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<p>
<h1>Explore your own text collection with a topic model – without prior knowledge.</h1>
<p>The text mining technique <i>topic modeling</i> has become a popular procedure for clustering
documents
into semantic groups. This application introduces a user-friendly workflow which leads from raw
text
data to an interactive visualization of the topic model. All you need is a text corpus and a
little
time.</p>
<blockquote>Topic modeling algorithms are statistical methods that analyze the words of the
original texts
to discover the themes that run through them, how those themes are connected to each other, and
how
they change over time.
<footer>
<cite>
<a href="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~blei/papers/Blei2012.pdf">David M. Blei</a>
</cite>
</footer>
</blockquote>
</p>
<h2>Overview</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#getting started">Getting started</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#the application">The application</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#the sample corpus">The sample corpus</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#example visualizations">Example visualizations</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#developing">Developing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#what is topic modeling">What is topic modeling?</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#what is dariah-de">What is DARIAH-DE?</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#license">License</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="getting started">Getting started</h2>
<p>Windows, macOS and Linux users
<strong>do not</strong> have to install additional software. The application itself is
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_application">portable</a>.</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Go to the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/DARIAH-DE/TopicsExplorer/releases/latest">release-section</a>
and download the archive for your OS.</li>
<li>Extract the content of the archive.</li>
<li>Run the app by double-clicking the file
<strong>DARIAH Topics Explorer</strong>.</li>
</ol>
<p>You can also use the most recent source code (if you are not on Windows):</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Go to the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/DARIAH-DE/TopicsExplorer/releases/latest">release-section</a>
and download the
<strong>source code</strong> as ZIP archive.</li>
<li>Unzip the archive, e.g. using
<code>unzip</code> via the command-line.</li>
<li>Make sure you have
<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.pipenv.org/">Pipenv</a> installed (if not: use
<code>pip install --user pipenv</code>).</li>
<li>Run
<code>pipenv install</code> within the extracted archive, and afterwards
<code>pipenv shell</code>.</li>
<li>To start the application, type
<code>python topicsexplorer.py</code>, and press enter.</li>
</ol>
<div>
<h4 class="highlight center" style="padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left;">Note</h4>
<p class="highlight center" style="text-align: left;">If you want to use the sample corpus, you
must clone the
repository with Git (<strong>not</strong> download the source code from the
<strong>release-section</strong>). See also section
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/DARIAH-DE/TopicsExplorer#the-sample-corpus">The
sample
corpus</a> on GitHub. If you download one of the archives (except the source code) from the
release section,
the corpus is included.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="application">The application</h2>
<img style="width: 800px; margin: 0 auto;" alt="Screenshot of DARIAH Topics Explorer" src="assets/application-screenshot.png" />
<p>This application is designed to introduce topic modeling particularly gently (e.g. for educational purpose).
If you have a very large text corpus, you may wish to use more <i>powerful</i> tools like <a href="http://mallet.cs.umass.edu/topics.php">MALLET</a>, which is written in Java and can be completely controlled from the command-line.
The topic modeling algorithm used in this application, <i>latent Dirichlet allocation</i>, was implemented
by <a href="https://www.ariddell.org">Allen B. Riddell</a> using collapsed Gibbs sampling as described in <a href="http://www.genetics.org/content/155/2/945.full">Pritchard et al. (2000)</a>.</p>
<p>You might want to check out some <a href="https://github.com/DARIAH-DE/Topics/tree/master/notebooks">Jupyter notebooks</a> for topic modeling in Python – experimenting with an example corpus on
<a href="https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/DARIAH-DE/Topics/master?filepath=notebooks%2FIntroducingLda.ipynb">Binder</a> does not require any software on your local machine.</p>
<h2>The sample corpus</h2>
<p>We provide a small sample corpus with which the application can be tested quickly and easily:
<table border="0" class="dataframe">
<thead>
<tr style="text-align: right;">
<th></th>
<th>Key 1</th>
<th>Key 2</th>
<th>Key 3</th>
<th>Key 4</th>
<th>Key 5</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Topic 1</th>
<td>captain</td>
<td>lord</td>
<td>whom</td>
<td>over</td>
<td>young</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Topic 2</th>
<td>phineas</td>
<td>laura</td>
<td>lord</td>
<td>finn</td>
<td>kennedy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Topic 3</th>
<td>jarndyce</td>
<td>quite</td>
<td>sir</td>
<td>richard</td>
<td>ada</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Topic 4</th>
<td>jones</td>
<td>indeed</td>
<td>adams</td>
<td>answered</td>
<td>may</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Topic 5</th>
<td>our</td>
<td>these</td>
<td>can</td>
<td>honour</td>
<td>without</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Topic 6</th>
<td>lopez</td>
<td>duke</td>
<td>wharton</td>
<td>course</td>
<td>duchess</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Topic 7</th>
<td>crawley</td>
<td>george</td>
<td>osborne</td>
<td>rebecca</td>
<td>amelia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Topic 8</th>
<td>peggotty</td>
<td>aunt</td>
<td>mother</td>
<td>steerforth</td>
<td>murdstone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Topic 9</th>
<td>thought</td>
<td>way</td>
<td>too</td>
<td>down</td>
<td>went</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Topic 10</th>
<td>tom</td>
<td>adam</td>
<td>maggie</td>
<td>work</td>
<td>tulliver</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</p>
<h2 id="visualization">Example visualizations</h2>
<p>The following visualizations display the topic model output of 10 novels (written by Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Joseph Fielding, William Thackeray and Anthony Trollope).</p>
<div style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 30px;">
<p class="highlight center" style="text-align: left;"><b>Topics Explorer’s visualizations are interactive</b>. You will be able to navigate through topics and documents, get similar topics and documents displayed, read excerpts from the original texts, and inspect the document-topic distributions in a heatmap.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics are probability distributions over the whole vocabulary of a text corpus. One value is assigned to each word, which indicates how relevant the word is to that topic (to be exact, how likely one word is to be found in a topic). After sorting those values in descending order, the first n words represent a topic.</p>
<p>Below the topics are ranked by their numerical dominance in the sample corpus; each bar displays a topic’s dominance score.</p>
<p>
<p><span style="width: 100.0%;" class="main_button" >thought, good, life, ...</span></p>
<p><span style="width: 89.13489715930274%;" class="main_button">great, woman, poor, ...</span></p>
<p><span style="width: 73.50436362601585%;" class="main_button">day, young, house, ...</span></p>
<p><span style="width: 70.04487374855%;" class="main_button">answered, young, good, ...</span></p>
<p><span style="width: 66.54672385155594%;" class="main_button">course, house, duke, ...</span></p>
<p><span style="width: 57.102897153122%;" class="main_button">young, wife, ladies, ...</span></p>
<p><span style="width: 55.80861141380633%;" class="main_button">mother, work, she's, ...</span></p>
<p><span style="width: 54.68983772090733%;" class="main_button">young, play, days, ...</span></p>
<p><span style="width: 50.06522969439948%;" class="main_button">kennedy, violet, lord, ...</span></p>
<p><span style="width: 50.0%;" class="main_button">aunt, steerforth, mother, ...</span></p>
</p>
<p>Each document consists to a certain extent of each topic, which is one of the theoretical assumptions of topic models. Although some values are too small to be visualized here (and have therefore been rounded to zero), they are actually greater than zero.</p>
<p>Visualizing the document-topic proportions in a heatmap displays the kind of information that is probably most useful. Going beyond pure exploration, it can be used to show thematic developments over a set of texts, akin to a dynamic topic model.</p>
<p id="heatmap"></p>
<h2 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>If you are confronted with
<strong>any problems</strong> regarding the application, use
<strong>
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/DARIAH-DE/TopicsExplorer/issues">GitHub
issues</a>
</strong> – but suggestions for improvements, wishes, or hints on typos are of course also
welcome.</li>
<li>Please be patient. Depending on corpus size and number of iterations, the process
<strong>may take some time</strong>, meaning something between some seconds and some hours.</li>
<li>If the program displays an
<strong>error message at startup</strong>, make sure that you have
<strong>unpacked</strong> the archive.</li>
<li>If you are on a
<strong>Mac</strong> and get an error message saying that the file is from an
<strong>“unidentified developer”</strong>, you can override it by holding control while
double-clicking. The
error message
will still appear, but you will be given an option to run the file anyway.</li>
<li>You might get a similar error message as the one above on
<strong>Windows</strong> systems:
<strong>“Windows Defender SmartScreen prevented an unrecognized app from starting”</strong>. If
this is the
case, please
select “More Info” and then “Run anyway”.</li>
<li>On a
<strong>Windows</strong> machine, if you are not able to start the program, if nothing happens
for a long time,
or if you
get an error message, go to the
<code>src</code> folder, search for the file
<code>webapp.exe</code> and click on it.</li>
<li>For more technical troubleshooting, have a look at the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/DARIAH-DE/TopicsExplorer/blob/master/README.md">README</a>
on GitHub.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="developing">Developing</h2>
<p>If you are interested in the more technical parts, using the development version in general, or even
want to
contribute,
please check out the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/DARIAH-DE/TopicsExplorer#developing">GitHub</a>
page.</p>
<h2>What is topic modeling?</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>David M. Blei</b>, <a href="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~blei/papers/Blei2012.pdf">Probabilisitic
Topic Models</a>, in: <i>Communications of the ACM</i> 55 (2012).</li>
<li><b>Megan R. Brett</b>, <a href="http://journalofdigitalhumanities.org/2-1/topic-modeling-a-basic-introduction-by-megan-r-brett/">Topic Modeling, A Basic Introduction</a>, in: <i>Journal of Digital Humanities</i> 2 (2012).</li>
<li><b>Matthew Jockers and David Mimno</b>, <a href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/englishfacpubs/105">Significant
Themes in 19th-Century Literature</a>, in: <i>Poetics</i> 41 (2013).</li>
<li><b>Steffen Pielström, Severin Simmler, Thorsten Vitt and Fotis Jannidis</b>, <a href="https://dh2018.adho.org/a-graphical-user-interface-for-lda-topic-modeling/">A
Graphical User Interface for LDA Topic Modeling</a>, in: <i>Proceedings of the 28th Digital
Humanities Conference</i> (2018).</li>
</ul>
<h2>What is DARIAH-DE?</h2>
<p><a href="https://de.dariah.eu/en">DARIAH-DE</a> supports research in the humanities and cultural sciences with
digital methods and procedures. The research infrastructure of DARIAH-DE consists of four pillars:
teaching, research, research data and technical components. As a partner in <a href="https://www.dariah.eu/">DARIAH-EU</a>,
DARIAH-DE helps to bundle and network state-of-the-art activities of the digital humanities. Scientists use
DARIAH, for example, to make research data available across Europe. The exchange of knowledge and expertise
is thus promoted across disciplines and the possibility of discovering new scientific discourses is
encouraged.</p>
<p>This application is developed with support from the DARIAH-DE initiative, the German branch of DARIAH-EU,
the European Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities consortium. Funding has been
provided by the German Federal Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) under the identifier 01UG1610A to
J.</p>
<h2>License</h2>
<p>This application is licensed under <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0</a>. You can
do what you like with the source code, as long as you include the original copyright, the full text of the
Apache 2.0 license, and state significant changes. You cannot charge DARIAH-DE for damages, or use any of
its trademarks like name or logos.</p>
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<script>
function plotDocumentTopicHeatmap() {
// Get data from API endpoint
const series = [{"name":"dickens_bleak","data":[{"x":"answered, young, good, ...","y":0.0390681573},{"x":"aunt, steerforth, mother, ...","y":0.0110239472},{"x":"kennedy, violet, lord, ...","y":0.000003176},{"x":"great, woman, poor, ...","y":0.1932001524},{"x":"course, house, duke, ...","y":0.0104522645},{"x":"thought, good, life, ...","y":0.2269611891},{"x":"young, play, days, ...","y":0.0090230579},{"x":"young, wife, ladies, ...","y":0.0186463825},{"x":"day, young, house, ...","y":0.4742456965},{"x":"mother, work, she's, ...","y":0.0173759766}]},{"name":"dickens_david","data":[{"x":"answered, young, good, ...","y":0.033269695},{"x":"aunt, steerforth, mother, ...","y":0.2700702216},{"x":"kennedy, violet, lord, ...","y":0.0000021944},{"x":"great, woman, poor, ...","y":0.1660324775},{"x":"course, house, duke, ...","y":0.0071121352},{"x":"thought, good, life, ...","y":0.2486965109},{"x":"young, play, days, ...","y":0.005751591},{"x":"young, wife, ladies, ...","y":0.0115887645},{"x":"day, 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