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2018-03-26-Kubernetes集群之路之TLS证书配置.html
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<p><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Kubernetes_logo.svg" alt></p>
<div class="note default"><p>Kubernetes是Google开源的容器化集群管理系统，其提供的应用部署、扩展、服务发现等机制对于微服务化架构应用有着十分重要的作用。</p>
<p>本系列文章基于以下版本来讲述如何使用二进制方式安装Kubernetes集群顺便讲述下踩坑的心路历程：</p>
<ul>
<li>Kubernetes version: <code>v1.10</code></li>
<li>System: <code>CentOS Linux 7</code></li>
<li>Kernel: <code>Linux 3.10.0</code></li>
</ul></div>
<p>Kubernetes系统的各个组件需要使用TLS证书对其通信加密以及授权认证，所以在部署之前我们需要先生成相关的TLS证书以便后续操作能够顺利进行。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<hr>
<blockquote>
<p>在后续安装部署中，将不使用kube-apiserver的HTTP非安全端口，所有组件都启用TLS双向认证通信。因此TLS证书配置是在安装配置Kubernetes系统中最容易出错和难于排查问题的一步，所以请务必耐心仔细。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>在开始前，为了模拟集群节点，我们假定需要在以下三台Linux主机上部署Kubernetes:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>10.138.148.161</code>：作为<code>master</code>节点</li>
<li><code>10.138.196.180</code>：作为<code>Node</code>节点</li>
<li><code>10.138.212.68</code>：作为<code>Node</code>节点</li>
</ul>
<div class="note danger"><p>同一台主机上可以同时部署master和Node节点相关组件，即同时作为控制节点和工作节点，不过这么做可能导致master节点负载过高而失去响应进而导致整个集群出现无法预知的问题。</p></div>
<hr>
<h3 id="安装CFSSL证书生成工具"><a href="#安装CFSSL证书生成工具" class="headerlink" title="安装CFSSL证书生成工具"></a>安装<code>CFSSL</code>证书生成工具</h3><div class="note info"><p>我们将使用<code>Cloudflare</code>的PKI工具集<a href="https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cloudflare/cfssl</a>来生成集群所需要的各种<code>TLS</code>证书。</p></div>
<p>执行以下命令直接下载二进制文件进行安装:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -O cfssl </span><br><span class="line">chmod +x cfssl </span><br><span class="line">sudo mv cfssl /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/bin</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -O cfssljson </span><br><span class="line">chmod +x cfssljson </span><br><span class="line">sudo mv cfssljson /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/bin</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -O cfssl-certinfo </span><br><span class="line">chmod +x cfssl-certinfo </span><br><span class="line">sudo mv cfssl-certinfo /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/bin</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> PATH=/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/bin:<span class="variable">$PATH</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="创建CA根证书（Certificate-Authority）"><a href="#创建CA根证书（Certificate-Authority）" class="headerlink" title="创建CA根证书（Certificate Authority）"></a>创建CA根证书（Certificate Authority）</h3><p>CA（Certificate Authority）是自签名的根证书，用来签名后续创建的其它 TLS 证书；<br>确认<code>CFSSL</code>工具安装成功之后，我们先通过<code>CFSSL</code>工具来创建模版配置json文件:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cfssl <span class="built_in">print</span>-defaults config > config.json</span><br><span class="line">cfssl <span class="built_in">print</span>-defaults csr > csr.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="创建CA配置文件"><a href="#创建CA配置文件" class="headerlink" title="创建CA配置文件"></a>创建CA配置文件</h4><p>这将生成两个模版json文件，后续<code>CFSSL</code>将读取json文件内容并生成对应的<code>pem</code>文件。我们先复制<code>config.json</code>为<code>ca-config.json</code>文件并做如下修改:</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"signing"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"default"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"expiry"</span>: <span class="string">"99999h"</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"profiles"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"kubernetes"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"expiry"</span>: <span class="string">"99999h"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"usages"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"signing"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"key encipherment"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"server auth"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"client auth"</span></span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note warning"><p><code>profiles</code>：可以定义多个profiles，分别指定不同的过期时间、使用场景等参数；后续在签名证书时使用某个特定的profile。</p>
<p><code>signing</code>：表示该证书可用于签名(签发)其它证书，生成的 ca.pem 证书中 CA=TRUE。</p>
<p><code>server auth</code>：表示`client可以用该 CA（生成的ca.pem） 对server提供的证书进行验证。</p>
<p><code>client auth</code>：表示server可以用该CA(生成的ca.pem）对client提供的证书进行验证。</p></div>
<h4 id="创建CA证书签名请求"><a href="#创建CA证书签名请求" class="headerlink" title="创建CA证书签名请求"></a>创建CA证书签名请求</h4><p>我们复制<code>csr.json</code>为<code>ca-csr.json</code>并做以下修改:</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"CN"</span>: <span class="string">"kubernetes"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"key"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"algo"</span>: <span class="string">"rsa"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"size"</span>: <span class="number">2048</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"names"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"C"</span>: <span class="string">"CN"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"ST"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"L"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"O"</span>: <span class="string">"k8s"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"OU"</span>: <span class="string">"System"</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note warning"><p><code>CN</code>(<code>Common Name</code>):后续<code>kube-apiserver</code>组件将从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户名；</p>
<p><code>O</code>(<code>Organtzation</code>):后续<code>kube-apiserver</code>组件将从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户所属的用户组；</p></div>
<h4 id="生成CA证书和私钥"><a href="#生成CA证书和私钥" class="headerlink" title="生成CA证书和私钥"></a>生成CA证书和私钥</h4><p>执行以下命令来生成CA证书和私钥：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca</span><br><span class="line">ls ca*</span><br><span class="line">ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样，我们就生成了CA证书和私钥了，因为我们需要双向<code>TLS</code>认证，所以需要拷贝<code>ca-key.pem</code>和<code>ca.pem</code>到所有要部署的机器的<code>/etc/kubernetes/ssl</code>目录下备用。</p>
<h3 id="创建kubernetes组件认证授权证书"><a href="#创建kubernetes组件认证授权证书" class="headerlink" title="创建kubernetes组件认证授权证书"></a>创建kubernetes组件认证授权证书</h3><p>因为我们准备部署的kubernetes组件是使用<code>TLS</code>双向认证的，包括<code>kube-apiserver</code>不打算使用HTTP端口，因此，我们需要生成以下的证书以供后续组件部署的时候备用：</p>
<div class="note info"><ul>
<li><code>etcd</code>证书：etcd集群之间通信加密使用的<code>TLS</code>证书。</li>
<li><code>kube-apiserver</code>证书：配置<code>kube-apiserver</code>组件的证书。</li>
<li><code>kube-controller-manager</code>证书：用于和<code>kube-apiserver</code>通信认证的证书。</li>
<li><code>kube-scheduler</code>证书：用于和<code>kube-apiserver</code>通信认证的证书。</li>
<li><code>kubelet</code>证书【可选,非必需】：用于和<code>kube-apiserver</code>通信认证的证书，如果使用<code>TLS Bootstarp</code>认证方式，将没有必要配置。</li>
<li><code>kube-proxy</code>证书【可选,非必需】：用于和<code>kube-apiserver</code>通信认证的证书，如果使用<code>TLS Bootstarp</code>认证方式，将没有必要配置。</li>
</ul></div>
<p>下面我们将逐个创建对应的<code>TLS</code>证书，并做相应的简短说明：</p>
<h4 id="创建etcd证书："><a href="#创建etcd证书：" class="headerlink" title="创建etcd证书："></a>创建<code>etcd</code>证书：</h4><p>首选我们创建<code>etcd</code>证书签名请求(CSR)，拷贝<code>csr.json</code>为<code>etcd-csr.json</code>并做以下修改:</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"CN"</span>: <span class="string">"etcd"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"hosts"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"127.0.0.1"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"10.138.212.68"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"10.138.196.180"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"10.138.148.161"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"master"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"node1"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"node2"</span></span><br><span class="line"> ],</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"key"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"algo"</span>: <span class="string">"rsa"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"size"</span>: <span class="number">2048</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"names"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"C"</span>: <span class="string">"CN"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"ST"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"L"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"O"</span>: <span class="string">"k8s"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"OU"</span>: <span class="string">"System"</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note danger"><p>此处需要指定<code>host</code>字段的值，该值为所有需要部署etcd节点的<code>ip 域名 或者 hostname</code>，etcd需要使用<code>Subject Alternative Name（SAN）</code>来校验集群以及防止滥用。如果你不清楚应该使用哪个ip，默认情况下使用<code>ip a</code>查看<code>eth0</code>即可。此处指定的<code>ip</code>与后续指定的<code>etcd的systemd</code>配置<code>initial-cluster</code>相关。</p>
<p>相关阅读: <a href="https://github.com/coreos/etcd/issues/2056" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Option to accept TLS client certificates even if they lack correct Subject Alternative Names</a></p></div>
<p>生成<code>etcd</code>证书和私钥：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd</span><br><span class="line">ls etcd*</span><br><span class="line">etcd.csr etcd-csr.json etcd-key.pem etcd.pem</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>将生成的<code>etch-key.pem</code>和<code>etcd.pem</code>拷贝到所有需要部署<code>etcd</code>集群的服务器<code>/etc/etcd/ssl</code>目录下备用。</p>
<h4 id="创建kube-apiserver证书"><a href="#创建kube-apiserver证书" class="headerlink" title="创建kube-apiserver证书"></a>创建<code>kube-apiserver</code>证书</h4><p>创建<code>kube-apiserver</code>证书签名请求配置文件，拷贝<code>csr.json</code>为<code>kubernetes-csr.json</code>并做以下修改：</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"CN"</span>: <span class="string">"kubernetes"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"hosts"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"127.0.0.1"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"10.138.212.68"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"10.138.196.180"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"10.138.148.161"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"10.254.0.1"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"kubernetes"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"kubernetes.default"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"kubernetes.default.svc"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"</span></span><br><span class="line"> ],</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"key"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"algo"</span>: <span class="string">"rsa"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"size"</span>: <span class="number">2048</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"names"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"C"</span>: <span class="string">"CN"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"ST"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"L"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"O"</span>: <span class="string">"k8s"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"OU"</span>: <span class="string">"System"</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note warning"><p>此处指定了<code>host</code>字段来表示授权使用该证书的<code>ip或域名</code>列表，因此上述配置文件指定了要部署的kubernetes三台服务器ip（实际上只需要指定打算部署master节点的ip即可）以及<code>kube-apiserver</code>注册的名为<code>kubernetes</code>服务的服务ip（一般默认为后续配置<code>kube-apiserve</code>组件的时候指定的<code>—service-cluster-ip-range</code>网段的第一个ip。）如果你不清楚怎么操作，可以留空<code>host</code>字段。</p>
<p>如果你指定了<code>host</code>字段，这里如果有 <code>VIP</code> 的，也是需要填写的。</p></div>
<p>生成<code>kube-apiserver</code>证书和私钥：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare apiserver</span><br><span class="line">ls apiserver*</span><br><span class="line">apiserver.csr apiserver-key.pem apiserver.pem</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我们将该证书拷贝到需要部署到<code>master</code>节点上的<code>/etc/kubernetes/ssl</code>上备用。</p>
<div class="note info"><p>因为我们master节点的组件之间的通信使用<code>非HTTP</code>的安全端口，所以同样也需要<code>TLS</code>认证授权，因此我们也需要配置<code>kube-controller-manager</code>和<code>kube-scheduler</code>的证书来供这两个组件访问<code>kube-apiserver</code>.如果你的集群master节点组件使用HTTP非安全端口通信，那么可以不需要配置这两个证书。</p></div>
<h4 id="创建kube-controller-manager证书"><a href="#创建kube-controller-manager证书" class="headerlink" title="创建kube-controller-manager证书"></a>创建<code>kube-controller-manager</code>证书</h4><p>复制<code>car.json</code>为<code>kube-controller-manager-csr.json</code>并做以下修改：</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"CN"</span>: <span class="string">"system:kube-controller-manager"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"hosts"</span>: [],</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"key"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"algo"</span>: <span class="string">"rsa"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"size"</span>: <span class="number">2048</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"names"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"C"</span>: <span class="string">"CN"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"ST"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"L"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"O"</span>: <span class="string">"k8s"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"OU"</span>: <span class="string">"System"</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>上述的配置中，<code>kube-apiserver</code>将提取<code>CN</code>作为客户端组件(kube-controller-manager)的用户名(system:kube-controller-manager)，<code>kube-apiserver</code>预定义的RBAC使用ClusterRoleBinding <code>system:kube-controller-manager</code>将<code>用户system:kube-controller-manager</code>与<code>ClusterRole system:kube-controller-manager</code>绑定。</p>
<p>生成<code>kube-controller-manager</code>证书和私钥：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare controller-manager</span><br><span class="line">ls controller-manager*</span><br><span class="line">controller-manager.csr controller-manager-key.pem controller-manager.pem</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>将证书拷贝到需要部署<code>kube-controller-manager</code>的master节点<code>/etc/kubernetes/ssl</code>上备用。</p>
<h4 id="创建kube-scheduler-证书"><a href="#创建kube-scheduler-证书" class="headerlink" title="创建kube-scheduler`证书"></a>创建kube-scheduler`证书</h4><p>与<code>kube-controller-manager</code>一样，<code>kube-scheduler</code>同样也需要<code>TLS</code>证书来访问<code>kube-apiserver</code>。此处不再赘述。直接上<code>kube-scheduler-csr.json</code>文件内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"CN"</span>: <span class="string">"system:kube-scheduler"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"hosts"</span>: [],</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"key"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"algo"</span>: <span class="string">"rsa"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"size"</span>: <span class="number">2048</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"names"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"C"</span>: <span class="string">"CN"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"ST"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"L"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"O"</span>: <span class="string">"k8s"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"OU"</span>: <span class="string">"System"</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code></code>kube-scheduler <code>将提取</code>CN作为客户端的用户名<code>,这里是</code>system:kube-scheduler<code>。 kube-apiserver 预定义的 RBAC 使用的 ClusterRoleBindings</code>system:kube-scheduler <code>将</code>用户system:kube-scheduler <code>与</code>ClusterRole system:kube-scheduler `绑定。</p>
<p>生成<code>kube-scheduler</code>证书以及私钥：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare scheduler</span><br><span class="line">ls scheduler*</span><br><span class="line">scheduler.csr scheduler-key.pem scheduler.pem</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>将证书拷贝到需要部署<code>kube-scheduler</code>的master节点<code>/etc/kubernetes/ssl</code>上备用。</p>
<p>至此，<code>master</code>节点上的证书生成就全部完成了，接下来是生成<code>worker</code>节点的证书，需要注意的是：生成<code>worker</code>证书是可选的，如果你使用<code>TLS Bootstarpping</code>那么你可以跳过以下步骤<code>worker</code>证书生成工作。直接转到部署的实际操作环节。关于<code>TLS</code>证书和<code>TLS Bootstarpping</code>认证方式的区别，后续考虑单独写一遍文章展开来讲。</p>
<hr>
<h4 id="创建kubelet证书"><a href="#创建kubelet证书" class="headerlink" title="创建kubelet证书"></a>创建<code>kubelet</code>证书</h4><p>拷贝<code>car.json</code>为<code>kubelet-csr.json</code>并做以下修改:</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"CN"</span>: <span class="string">"system:node:node"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"hosts"</span>: [],</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"key"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"algo"</span>: <span class="string">"rsa"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"size"</span>: <span class="number">2048</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"names"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"C"</span>: <span class="string">"CN"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"ST"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"L"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"O"</span>: <span class="string">"system:nodes"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"OU"</span>: <span class="string">"System"</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note warning"><p><code>O</code>为用户组，kubernetes RBAC定义了ClusterRoleBinding将Group system:nodes和CLusterRole system:node关联起来。</p>
<p>注意:在<code>kubernetes v1.8+</code>以上版本，将不会自动创建<code>binding</code>,因此我们后续需要手动创建绑定关系。</p></div>
<p>生成<code>kubelet</code>证书和私钥：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kubelet-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubelet</span><br><span class="line">ls kubelet*</span><br><span class="line">kubelet.csr kubelet-csr.json kubelet-key.pem kubelet.pem</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>将生成的证书和秘钥拷贝到所有需要部署的worker节点上的<code>/etc/kubernetes/ssl</code>下备用。</p>
<h4 id="创建kube-proxy证书"><a href="#创建kube-proxy证书" class="headerlink" title="创建kube-proxy证书"></a>创建<code>kube-proxy</code>证书</h4><p>拷贝<code>car.json</code>为<code>kube-proxy-csr.json</code>并做以下修改:</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"CN"</span>: <span class="string">"system:kube-proxy"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"hosts"</span>: [],</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"key"</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"algo"</span>: <span class="string">"rsa"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"size"</span>: <span class="number">2048</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"names"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"C"</span>: <span class="string">"CN"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"ST"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"L"</span>: <span class="string">"Shanghai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"O"</span>: <span class="string">"k8s"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"OU"</span>: <span class="string">"System"</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note warning"><p><code>CN</code> 指定该证书的 User为 system:kube-proxy。Kubernetes RBAC定义了ClusterRoleBinding将<code>system:kube-proxy用户</code>与<code>system:node-proxier 角色</code>绑定。system:node-proxier具有kube-proxy组件访问ApiServer的相关权限。</p></div>
<p>生成<code>kube-proxy</code>证书和私钥：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy</span><br><span class="line">ls kube-proxy*</span><br><span class="line">kube-proxy.csr kube-proxy-csr.json kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>将生成的证书和私钥拷贝到所有需要部署<code>worker</code>节点的<code>/etc/kubernetes/ssl</code>下备用。</p>
<p>在完成证书分发之后，这样我们的证书相关的生成工作就完成了。接下来开始配置各个组件。</p>
<p>参考资料：</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/rbac/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Using RBAC Authorization</a></li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.shileizcc.com/display/KUB/Kubernetes+HA+Cluster+Build" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kubernetes HA Cluster Build</a></li>
<li><a href="https://jimmysong.io/kubernetes-handbook/practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">在CentOS上部署kubernetes集群</a></li>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#安装CFSSL证书生成工具"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">安装CFSSL证书生成工具</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建CA根证书（Certificate-Authority）"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建CA根证书（Certificate Authority）</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建CA配置文件"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建CA配置文件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建CA证书签名请求"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建CA证书签名请求</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#生成CA证书和私钥"><span class="nav-number">2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">生成CA证书和私钥</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建kubernetes组件认证授权证书"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建kubernetes组件认证授权证书</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建etcd证书："><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建etcd证书：</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建kube-apiserver证书"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建kube-apiserver证书</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建kube-controller-manager证书"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建kube-controller-manager证书</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建kube-scheduler-证书"><span class="nav-number">3.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建kube-scheduler`证书</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建kubelet证书"><span class="nav-number">3.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建kubelet证书</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#创建kube-proxy证书"><span class="nav-number">3.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建kube-proxy证书</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
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