- there must be 12, 18 or 24 words in your mnemonic
- we have only the English word list
- we support BIP-39 passwords during import
- we can import a BIP-32 HD-wallet root private key in XPRV format
- it's assumed to be top-level, and we don't store the parent fingerprint or depth value
- SLIP-132 format HD-wallet keys are also supported (xprv/yprv/zprv), but we strip the implied address format
- 2-2 through 6-6 in size, numeric digits only
- pin code 999999-999999 is reserved (means 'clear pin')
- we don't know what day it is, so meta data on files will not have correct date/time
- encrypted files produced cannot be changed, and we don't support other tools making them
- cards up to 32G are supported
- we do not guarantee to support all cards ever made, or yet to be made
- we recommend 8G cards or smaller, since our storage needs are very modest
- with Electrum, we support classic payment addresses (p2pkh), Bech32 Segwit and P2SH/Segwit
- however, each wallet must be of a single address type; cannot be mixed (their limitation)
- the same Coldcard could be used in each of the three modes (we don't care about address format)
- with Bitcoin Core (version 0.17+), we can do PSBT transactions, which support all address types
- we don't support signing coinbase transactions, so don't mine directly into a Coldcard wallet
- mk3:
- we support transactions up to 384k-bytes in size when serialized into PSBT format
- we can handle transactions with up to 20 inputs to be signed at one time.
- a maximum of 250 outputs per transaction is supported (will attempt more if memory allows)
- mk4/Q:
- we support PSBT files up to 2M bytes in size.
- any number of inputs and outputs are supported, limited only by final transaction size (100k)
- tested with: 250 inputs, 2000 outputs
- bitcoin limits transactions to 100k, but there could be large input transactions inside the PSBT. Reduce this by using segwit signatures and provide only the individual UTXO ("out points").
- every transaction needs to have at least one output, or we reject it
- only one signature will be added per input. However, if needed the partly-signed PSBT can be given again, and the "next" leg will be signed.
- we do not support PSBT combining or finalizing of transactions involving P2SH signatures (so the combine step must be off-device)
- we can sign for P2SH and P2WSH addresses that represent multisig (M of N) but we cannot sign for non-standard scripts because we don't know how to present that to the user for approval.
- during USB "show address" for multisig, we limit subkey paths to 16 levels deep (including master fingerprint)
- max of 15 co-signers due to 520 byte script limitation in consensus layer with classic P2SH
- (mk3) we have space for up to 8 M-of-3 wallets, or a single M-of-15 wallet. YMMV
- only a single multisig wallet can be involved in a PSBT; can't sign inputs from two different multisig wallets at the same time.
- we always store xpubs in BIP-32 format, although we can read SLIP132 format (Ypub/Zpub/etc)
- change outputs (indicated with paths, scripts in output section) must correspond to the active multisig wallet, and cannot be used to describe an unrelated (multisig) wallet.
- derivation path for each cosigner must be known and consistent with PSBT
- XFP values (fingerprints) MUST be unique for each of the co-signers
- multisig wallet
name
can only contain printable ASCII charactersrange(32, 127)
- we support only BIP-67 (sorted multisig) wallets.
- all sighash flags are supported:
ALL
NONE
SINGLE
ALL|ANYONECANPAY
NONE|ANYONECANPAY
SINGLE|ANYONECANPAY
- any value other than ALL will cause a warning to be shown to user
- by default, we reject
NONE
andNONE|ANYONECANPAY
but there is a setting to allow
- we do not support U2F protocol, WebUSB or any other means for random websites to talk to us
- only native desktop/mobile apps, or helpers for those, will be able to talk USB to Coldcard
- Coldcard will, by default, reject any txn that pays a fee of more than 10% of its total value to miners. This limit is a setting: 10% (default), 25%, 50% or 'no limit'.
- Fees over 5% (was 1%) are shown as warnings.
- source code can probably only be compiled and developed on Mac OS and Linux
- we have very limited time to support other devs getting their setups working
We will summarize transaction outputs as "change" back into same wallet, however:
- PSBT must specify BIP-32 path in corresponding output section for us to treat as change
- for p2sh-wrapped segwit outputs, redeem script must be provided when needed
- any incorrect values here are assumed to be fraud attempts, and are highlighted to user
- the redeemScript for
p2wsh-p2sh
is optional, but if provided must be correct, ie: 0x00 + 0x20 + sha256(witnessScript) - the witnessScript in a
p2wsh-p2sh
is not optional. - depending on the address type of the output, different values are required in the
corresponding output section, as follows
p2pkh
: no redeemScript, no witnessScriptp2wpkh-p2sh
: only redeemScript (which will be:0x00 + 0x14 + HASH160(key)
)p2wpkh
: no redeemScript, no witnessScriptp2sh
: redeemScript that contains the a multisig script, ending in 0xAEp2wsh-p2sh
: redeemScript (which is:0x00 + 0x20 + sha256(witnessScript)
), and witnessScript (which contains the multisig script)p2wsh
: only witnessScript (which contains the actual multisig script)
- key derivatation paths must be 12 or less in depth (
MAX_PATH_DEPTH
)
- can share up to 8000 bytes of PSBT or signed transaction data.
- NFC-V (ISO-15693) radio/modulation is common on mobile phones but very rare on desktops
- each use of "fast wipe" feature consumes a MCU key slot, of which there are 256.
- use Advanced > Danger Zone > MCU Key Slots to view usage
- "deltamode" PIN must be same length as true pin, and differ only in final 4 positions.
- there are 14 trick "slots", but on mk4, we avoid slot 10, so 13 available. (Q: 14)
- duress wallets consume 2 slots (or 3 slots for legacy duress wallet) which must be contiguous
- when restoring trick pins from backup files, "forgotten" pins are not restored, and any trick pin which matches the true PIN of the restored system will be dropped
- deltamode PIN requirements are checked during wallet restore, and if the new true PIN is not compatible, the deltamode trick PIN is dropped and not restored
- duress wallets are supported when derived from 24- or 12-word seed phrases
- virtual USB serial port disabled completely by default, and even if enabled in Danger Zone, only echos output, and does not accept any input
- use hardware serial port for interactive REPL access (3.3v TTL levels)
- files up to 2MiB in size can be accepted
- when 14 or less parts, we display status of each part, if more, just percent complete
- if not BBQr (or sent as unicode inside BBQr) we auto detect these data types:
- PSBT in Base64 or hex
- Wire Transaction in Base64 or hex
- XPRV, XPUB, bare payment addresses, BIP-21 invoices
- seed words (truncated, or full)
- SeedQR (but not Compact SeedQR)
- for Base58, Bech32 encoded values, if checksum is wrong then it is shown as text
- binary QR codes are not supported
- when pasting into a secure note, if the QR's data is > 60 chars long, we assume done
- when Q picks a password for you (using F1 thru F5), the entropy is 126 bits or more, except F3 which makes an easier to type password of around 48 bits entropy.
- Title, Sitename and Username fields are limited to 32 characters in length.
- Passwords are limited to 128 characters.
- Note text is unlimited, but storing very large notes may affect performance system-wide.
- Q Backup files restored onto Mk4 will lose their notes, since notes feature is not supported.
- only the first 1528 addresses (764 each from internal and external (change/not) paths) are considered
- if you have used an sub-account, without ever exploring it in the Address Explorer, nor signing a PSBT with those account numbers, we do not search it.
- does not search Seed Vault, you'll need to load each of those and re-search
- if you have an XFP collision between multiple wallets in SeedVault (ie. two wallets with same descriptors, but different seeds) you will get false negatives