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Natural language inference

Natural language inference is the task of determining whether a "hypothesis" is true (entailment), false (contradiction), or undetermined (neutral) given a "premise".

Example:

Premise Label Hypothesis
A man inspects the uniform of a figure in some East Asian country. contradiction The man is sleeping.
An older and younger man smiling. neutral Two men are smiling and laughing at the cats playing on the floor.
A soccer game with multiple males playing. entailment Some men are playing a sport.

SNLI

The Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) Corpus contains around 550k hypothesis/premise pairs. Models are evaluated based on accuracy.

State-of-the-art results can be seen on the SNLI website.

MultiNLI

The Multi-Genre Natural Language Inference (MultiNLI) corpus contains around 433k hypothesis/premise pairs. It is similar to the SNLI corpus, but covers a range of genres of spoken and written text and supports cross-genre evaluation. The data can be downloaded from the MultiNLI website.

Public leaderboards for in-genre (matched) and cross-genre (mismatched) evaluation are available, but entries do not correspond to published models.

Model Matched Mismatched Paper / Source
Finetuned Transformer LM (Radford et al., 2018) 82.1 81.4 Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training
Multi-task BiLSTM + Attn (Wang et al., 2018) 72.2 72.1 GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding
GenSen (Subramanian et al., 2018) 71.4 71.3 Learning General Purpose Distributed Sentence Representations via Large Scale Multi-task Learning

SciTail

The SciTail entailment dataset consists of 27k. In contrast to the SNLI and MultiNLI, it was not crowd-sourced but created from sentences that already exist "in the wild". Hypotheses were created from science questions and the corresponding answer candidates, while relevant web sentences from a large corpus were used as premises. Models are evaluated based on accuracy.

Model Accuracy Paper / Source
Finetuned Transformer LM (Radford et al., 2018) 88.3 Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training
CAFE (Tay et al., 2018) 83.3 A Compare-Propagate Architecture with Alignment Factorization for Natural Language Inference

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