docker.go

/*
Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package dockertools

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"hash/adler32"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pkg/api"
	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pkg/capabilities"
	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pkg/client/record"
	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pkg/credentialprovider"
	kubecontainer "github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/container"
	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/leaky"
	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pkg/types"
	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pkg/util"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/parsers"
	docker "github.com/fsouza/go-dockerclient"
	"github.com/golang/glog"
)

const (
	PodInfraContainerName = leaky.PodInfraContainerName
	DockerPrefix          = "docker://"
)

const (
	// Taken from lmctfy https://github.com/google/lmctfy/blob/master/lmctfy/controllers/cpu_controller.cc
	minShares     = 2
	sharesPerCPU  = 1024
	milliCPUToCPU = 1000
)

// DockerInterface is an abstract interface for testability.  It abstracts the interface of docker.Client.
type DockerInterface interface {
	ListContainers(options docker.ListContainersOptions) ([]docker.APIContainers, error)
	InspectContainer(id string) (*docker.Container, error)
	CreateContainer(docker.CreateContainerOptions) (*docker.Container, error)
	StartContainer(id string, hostConfig *docker.HostConfig) error
	StopContainer(id string, timeout uint) error
	RemoveContainer(opts docker.RemoveContainerOptions) error
	InspectImage(image string) (*docker.Image, error)
	ListImages(opts docker.ListImagesOptions) ([]docker.APIImages, error)
	PullImage(opts docker.PullImageOptions, auth docker.AuthConfiguration) error
	RemoveImage(image string) error
	Logs(opts docker.LogsOptions) error
	Version() (*docker.Env, error)
	CreateExec(docker.CreateExecOptions) (*docker.Exec, error)
	StartExec(string, docker.StartExecOptions) error
}

// DockerID is an ID of docker container. It is a type to make it clear when we're working with docker container Ids
type DockerID string

type KubeletContainerName struct {
	PodFullName   string
	PodUID        types.UID
	ContainerName string
}

// DockerPuller is an abstract interface for testability.  It abstracts image pull operations.
type DockerPuller interface {
	Pull(image string) error
	IsImagePresent(image string) (bool, error)
}

// dockerPuller is the default implementation of DockerPuller.
type dockerPuller struct {
	client  DockerInterface
	keyring credentialprovider.DockerKeyring
}

type throttledDockerPuller struct {
	puller  dockerPuller
	limiter util.RateLimiter
}

// NewDockerPuller creates a new instance of the default implementation of DockerPuller.
func NewDockerPuller(client DockerInterface, qps float32, burst int) DockerPuller {
	dp := dockerPuller{
		client:  client,
		keyring: credentialprovider.NewDockerKeyring(),
	}

	if qps == 0.0 {
		return dp
	}
	return &throttledDockerPuller{
		puller:  dp,
		limiter: util.NewTokenBucketRateLimiter(qps, burst),
	}
}

type dockerContainerCommandRunner struct {
	client DockerInterface
}

// The first version of docker that supports exec natively is 1.3.0 == API 1.15
var dockerAPIVersionWithExec = []uint{1, 15}

// Returns the major and minor version numbers of docker server.
func (d *dockerContainerCommandRunner) GetDockerServerVersion() ([]uint, error) {
	env, err := d.client.Version()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get docker server version - %v", err)
	}
	version := []uint{}
	for _, entry := range *env {
		if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(entry), "apiversion") || strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(entry), "api version") {
			elems := strings.Split(strings.Split(entry, "=")[1], ".")
			for _, elem := range elems {
				val, err := strconv.ParseUint(elem, 10, 32)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse docker server version %q: %v", entry, err)
				}
				version = append(version, uint(val))
			}
			return version, nil
		}
	}
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker server version missing from server version output - %+v", env)
}

func (d *dockerContainerCommandRunner) nativeExecSupportExists() (bool, error) {
	version, err := d.GetDockerServerVersion()
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}
	if len(dockerAPIVersionWithExec) != len(version) {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("unexpected docker version format. Expecting %v format, got %v", dockerAPIVersionWithExec, version)
	}
	for idx, val := range dockerAPIVersionWithExec {
		if version[idx] < val {
			return false, nil
		}
	}
	return true, nil
}

func (d *dockerContainerCommandRunner) getRunInContainerCommand(containerID string, cmd []string) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
	args := append([]string{"exec"}, cmd...)
	command := exec.Command("/usr/sbin/nsinit", args...)
	command.Dir = fmt.Sprintf("/var/lib/docker/execdriver/native/%s", containerID)
	return command, nil
}

func (d *dockerContainerCommandRunner) runInContainerUsingNsinit(containerID string, cmd []string) ([]byte, error) {
	c, err := d.getRunInContainerCommand(containerID, cmd)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return c.CombinedOutput()
}

// RunInContainer uses nsinit to run the command inside the container identified by containerID
func (d *dockerContainerCommandRunner) RunInContainer(containerID string, cmd []string) ([]byte, error) {
	// If native exec support does not exist in the local docker daemon use nsinit.
	useNativeExec, err := d.nativeExecSupportExists()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if !useNativeExec {
		return d.runInContainerUsingNsinit(containerID, cmd)
	}
	createOpts := docker.CreateExecOptions{
		Container:    containerID,
		Cmd:          cmd,
		AttachStdin:  false,
		AttachStdout: true,
		AttachStderr: true,
		Tty:          false,
	}
	execObj, err := d.client.CreateExec(createOpts)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to run in container - Exec setup failed - %v", err)
	}
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	wrBuf := bufio.NewWriter(&buf)
	startOpts := docker.StartExecOptions{
		Detach:       false,
		Tty:          false,
		OutputStream: wrBuf,
		ErrorStream:  wrBuf,
		RawTerminal:  false,
	}
	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		errChan <- d.client.StartExec(execObj.ID, startOpts)
	}()
	wrBuf.Flush()
	return buf.Bytes(), <-errChan
}

// ExecInContainer uses nsenter to run the command inside the container identified by containerID.
//
// TODO:
//  - match cgroups of container
//  - should we support `docker exec`?
//  - should we support nsenter in a container, running with elevated privs and --pid=host?
func (d *dockerContainerCommandRunner) ExecInContainer(containerId string, cmd []string, stdin io.Reader, stdout, stderr io.WriteCloser, tty bool) error {
	container, err := d.client.InspectContainer(containerId)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if !container.State.Running {
		return fmt.Errorf("container not running (%s)", container)
	}

	containerPid := container.State.Pid

	// TODO what if the container doesn't have `env`???
	args := []string{"-t", fmt.Sprintf("%d", containerPid), "-m", "-i", "-u", "-n", "-p", "--", "env", "-i"}
	args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("HOSTNAME=%s", container.Config.Hostname))
	args = append(args, container.Config.Env...)
	args = append(args, cmd...)
	command := exec.Command("nsenter", args...)
	// TODO use exec.LookPath
	if tty {
		p, err := StartPty(command)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		defer p.Close()

		// make sure to close the stdout stream
		defer stdout.Close()

		if stdin != nil {
			go io.Copy(p, stdin)
		}

		if stdout != nil {
			go io.Copy(stdout, p)
		}

		return command.Wait()
	} else {
		cp := func(dst io.WriteCloser, src io.Reader, closeDst bool) {
			defer func() {
				if closeDst {
					dst.Close()
				}
			}()
			io.Copy(dst, src)
		}
		if stdin != nil {
			inPipe, err := command.StdinPipe()
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			go func() {
				cp(inPipe, stdin, false)
				inPipe.Close()
			}()
		}

		if stdout != nil {
			outPipe, err := command.StdoutPipe()
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			go cp(stdout, outPipe, true)
		}

		if stderr != nil {
			errPipe, err := command.StderrPipe()
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			go cp(stderr, errPipe, true)
		}

		return command.Run()
	}
}

// PortForward executes socat in the pod's network namespace and copies
// data between stream (representing the user's local connection on their
// computer) and the specified port in the container.
//
// TODO:
//  - match cgroups of container
//  - should we support nsenter + socat on the host? (current impl)
//  - should we support nsenter + socat in a container, running with elevated privs and --pid=host?
func (d *dockerContainerCommandRunner) PortForward(podInfraContainerID string, port uint16, stream io.ReadWriteCloser) error {
	container, err := d.client.InspectContainer(podInfraContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if !container.State.Running {
		return fmt.Errorf("container not running (%s)", container)
	}

	containerPid := container.State.Pid
	// TODO use exec.LookPath for socat / what if the host doesn't have it???
	args := []string{"-t", fmt.Sprintf("%d", containerPid), "-n", "socat", "-", fmt.Sprintf("TCP4:localhost:%d", port)}
	// TODO use exec.LookPath
	command := exec.Command("nsenter", args...)
	in, err := command.StdinPipe()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	out, err := command.StdoutPipe()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	go io.Copy(in, stream)
	go io.Copy(stream, out)
	return command.Run()
}

// NewDockerContainerCommandRunner creates a ContainerCommandRunner which uses nsinit to run a command
// inside a container.
func NewDockerContainerCommandRunner(client DockerInterface) ContainerCommandRunner {
	return &dockerContainerCommandRunner{client: client}
}

func parseImageName(image string) (string, string) {
	return parsers.ParseRepositoryTag(image)
}

func (p dockerPuller) Pull(image string) error {
	repoToPull, tag := parseImageName(image)

	// If no tag was specified, use the default "latest".
	if len(tag) == 0 {
		tag = "latest"
	}

	opts := docker.PullImageOptions{
		Repository: repoToPull,
		Tag:        tag,
	}

	creds, ok := p.keyring.Lookup(repoToPull)
	if !ok {
		glog.V(1).Infof("Pulling image %s without credentials", image)
	}

	err := p.client.PullImage(opts, creds)
	// If there was no error, or we had credentials, just return the error.
	if err == nil || ok {
		return err
	}
	// Image spec: [<registry>/]<repository>/<image>[:<version] so we count '/'
	explicitRegistry := (strings.Count(image, "/") == 2)
	// Hack, look for a private registry, and decorate the error with the lack of
	// credentials.  This is heuristic, and really probably could be done better
	// by talking to the registry API directly from the kubelet here.
	if explicitRegistry {
		return fmt.Errorf("image pull failed for %s, this may be because there are no credentials on this request.  details: (%v)", image, err)
	}
	return err
}

func (p throttledDockerPuller) Pull(image string) error {
	if p.limiter.CanAccept() {
		return p.puller.Pull(image)
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("pull QPS exceeded.")
}

func (p dockerPuller) IsImagePresent(image string) (bool, error) {
	_, err := p.client.InspectImage(image)
	if err == nil {
		return true, nil
	}
	// This is super brittle, but its the best we got.
	// TODO: Land code in the docker client to use docker.Error here instead.
	if err.Error() == "no such image" {
		return false, nil
	}
	return false, err
}

func (p throttledDockerPuller) IsImagePresent(name string) (bool, error) {
	return p.puller.IsImagePresent(name)
}

// DockerContainers is a map of containers
type DockerContainers map[DockerID]*docker.APIContainers

func (c DockerContainers) FindPodContainer(podFullName string, uid types.UID, containerName string) (*docker.APIContainers, bool, uint64) {
	for _, dockerContainer := range c {
		if len(dockerContainer.Names) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		// TODO(proppy): build the docker container name and do a map lookup instead?
		dockerName, hash, err := ParseDockerName(dockerContainer.Names[0])
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		if dockerName.PodFullName == podFullName &&
			(uid == "" || dockerName.PodUID == uid) &&
			dockerName.ContainerName == containerName {
			return dockerContainer, true, hash
		}
	}
	return nil, false, 0
}

// RemoveContainerWithID removes the container with the given containerID.
func (c DockerContainers) RemoveContainerWithID(containerID DockerID) {
	delete(c, containerID)
}

// FindContainersByPod returns the containers that belong to the pod.
func (c DockerContainers) FindContainersByPod(podUID types.UID, podFullName string) DockerContainers {
	containers := make(DockerContainers)
	for _, dockerContainer := range c {
		if len(dockerContainer.Names) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		dockerName, _, err := ParseDockerName(dockerContainer.Names[0])
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		if podUID == dockerName.PodUID ||
			(podUID == "" && podFullName == dockerName.PodFullName) {
			containers[DockerID(dockerContainer.ID)] = dockerContainer
		}
	}
	return containers
}

// GetKubeletDockerContainers takes client and boolean whether to list all container or just the running ones.
// Returns a map of docker containers that we manage. The map key is the docker container ID
func GetKubeletDockerContainers(client DockerInterface, allContainers bool) (DockerContainers, error) {
	result := make(DockerContainers)
	containers, err := client.ListContainers(docker.ListContainersOptions{All: allContainers})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for i := range containers {
		container := &containers[i]
		if len(container.Names) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		// Skip containers that we didn't create to allow users to manually
		// spin up their own containers if they want.
		// TODO(dchen1107): Remove the old separator "--" by end of Oct
		if !strings.HasPrefix(container.Names[0], "/"+containerNamePrefix+"_") &&
			!strings.HasPrefix(container.Names[0], "/"+containerNamePrefix+"--") {
			glog.V(3).Infof("Docker Container: %s is not managed by kubelet.", container.Names[0])
			continue
		}
		result[DockerID(container.ID)] = container
	}
	return result, nil
}

// GetRecentDockerContainersWithNameAndUUID returns a list of dead docker containers which matches the name
// and uid given.
func GetRecentDockerContainersWithNameAndUUID(client DockerInterface, podFullName string, uid types.UID, containerName string) ([]*docker.Container, error) {
	var result []*docker.Container
	containers, err := client.ListContainers(docker.ListContainersOptions{All: true})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for _, dockerContainer := range containers {
		if len(dockerContainer.Names) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		dockerName, _, err := ParseDockerName(dockerContainer.Names[0])
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		if dockerName.PodFullName != podFullName {
			continue
		}
		if uid != "" && dockerName.PodUID != uid {
			continue
		}
		if dockerName.ContainerName != containerName {
			continue
		}
		inspectResult, _ := client.InspectContainer(dockerContainer.ID)
		if inspectResult != nil && !inspectResult.State.Running && !inspectResult.State.Paused {
			result = append(result, inspectResult)
		}
	}
	return result, nil
}

// GetKubeletDockerContainerLogs returns logs of specific container
// By default the function will return snapshot of the container log
// Log streaming is possible if 'follow' param is set to true
// Log tailing is possible when number of tailed lines are set and only if 'follow' is false
// TODO: Make 'RawTerminal' option  flagable.
func GetKubeletDockerContainerLogs(client DockerInterface, containerID, tail string, follow bool, stdout, stderr io.Writer) (err error) {
	opts := docker.LogsOptions{
		Container:    containerID,
		Stdout:       true,
		Stderr:       true,
		OutputStream: stdout,
		ErrorStream:  stderr,
		Timestamps:   true,
		RawTerminal:  false,
		Follow:       follow,
	}

	if !follow {
		opts.Tail = tail
	}

	err = client.Logs(opts)
	return
}

var (
	// ErrNoContainersInPod is returned when there are no containers for a given pod
	ErrNoContainersInPod = errors.New("no containers exist for this pod")

	// ErrNoPodInfraContainerInPod is returned when there is no pod infra container for a given pod
	ErrNoPodInfraContainerInPod = errors.New("No pod infra container exists for this pod")

	// ErrContainerCannotRun is returned when a container is created, but cannot run properly
	ErrContainerCannotRun = errors.New("Container cannot run")
)

// Internal information kept for containers from inspection
type containerStatusResult struct {
	status api.ContainerStatus
	ip     string
	err    error
}

func inspectContainer(client DockerInterface, dockerID, containerName, tPath string) *containerStatusResult {
	result := containerStatusResult{api.ContainerStatus{}, "", nil}

	inspectResult, err := client.InspectContainer(dockerID)

	if err != nil {
		result.err = err
		return &result
	}
	if inspectResult == nil {
		// Why did we not get an error?
		return &result
	}

	glog.V(3).Infof("Container inspect result: %+v", *inspectResult)
	result.status = api.ContainerStatus{
		Name:        containerName,
		Image:       inspectResult.Config.Image,
		ImageID:     DockerPrefix + inspectResult.Image,
		ContainerID: DockerPrefix + dockerID,
	}

	waiting := true
	if inspectResult.State.Running {
		result.status.State.Running = &api.ContainerStateRunning{
			StartedAt: util.NewTime(inspectResult.State.StartedAt),
		}
		if containerName == PodInfraContainerName && inspectResult.NetworkSettings != nil {
			result.ip = inspectResult.NetworkSettings.IPAddress
		}
		waiting = false
	} else if !inspectResult.State.FinishedAt.IsZero() {
		reason := ""
		// Note: An application might handle OOMKilled gracefully.
		// In that case, the container is oom killed, but the exit
		// code could be 0.
		if inspectResult.State.OOMKilled {
			reason = "OOM Killed"
		} else {
			reason = inspectResult.State.Error
		}
		result.status.State.Termination = &api.ContainerStateTerminated{
			ExitCode:   inspectResult.State.ExitCode,
			Reason:     reason,
			StartedAt:  util.NewTime(inspectResult.State.StartedAt),
			FinishedAt: util.NewTime(inspectResult.State.FinishedAt),
		}
		if tPath != "" {
			path, found := inspectResult.Volumes[tPath]
			if found {
				data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
				if err != nil {
					glog.Errorf("Error on reading termination-log %s: %v", path, err)
				} else {
					result.status.State.Termination.Message = string(data)
				}
			}
		}
		waiting = false
	}

	if waiting {
		// TODO(dchen1107): Separate issue docker/docker#8294 was filed
		// TODO(dchen1107): Need to figure out why we are still waiting
		// Check any issue to run container
		result.status.State.Waiting = &api.ContainerStateWaiting{
			Reason: ErrContainerCannotRun.Error(),
		}
	}

	return &result
}

// GetDockerPodStatus returns docker related status for all containers in the pod/manifest and
// infrastructure container
func GetDockerPodStatus(client DockerInterface, manifest api.PodSpec, podFullName string, uid types.UID) (*api.PodStatus, error) {
	var podStatus api.PodStatus
	statuses := make(map[string]api.ContainerStatus)

	expectedContainers := make(map[string]api.Container)
	for _, container := range manifest.Containers {
		expectedContainers[container.Name] = container
	}
	expectedContainers[PodInfraContainerName] = api.Container{}

	containers, err := client.ListContainers(docker.ListContainersOptions{All: true})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	for _, value := range containers {
		if len(value.Names) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		dockerName, _, err := ParseDockerName(value.Names[0])
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		if dockerName.PodFullName != podFullName {
			continue
		}
		if uid != "" && dockerName.PodUID != uid {
			continue
		}
		dockerContainerName := dockerName.ContainerName
		c, found := expectedContainers[dockerContainerName]
		terminationMessagePath := ""
		if !found {
			// TODO(dchen1107): should figure out why not continue here
			// continue
		} else {
			terminationMessagePath = c.TerminationMessagePath
		}
		// We assume docker return us a list of containers in time order
		if containerStatus, found := statuses[dockerContainerName]; found {
			containerStatus.RestartCount += 1
			statuses[dockerContainerName] = containerStatus
			continue
		}

		result := inspectContainer(client, value.ID, dockerContainerName, terminationMessagePath)
		if result.err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		// Add user container information
		if dockerContainerName == PodInfraContainerName &&
			result.status.State.Running != nil {
			// Found network container
			podStatus.PodIP = result.ip
		} else {
			statuses[dockerContainerName] = result.status
		}
	}

	if len(statuses) == 0 && podStatus.PodIP == "" {
		return nil, ErrNoContainersInPod
	}

	// Not all containers expected are created, check if there are
	// image related issues
	if len(statuses) < len(manifest.Containers) {
		var containerStatus api.ContainerStatus
		for _, container := range manifest.Containers {
			if _, found := statuses[container.Name]; found {
				continue
			}

			image := container.Image
			// Check image is ready on the node or not
			// TODO(dchen1107): docker/docker/issues/8365 to figure out if the image exists
			_, err := client.InspectImage(image)
			if err == nil {
				containerStatus.State.Waiting = &api.ContainerStateWaiting{
					Reason: fmt.Sprintf("Image: %s is ready, container is creating", image),
				}
			} else if err == docker.ErrNoSuchImage {
				containerStatus.State.Waiting = &api.ContainerStateWaiting{
					Reason: fmt.Sprintf("Image: %s is not ready on the node", image),
				}
			} else {
				containerStatus.State.Waiting = &api.ContainerStateWaiting{
					Reason: err.Error(),
				}
			}

			statuses[container.Name] = containerStatus
		}
	}

	podStatus.ContainerStatuses = make([]api.ContainerStatus, 0)
	for _, status := range statuses {
		podStatus.ContainerStatuses = append(podStatus.ContainerStatuses, status)
	}

	return &podStatus, nil
}

const containerNamePrefix = "k8s"

func HashContainer(container *api.Container) uint64 {
	hash := adler32.New()
	util.DeepHashObject(hash, *container)
	return uint64(hash.Sum32())
}

// Creates a name which can be reversed to identify both full pod name and container name.
func BuildDockerName(dockerName KubeletContainerName, container *api.Container) string {
	containerName := dockerName.ContainerName + "." + strconv.FormatUint(HashContainer(container), 16)
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%s_%s_%08x",
		containerNamePrefix,
		containerName,
		dockerName.PodFullName,
		dockerName.PodUID,
		rand.Uint32())
}

// Unpacks a container name, returning the pod full name and container name we would have used to
// construct the docker name. If we are unable to parse the name, an error is returned.
func ParseDockerName(name string) (dockerName *KubeletContainerName, hash uint64, err error) {
	// For some reason docker appears to be appending '/' to names.
	// If it's there, strip it.
	name = strings.TrimPrefix(name, "/")
	parts := strings.Split(name, "_")
	if len(parts) == 0 || parts[0] != containerNamePrefix {
		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Docker container name %q into parts", name)
		return nil, 0, err
	}
	if len(parts) < 6 {
		// We have at least 5 fields.  We may have more in the future.
		// Anything with less fields than this is not something we can
		// manage.
		glog.Warningf("found a container with the %q prefix, but too few fields (%d): %q", containerNamePrefix, len(parts), name)
		err = fmt.Errorf("Docker container name %q has less parts than expected %v", name, parts)
		return nil, 0, err
	}

	nameParts := strings.Split(parts[1], ".")
	containerName := nameParts[0]
	if len(nameParts) > 1 {
		hash, err = strconv.ParseUint(nameParts[1], 16, 32)
		if err != nil {
			glog.Warningf("invalid container hash %q in container %q", nameParts[1], name)
		}
	}

	podFullName := parts[2] + "_" + parts[3]
	podUID := types.UID(parts[4])

	return &KubeletContainerName{podFullName, podUID, containerName}, hash, nil
}

func GetRunningContainers(client DockerInterface, ids []string) ([]*docker.Container, error) {
	result := []*docker.Container{}
	if client == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected nil docker client.")
	}
	for ix := range ids {
		status, err := client.InspectContainer(ids[ix])
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if status != nil && status.State.Running {
			result = append(result, status)
		}
	}
	return result, nil
}

// Get a docker endpoint, either from the string passed in, or $DOCKER_HOST environment variables
func getDockerEndpoint(dockerEndpoint string) string {
	var endpoint string
	if len(dockerEndpoint) > 0 {
		endpoint = dockerEndpoint
	} else if len(os.Getenv("DOCKER_HOST")) > 0 {
		endpoint = os.Getenv("DOCKER_HOST")
	} else {
		endpoint = "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
	}
	glog.Infof("Connecting to docker on %s", endpoint)

	return endpoint
}

func ConnectToDockerOrDie(dockerEndpoint string) DockerInterface {
	if dockerEndpoint == "fake://" {
		return &FakeDockerClient{
			VersionInfo: []string{"apiVersion=1.16"},
		}
	}
	client, err := docker.NewClient(getDockerEndpoint(dockerEndpoint))
	if err != nil {
		glog.Fatal("Couldn't connect to docker.")
	}
	return client
}

type ContainerCommandRunner interface {
	RunInContainer(containerID string, cmd []string) ([]byte, error)
	GetDockerServerVersion() ([]uint, error)
	ExecInContainer(containerID string, cmd []string, in io.Reader, out, err io.WriteCloser, tty bool) error
	PortForward(podInfraContainerID string, port uint16, stream io.ReadWriteCloser) error
}

func GetPods(client DockerInterface, all bool) ([]*kubecontainer.Pod, error) {
	pods := make(map[types.UID]*kubecontainer.Pod)
	var result []*kubecontainer.Pod

	containers, err := GetKubeletDockerContainers(client, all)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Group containers by pod.
	for _, c := range containers {
		if len(c.Names) == 0 {
			glog.Warningf("Cannot parse empty docker container name: %#v", c.Names)
			continue
		}
		dockerName, hash, err := ParseDockerName(c.Names[0])
		if err != nil {
			glog.Warningf("Parse docker container name %q error: %v", c.Names[0], err)
			continue
		}
		pod, found := pods[dockerName.PodUID]
		if !found {
			name, namespace, err := kubecontainer.ParsePodFullName(dockerName.PodFullName)
			if err != nil {
				glog.Warningf("Parse pod full name %q error: %v", dockerName.PodFullName, err)
				continue
			}
			pod = &kubecontainer.Pod{
				ID:        dockerName.PodUID,
				Name:      name,
				Namespace: namespace,
			}
			pods[dockerName.PodUID] = pod
		}
		pod.Containers = append(pod.Containers, &kubecontainer.Container{
			ID:      types.UID(c.ID),
			Name:    dockerName.ContainerName,
			Hash:    hash,
			Created: c.Created,
		})
	}

	// Convert map to list.
	for _, c := range pods {
		result = append(result, c)
	}
	return result, nil
}

func milliCPUToShares(milliCPU int64) int64 {
	if milliCPU == 0 {
		// zero milliCPU means unset. Use kernel default.
		return 0
	}
	// Conceptually (milliCPU / milliCPUToCPU) * sharesPerCPU, but factored to improve rounding.
	shares := (milliCPU * sharesPerCPU) / milliCPUToCPU
	if shares < minShares {
		return minShares
	}
	return shares
}

func makePortsAndBindings(container *api.Container) (map[docker.Port]struct{}, map[docker.Port][]docker.PortBinding) {
	exposedPorts := map[docker.Port]struct{}{}
	portBindings := map[docker.Port][]docker.PortBinding{}
	for _, port := range container.Ports {
		exteriorPort := port.HostPort
		if exteriorPort == 0 {
			// No need to do port binding when HostPort is not specified
			continue
		}
		interiorPort := port.ContainerPort
		// Some of this port stuff is under-documented voodoo.
		// See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20428302/binding-a-port-to-a-host-interface-using-the-rest-api
		var protocol string
		switch strings.ToUpper(string(port.Protocol)) {
		case "UDP":
			protocol = "/udp"
		case "TCP":
			protocol = "/tcp"
		default:
			glog.Warningf("Unknown protocol %q: defaulting to TCP", port.Protocol)
			protocol = "/tcp"
		}
		dockerPort := docker.Port(strconv.Itoa(interiorPort) + protocol)
		exposedPorts[dockerPort] = struct{}{}
		portBindings[dockerPort] = []docker.PortBinding{
			{
				HostPort: strconv.Itoa(exteriorPort),
				HostIP:   port.HostIP,
			},
		}
	}
	return exposedPorts, portBindings
}

func makeCapabilites(capAdd []api.CapabilityType, capDrop []api.CapabilityType) ([]string, []string) {
	var (
		addCaps  []string
		dropCaps []string
	)
	for _, cap := range capAdd {
		addCaps = append(addCaps, string(cap))
	}
	for _, cap := range capDrop {
		dropCaps = append(dropCaps, string(cap))
	}
	return addCaps, dropCaps
}

// RunContainer creates and starts a docker container with the required RunContainerOptions.
// On success it will return the container's ID with nil error. During the process, it will
// use the reference and event recorder to report the state of the container (e.g. created,
// started, failed, etc.).
// TODO(yifan): To use a strong type for the returned container ID.
func RunContainer(client DockerInterface, container *api.Container, pod *api.Pod, opts *kubecontainer.RunContainerOptions,
	refManager *kubecontainer.RefManager, ref *api.ObjectReference, recorder record.EventRecorder) (string, error) {
	dockerName := KubeletContainerName{
		PodFullName:   kubecontainer.GetPodFullName(pod),
		PodUID:        pod.UID,
		ContainerName: container.Name,
	}
	exposedPorts, portBindings := makePortsAndBindings(container)
	// TODO(vmarmol): Handle better.
	// Cap hostname at 63 chars (specification is 64bytes which is 63 chars and the null terminating char).
	const hostnameMaxLen = 63
	containerHostname := pod.Name
	if len(containerHostname) > hostnameMaxLen {
		containerHostname = containerHostname[:hostnameMaxLen]
	}
	dockerOpts := docker.CreateContainerOptions{
		Name: BuildDockerName(dockerName, container),
		Config: &docker.Config{
			Cmd:          container.Command,
			Env:          opts.Envs,
			ExposedPorts: exposedPorts,
			Hostname:     containerHostname,
			Image:        container.Image,
			Memory:       container.Resources.Limits.Memory().Value(),
			CPUShares:    milliCPUToShares(container.Resources.Limits.Cpu().MilliValue()),
			WorkingDir:   container.WorkingDir,
		},
	}
	dockerContainer, err := client.CreateContainer(dockerOpts)
	if err != nil {
		if ref != nil {
			recorder.Eventf(ref, "failed", "Failed to create docker container with error: %v", err)
		}
		return "", err
	}
	// Remember this reference so we can report events about this container
	if ref != nil {
		refManager.SetRef(dockerContainer.ID, ref)
		recorder.Eventf(ref, "created", "Created with docker id %v", dockerContainer.ID)
	}

	// The reason we create and mount the log file in here (not in kubelet) is because
	// the file's location depends on the ID of the container, and we need to create and
	// mount the file before actually starting the container.
	// TODO(yifan): Consider to pull this logic out since we might need to reuse it in
	// other container runtime.
	if opts.PodContainerDir != "" && len(container.TerminationMessagePath) != 0 {
		containerLogPath := path.Join(opts.PodContainerDir, dockerContainer.ID)
		fs, err := os.Create(containerLogPath)
		if err != nil {
			// TODO: Clean up the previouly created dir? return the error?
			glog.Errorf("Error on creating termination-log file %q: %v", containerLogPath, err)
		} else {
			fs.Close() // Close immediately; we're just doing a `touch` here
			b := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", containerLogPath, container.TerminationMessagePath)
			opts.Binds = append(opts.Binds, b)
		}
	}

	privileged := false
	if capabilities.Get().AllowPrivileged {
		privileged = container.Privileged
	} else if container.Privileged {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("container requested privileged mode, but it is disallowed globally.")
	}

	capAdd, capDrop := makeCapabilites(container.Capabilities.Add, container.Capabilities.Drop)
	hc := &docker.HostConfig{
		PortBindings: portBindings,
		Binds:        opts.Binds,
		NetworkMode:  opts.NetMode,
		IpcMode:      opts.IpcMode,
		Privileged:   privileged,
		CapAdd:       capAdd,
		CapDrop:      capDrop,
	}
	if len(opts.DNS) > 0 {
		hc.DNS = opts.DNS
	}
	if len(opts.DNSSearch) > 0 {
		hc.DNSSearch = opts.DNSSearch
	}

	if err = client.StartContainer(dockerContainer.ID, hc); err != nil {
		if ref != nil {
			recorder.Eventf(ref, "failed",
				"Failed to start with docker id %v with error: %v", dockerContainer.ID, err)
		}
		return "", err
	}
	if ref != nil {
		recorder.Eventf(ref, "started", "Started with docker id %v", dockerContainer.ID)
	}
	return dockerContainer.ID, nil
}