tree",
" */",
" ",
"public:",
" ",
" int N = 0, LOG = 0;",
" vector<vector<int>> ancestor;",
" vector<int> depth;",
" ",
" LCA(vector<vector<int>>& adj) {",
" N = adj.size();",
" LOG = ceil(log2(N)) + 2;",
" ancestor.resize(N, vector<int>(LOG));",
" depth.resize(N, 0);",
" vector<bool> visited(N);",
" dfs(adj, 0, visited);",
" }",
" ",
" int get_lca(int a, int b) {",
" if(depth[a] < depth[b]) {",
" swap(a, b);",
" }",
" ",
" int k = depth[a] - depth[b];",
" for(int j = LOG - 1; j >= 0; j--) {",
" if(k & (1 << j)) {",
" a = ancestor[a][j];",
" }",
" }",
" ",
" if(a == b) {",
" return a;",
" }",
" ",
" for(int j = LOG - 1; j >= 0; j--) {",
" if(ancestor[a][j] != ancestor[b][j]) {",
" a = ancestor[a][j];",
" b = ancestor[b][j];",
" }",
" }",
" ",
" return ancestor[a][0];",
" }",
" ",
"private:",
" ",
" void dfs(vector<vector<int>>& adj, int node, vector<bool>& visited) {",
" visited[node] = true;",
" for(int child : adj[node]) {",
" if(visited[child]) {",
" continue;",
" }",
" depth[child] = depth[node] + 1;",
" ancestor[child][0] = node;",
" for(int level = 1; level < LOG; level++) {",
" ancestor[child][level] = ancestor[ancestor[child][level-1]][level-1];",
" }",
" dfs(adj, child, visited);",
" }",
" }",
"};"
],
"description": "Lowest Common Ancestor for Multiple Queries"
},
"Dijkstra": {
"prefix": "Dijkstra",
"body": [
"vector<int> dijkstra(vector<vector<int>>& adj, int V, map<pair<int, int>, int>& cost, int start) {",
" /**",
" * Returns the distances",
" * from the vertex 'start' to other vertices",
" */",
"",
" // Visited array to keep track of visited vertices",
" vector<bool> visited(V, false);",
" // Distance array to keep track of distances to vertices",
" vector<int> dist(V, INT_MAX);",
"",
" dist[start] = 0;",
"",
" // Priority queue for min heap",
" priority_queue<pair<int, int>, vector<pair<int, int>>, greater<pair<int, int>>> pq;",
" pq.push(make_pair(0, start));",
"",
" for(; !pq.empty(); pq.pop()) {",
" // Pick the next promising pair that will guarantee",
" // Shortest path",
" pair<int, int> promising_pair = pq.top();",
" int value = promising_pair.first;",
" int vertex = promising_pair.second;",
"",
" // Mark this index as visited",
" visited[vertex] = true;",
"",
" // If the distance to this vertex is already less",
" // We will not apply relaxation to this vertex",
" if(dist[vertex] < value) continue;",
"",
" for(int child: adj[vertex]) {",
" if(visited[child]) {",
" continue;",
" }",
" int new_distance = dist[vertex] + cost[make_pair(vertex, child)];",
"",
" // If new distance is less than previous distance",
" // Relaxation is done on the cost to reach this vertex",
" if(new_distance < dist[child]) {",
" dist[child] = new_distance;",
" pq.push(make_pair(new_distance, child));",
" }",
" }",
" }",
" // dist[i] = INT_MAX if unreachable",
" return dist;",
"}"
],
"description": "Dijkstra's Algorithm"
},
"GP Hash Table": {
"prefix": "GP Hash Table",
"body": [
"#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>",
"using namespace __gnu_pbds;",