client.go

// Copyright 2013 Gary Burd. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package websocket

import (
	"crypto/tls"
	"errors"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

// ErrBadHandshake is returned when the server response to opening handshake is
// invalid.
var ErrBadHandshake = errors.New("websocket: bad handshake")

// NewClient creates a new client connection using the given net connection.
// The URL u specifies the host and request URI. Use requestHeader to specify
// the origin (Origin), subprotocols (Sec-WebSocket-Protocol) and cookies
// (Cookie). Use the response.Header to get the selected subprotocol
// (Sec-WebSocket-Protocol) and cookies (Set-Cookie).
//
// If the WebSocket handshake fails, ErrBadHandshake is returned along with a
// non-nil *http.Response so that callers can handle redirects, authentication,
// etc.
func NewClient(netConn net.Conn, u *url.URL, requestHeader http.Header, readBufSize, writeBufSize int) (c *Conn, response *http.Response, err error) {
	challengeKey, err := generateChallengeKey()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	acceptKey := computeAcceptKey(challengeKey)

	c = newConn(netConn, false, readBufSize, writeBufSize)
	p := c.writeBuf[:0]
	p = append(p, "GET "...)
	p = append(p, u.RequestURI()...)
	p = append(p, " HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: "...)
	p = append(p, u.Host...)
	// "Upgrade" is capitalized for servers that do not use case insensitive
	// comparisons on header tokens.
	p = append(p, "\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: "...)
	p = append(p, challengeKey...)
	p = append(p, "\r\n"...)
	for k, vs := range requestHeader {
		for _, v := range vs {
			p = append(p, k...)
			p = append(p, ": "...)
			p = append(p, v...)
			p = append(p, "\r\n"...)
		}
	}
	p = append(p, "\r\n"...)

	if _, err := netConn.Write(p); err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(c.br, &http.Request{Method: "GET", URL: u})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	if resp.StatusCode != 101 ||
		!strings.EqualFold(resp.Header.Get("Upgrade"), "websocket") ||
		!strings.EqualFold(resp.Header.Get("Connection"), "upgrade") ||
		resp.Header.Get("Sec-Websocket-Accept") != acceptKey {
		return nil, resp, ErrBadHandshake
	}
	c.subprotocol = resp.Header.Get("Sec-Websocket-Protocol")
	return c, resp, nil
}

// A Dialer contains options for connecting to WebSocket server.
type Dialer struct {
	// NetDial specifies the dial function for creating TCP connections. If
	// NetDial is nil, net.Dial is used.
	NetDial func(network, addr string) (net.Conn, error)

	// TLSClientConfig specifies the TLS configuration to use with tls.Client.
	// If nil, the default configuration is used.
	TLSClientConfig *tls.Config

	// HandshakeTimeout specifies the duration for the handshake to complete.
	HandshakeTimeout time.Duration

	// Input and output buffer sizes. If the buffer size is zero, then a
	// default value of 4096 is used.
	ReadBufferSize, WriteBufferSize int

	// Subprotocols specifies the client's requested subprotocols.
	Subprotocols []string
}

var errMalformedURL = errors.New("malformed ws or wss URL")

func parseURL(u string) (useTLS bool, host, port, opaque string, err error) {
	// From the RFC:
	//
	// ws-URI = "ws:" "//" host [ ":" port ] path [ "?" query ]
	// wss-URI = "wss:" "//" host [ ":" port ] path [ "?" query ]
	//
	// We don't use the net/url parser here because the dialer interface does
	// not provide a way for applications to work around percent deocding in
	// the net/url parser.

	switch {
	case strings.HasPrefix(u, "ws://"):
		u = u[len("ws://"):]
	case strings.HasPrefix(u, "wss://"):
		u = u[len("wss://"):]
		useTLS = true
	default:
		return false, "", "", "", errMalformedURL
	}

	hostPort := u
	opaque = "/"
	if i := strings.Index(u, "/"); i >= 0 {
		hostPort = u[:i]
		opaque = u[i:]
	}

	host = hostPort
	port = ":80"
	if i := strings.LastIndex(hostPort, ":"); i > strings.LastIndex(hostPort, "]") {
		host = hostPort[:i]
		port = hostPort[i:]
	} else if useTLS {
		port = ":443"
	}

	return useTLS, host, port, opaque, nil
}

// DefaultDialer is a dialer with all fields set to the default zero values.
var DefaultDialer *Dialer

// Dial creates a new client connection. Use requestHeader to specify the
// origin (Origin), subprotocols (Sec-WebSocket-Protocol) and cookies (Cookie).
// Use the response.Header to get the selected subprotocol
// (Sec-WebSocket-Protocol) and cookies (Set-Cookie).
//
// If the WebSocket handshake fails, ErrBadHandshake is returned along with a
// non-nil *http.Response so that callers can handle redirects, authentication,
// etc.
func (d *Dialer) Dial(urlStr string, requestHeader http.Header) (*Conn, *http.Response, error) {

	useTLS, host, port, opaque, err := parseURL(urlStr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	if d == nil {
		d = &Dialer{}
	}

	var deadline time.Time
	if d.HandshakeTimeout != 0 {
		deadline = time.Now().Add(d.HandshakeTimeout)
	}

	netDial := d.NetDial
	if netDial == nil {
		netDialer := &net.Dialer{Deadline: deadline}
		netDial = netDialer.Dial
	}

	netConn, err := netDial("tcp", host+port)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	defer func() {
		if netConn != nil {
			netConn.Close()
		}
	}()

	if err := netConn.SetDeadline(deadline); err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	if useTLS {
		cfg := d.TLSClientConfig
		if cfg == nil {
			cfg = &tls.Config{ServerName: host}
		} else if cfg.ServerName == "" {
			shallowCopy := *cfg
			cfg = &shallowCopy
			cfg.ServerName = host
		}
		tlsConn := tls.Client(netConn, cfg)
		netConn = tlsConn
		if err := tlsConn.Handshake(); err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		if !cfg.InsecureSkipVerify {
			if err := tlsConn.VerifyHostname(cfg.ServerName); err != nil {
				return nil, nil, err
			}
		}
	}

	readBufferSize := d.ReadBufferSize
	if readBufferSize == 0 {
		readBufferSize = 4096
	}

	writeBufferSize := d.WriteBufferSize
	if writeBufferSize == 0 {
		writeBufferSize = 4096
	}

	if len(d.Subprotocols) > 0 {
		h := http.Header{}
		for k, v := range requestHeader {
			h[k] = v
		}
		h.Set("Sec-Websocket-Protocol", strings.Join(d.Subprotocols, ", "))
		requestHeader = h
	}

	conn, resp, err := NewClient(
		netConn,
		&url.URL{Host: host + port, Opaque: opaque},
		requestHeader, readBufferSize, writeBufferSize)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, resp, err
	}

	netConn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
	netConn = nil // to avoid close in defer.
	return conn, resp, nil
}