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119319.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-model href="http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/schema/8.23/tei-epidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="m119319" xml:lang="en">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>P. Oxy. 74 4974</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri</authority>
<idno type="dclp">119319</idno>
<idno type="TM">119319</idno>
<idno type="LDAB">119319</idno>
<idno type="filename">119319</idno>
<idno type="dclp-hybrid">p.oxy;74;4974</idno>
<availability>
<p>© Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri. This work is licensed under a <ref type="license" target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License</ref>.</p>
</availability>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<msDesc>
<msIdentifier>
<idno type="invNo">Oxford, Sackler Library, Papyrology Rooms 16 2B 45/C(c)</idno>
</msIdentifier>
<physDesc>
<objectDesc form="fragment">
<supportDesc>
<support>
<material>papyrus</material>
</support>
</supportDesc>
<layoutDesc>
<layout>
<p>papyrus fragment</p>
</layout>
</layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>
<handDesc>
<p>
<term>semi-cursive hand</term>
</p>
</handDesc>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<origPlace>Found: Oxyrhynchos (Oxyrhynchites, Egypt); written: Oxyrhynchos (Oxyrhynchites, Egypt)</origPlace>
<origDate notBefore="0100" notAfter="0250">100 - 250</origDate>
</origin>
<provenance type="found">
<p>
<placeName type="ancient" subtype="nome" ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2722">Oxyrhynchites</placeName>
<placeName type="ancient" subtype="region">Egypt</placeName>
<placeName type="ancient" ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/1524">Oxyrhynchos</placeName>
</p>
</provenance>
<provenance type="composed">
<p>
<placeName type="ancient" subtype="nome" ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2722">Oxyrhynchites</placeName>
<placeName type="ancient" subtype="region">Egypt</placeName>
<placeName type="ancient" ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/1524">Oxyrhynchos</placeName>
</p>
</provenance>
</history>
</msDesc>
</sourceDesc>
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<encodingDesc>
<p>
This file encoded to comply with EpiDoc Guidelines and Schema version 8
<ref>http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/gl/5/</ref>
</p>
</encodingDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords>
<term>medicine</term>
<term type="culture">science</term>
<term type="overview">osteological treatise (parts of the body : joints)</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">English</language>
<language ident="grc">Greek</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change when="2014-12-10" who="DCLP">Crosswalked to EpiDoc XML</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<div type="commentary" subtype="frontmatter" xml:space="preserve"><p>Osteological fragment. A small, rectangular piece (5.5x4 cm) containing remains of five lines of text on the recto. Only the upper margin survives, to a height of just under 1 cm. The other side contains no writing, but there is a patch of smudged ink which appears to have been partially wiped off. The presence of the terms γόμφωϲιϲ and ϲύμφυϲιϲ, and the association of the former with the teeth, indicates that the text drew on ancient classifications of the various forms of joint in the body (possible sources: Gal. <emph rend="italics">De ossibus</emph> [2, 732–39 K]; ps.-Gal. <emph rend="italics">Introd.s.medic.</emph> 12 [14, 720–25 K]; Clearchus of Soli Περὶ ϲκελετῶν, frr. 106–10 Wehrli). The earliest references to the technical terms for these joint types are found in P.Lit.Lond. 167, 2nd cent. BC or AD; PUG 2.51, 1st cent. AD; ps.-Gal. <emph rend="italics">Def.Med.</emph> 470, 474–5 (19, 460–61 K), 1st cent. AD ex.; Gal. <emph rend="italics">De libr. propr.</emph> 4.15 (19, 26 K). Beyond its general osteological content, there is little discernible thematic continuity in what survives, and there may have been a fairly extensive loss of text. The text is written in a medium sized, semi-cursive hand dating back to the 2nd or 3rd cent. AD, with little attempt at bilinearity and the letters generally upright, some tending slightly to the right.</p><p><note type="footnote" xml:lang="en">This papyrus has been digitally edited by Andrea Bernini as part of the Project "DIGMEDTEXT - Online Humanities Scholarship: A Digital Medical Library based on Ancient Texts" (ERC-AdG-2013, Grant Agreement no. 339828) funded by the European Research Council at the University of Parma (Principal Investigator: Prof. Isabella Andorlini). The digital edition is mostly based on the previous edition (D. Leith, P.Oxy. LXXIV 4974.)</note></p></div>
<div xml:lang="grc" type="edition" xml:space="preserve">
<ab>
<lb n="1" xml:id="lb1"/><app type="alternative"><lem><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>ι</unclear></lem><rdg><supplied reason="lost">ἐστ</supplied><unclear>ι</unclear></rdg><rdg><supplied reason="lost">κα</supplied><unclear>ί</unclear></rdg></app> <choice><reg>νευροχονδρώδη</reg><orig>νευροχοντρώδη</orig></choice> σώ<supplied reason="lost">ματα</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="2" xml:id="lb2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">κατ</supplied><unclear>ὰ</unclear> δὲ γόμφωϲιν οἱ ὀδόν<unclear>τ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ες</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="3" xml:id="lb3"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>η ἁ<unclear>π</unclear>λοῖ τῆϲ συμφύσε<supplied reason="lost">ως</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="4"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>ι</unclear>σιν οὗτοι· κατὰ δὲ το<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="5" xml:id="lb5"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ν ὀστέον κεῖται κατα<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="5"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
</ab></div>
<div type="commentary" subtype="linebyline">
<list>
<item corresp="#lb1" xml:space="preserve"><ref>1</ref> <p>νευροχοντρώδη: there is no indication as to which part of the body it describes here. This term is generally used of a particularly hard and dense type of ligament (σύνδεσμος: see Gal. <emph rend="italics">Temper.</emph> 2.3 [1, 602.17-603.1 K]) and is associated especially with those ligaments which bind a joint from within, such as the <emph rend="italics">ligamentum teres</emph> in the hip, as opposed to those which surround the joint (see Gal. <emph rend="italics">Anat.admin.</emph> 2.9 [2, 328–9 K], 2.10 [2, 332 K]).</p></item>
<item corresp="#lb2" xml:space="preserve"><ref>2</ref> <p>At the break, a small trace of a descending diagonal survives, consistent with alpha. The phrase is closely paralleled by ps.-Gal. <emph rend="italics">Introduct.</emph> 12 [14, 722 K].
κατ]ὰ̣ δὲ: its repetition at ll. 2,4 perhaps indicates that the text offered a list of the various joint types, illustrated by examples. A similar construction is used in ps.-Gal. <emph rend="italics">Introduct.</emph> 12 [14, 720–22 K].</p></item>
<item corresp="#lb3" xml:space="preserve"><ref>3</ref> <p>ἁπλοῖ: of the second letter, two straight verticals, with a missing fibre at top which could have contained a thin cross-bar; the traces do not suit eta. It seems possible that this refers to a distinction between teeth which have a single or multiple roots, as ennumerated by Gal. <emph rend="italics">De ossibus</emph> [2, 753 K], though he does not use this term.
ϲυμφύϲεωϲ: according to Gal. <emph rend="italics">De ossibus</emph> [2, 734 K], the type of joint κατὰ σύμφυσιν is characterised by a sort of ‘natural union’ which in some way combines two bones effectively into a single unit. It is unclear how the reference to ϲύμφυϲιϲ here is related to the discussion of γόμφωσις, but it is suggestive that Galen explicitly compares the two types of joint at Gal. <emph rend="italics">De ossibus</emph> [2, 738 K].</p></item>
<item corresp="#lb5" xml:space="preserve"><ref>5</ref> <p>]ν ὀϲτέον: there are many possible restorations, and the context offers no obvious means of reducing them.
κατά: it might be read as introducing a further type of joint, though in this case it is possible that the preposition refers simply to the location of the anatomical feature under discussion.</p></item>
</list>
</div>
<div type="bibliography" subtype="principalEdition">
<listBibl>
<bibl type="publication" subtype="principal">
<ptr target="http://papyri.info/biblio/20830"/>
<biblScope unit="number">4974</biblScope>
<!--ignore - start, i.e. SoSOL users may not edit this-->
<title level="s" type="abbreviated">P. Oxy.</title>
<biblScope unit="volume">74</biblScope>
<!--ignore - stop-->
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</div>
<div type="bibliography" subtype="illustrations">
<listBibl>
<bibl type="online">
<ptr target="http://163.1.169.40/gsdl/collect/POxy/index/assoc/HASH015b/036fdc80.dir/POxy.v0074.n4974.a.01.hires.jpg"/>
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</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>