BAE1. argmax_theta (y|theta, phi's atomness) industry effect

[hyunjimoon]

Discussed in Data4DM/BayesSD#190

^{Originally posted by hyunjimoon February 22, 2024}

table.ENVIRONMENT1

Aspect	DIGITAL	PHYSICAL	BIOTECH	SEMICONDUCTOR	TRANSPORTATION/MOBILITY
Development	Software, apps, and/or online services	Develop and set up products and processes, including sourcing raw materials, developing supply chains, and production lines.	Focused on research & development in labs, clinical trials for drug discovery, genetic engineering.	Design and development of semiconductor devices, prototyping, and engineering for manufacturing.	Design, development, and integration of mobility solutions (vehicles, infrastructure, technology systems).
Production	Upfront cost of development, servers, and other digital infrastructure	Continuous management of manufacturing & supply chains	Small scale for clinical trials, can scale up with contract manufacturing organizations.	High initial setup costs for fabs, ongoing costs for materials, and precision manufacturing processes.	Initial high costs for infrastructure and vehicle production, ongoing maintenance, and operational costs.
Cost Structure/ Scalability	~Zero marginal costs for more copies; May require increased marketing reach	Unit production costs can be significant and increasing scale may require added capital investment	Lower marginal costs for drug production once approved; scalability dependent on regulatory approval.	Significant investment in fabrication plants; economies of scale important for cost reduction.	High initial investment in infrastructure, vehicles, technology; scalability through network expansion and efficiency improvements.
Distribution	Online via app stores, websites, and/or cloud-based services	Transportation to retailers or directly to consumers; requires logistics, inventory management, returns, etc.	Distribution through healthcare providers, pharmacies; regulatory compliance for market access.	Distribution through technology product manufacturers, direct sales to electronics companies.	Through mobility services (public transport, ridesharing), vehicle sales, and infrastructure deployment.
Updates and Improvements:	Can be continuous, remote, and as visible or invisible as desired without the user even noticing. Allows for rapid iteration based on user feedback and data analytics.	Improvements or modifications require creating a new version of the product and potentially recalling/repairing the old one.	Updates through additional research, new product versions; continuous improvement in treatment efficacy.	Product iterations require new manufacturing cycles; updates often coincide with new product releases.	Continuous service improvement, technology updates, infrastructure upgrades; may involve regulatory approvals.
Data Collection and Analytics	Data collection and analytics can be engineered into the products and infrastructure to a significant degree	Unless the product has a digital/connected component, data collection may be challenging, especially when the product was not sold directly be the manufacturer.	Increasing use of digital health technologies for data collection in clinical trials and patient monitoring.	Embedded sensors and IoT integration enable data collection for some semiconductor products.	Data from mobility services and smart infrastructure for optimization, service improvement, and user experience enhancement.
End of Life	Discontinue support or updates, shut down servers or online services. Data migration and user communication are key considerations. Some labor redeployment.	Discontinue production and factories, and dispose of unsold inventory. Environmental considerations, such as recycling or disposal of the product, are also important. Significant layoffs possible.	Discontinuation of older drugs, biologics; focus shifts to newer treatments. Environmental impact of disposal considered.	End of product lifecycle management, recycling of electronic components; significant environmental considerations.	Decommissioning of vehicles and infrastructure, environmental impact mitigation, recycling, and repurposing efforts.
Entry Barriers	Competitors may be able to enter more easily. Including pirates.	Manufacturing and supply chain capabilities may create higher barriers to entry	High due to regulatory hurdles, IP protections, and the need for specialized knowledge.	Very high due to the cost of fabrication plants, specialized equipment, and technical expertise.	High due to significant capital requirements, regulatory approvals, and need for technological expertise.
Cell Theory	Platforms enabling individual developers to focus on niche digital solutions.	Startups focusing on developing specific hardware technologies.	Individual biotech firms focusing on niche healthcare solutions.	Startups developing specific semiconductor technologies.	Development and integration of technologies for enhancing mobility, including electric vehicles, autonomous systems, and smart infrastructure. Collaborative ventures aiming at creating innovative transportation solutions.
Ecosystem	Digital marketplaces and developer communities supporting collaboration.	Industrial ecosystems involving suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors.	Collaboration with healthcare systems, regulatory bodies, and research.	Interactions with suppliers, manufacturers, and tech companies.	A dynamic ecosystem including transportation providers, technology companies, regulatory bodies, and consumers. Encourages public-private partnerships.
Evolution	Rapid iteration and innovation in software based on user feedback.	Gradual technological advancements through R&D and market feedback.	Innovation in response to healthcare challenges and regulations.	Technological advancements and market adaptation.	Continuous innovation driven by technological advancements, regulatory changes, and user demands. Focus on sustainability, safety, and accessibility.
Phylogeny	Tracing the development and influence of major software and internet technologies.	Tracing the history and evolution of manufacturing processes and materials.	Tracing the development of critical medical technologies.	Evolution of chip manufacturing techniques.	Tracing the evolution of transportation technologies and systems, from early mobility solutions to modern autonomous and electric vehicles.
Properties of Life	Digital products growing through user adoption, evolving with market needs.	Physical products growing through market penetration, evolving with manufacturing innovations.	Growth through research progress, reproduction via spin-offs, response to healthcare trends.	Growth through technological innovation, reproduction through patents, adaptation to tech trends.	Growth through technological adoption and infrastructure development, reproduction through new service models, response to societal mobility needs.