sample.odin

package main

import "core:fmt"
import "core:mem"
import "core:os"
import "core:thread"
import "core:time"
import "core:reflect"
import "intrinsics"


/*
    The Odin programming language is fast, concise, readable, pragmatic and open sourced.
    It is designed with the intent of replacing C with the following goals:
     * simplicity
     * high performance
     * built for modern systems
     * joy of programming

    # Installing Odin
    Getting Started - https://odin-lang.org/docs/install/
        Instructions for downloading and install the Odin compiler and libraries.

    # Learning Odin
    Overview of Odin - https://odin-lang.org/docs/overview/
        An overview of the Odin programming language.
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) - https://odin-lang.org/docs/faq/
        Answers to common questions about Odin.
*/

the_basics :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# the basics");

    { // The Basics
        fmt.println("Hellope");

        // Lexical elements and literals
        // A comment

        my_integer_variable: int; // A comment for documentaton

        // Multi-line comments begin with /* and end with */. Multi-line comments can
        // also be nested (unlike in C):
        /*
            You can have any text or code here and
            have it be commented.
            /*
                NOTE: comments can be nested!
            */
        */

        // String literals are enclosed in double quotes and character literals in single quotes.
        // Special characters are escaped with a backslash \

        some_string := "This is a string";
        _ = 'A'; // unicode codepoint literal
        _ = '\n';
        _ = "C:\\Windows\\notepad.exe";
        // Raw string literals are enclosed with single back ticks
        _ = `C:\Windows\notepad.exe`;

        // The length of a string in bytes can be found using the built-in `len` procedure:
        _ = len("Foo");
        _ = len(some_string);


        // Numbers

        // Numerical literals are written similar to most other programming languages.
        // A useful feature in Odin is that underscores are allowed for better
        // readability: 1_000_000_000 (one billion). A number that contains a dot is a
        // floating point literal: 1.0e9 (one billion). If a number literal is suffixed
        // with i, is an imaginary number literal: 2i (2 multiply the square root of -1).

        // Binary literals are prefixed with 0b, octal literals with 0o, and hexadecimal
        // literals 0x. A leading zero does not produce an octal constant (unlike C).

        // In Odin, if a number constant is possible to be represented by a type without
        // precision loss, it will automatically convert to that type.

        x: int = 1.0; // A float literal but it can be represented by an integer without precision loss
        // Constant literals are “untyped” which means that they can implicitly convert to a type.

        y: int; // `y` is typed of type `int`
        y = 1;  // `1` is an untyped integer literal which can implicitly convert to `int`

        z: f64; // `z` is typed of type `f64` (64-bit floating point number)
        z = 1;  // `1` is an untyped integer literals which can be implicity conver to `f64`
                // No need for any suffixes or decimal places like in other languages
                // CONSTANTS JUST WORK!!!


        // Assignment statements
        h: int = 123; // declares a new variable `h` with type `int` and assigns a value to it
        h = 637; // assigns a new value to `h`

        // `=` is the assignment operator

        // You can assign multiple variables with it:
        a, b := 1, "hello"; // declares `a` and `b` and infers the types from the assignments
        b, a = "byte", 0;

        // Note: `:=` is two tokens, `:` and `=`. The following are equivalent,
        /*
            i: int = 123;
            i:     = 123;
            i := 123;
        */

        // Constant declarations
        // Constants are entities (symbols) which have an assigned value.
        // The constant’s value cannot be changed.
        // The constant’s value must be able to be evaluated at compile time:
        X :: "what"; // constant `X` has the untyped string value "what"

        // Constants can be explicitly typed like a variable declaration:
        Y : int : 123;
        Z :: Y + 7; // constant computations are possible

        _ = my_integer_variable;
        _ = x;
    }
}

control_flow :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# control flow");
    { // Control flow
        // For loop
        // Odin has only one loop statement, the `for` loop

        // Basic for loop
        for i := 0; i < 10; i += 1 {
            fmt.println(i);
        }

        // NOTE: Unlike other languages like C, there are no parentheses `( )` surrounding the three components.
        // Braces `{ }` or a `do` are always required>
        for i := 0; i < 10; i += 1 { }
        for i := 0; i < 10; i += 1 do fmt.print();

        // The initial and post statements are optional
        i := 0;
        for ; i < 10; {
            i += 1;
        }

        // These semicolons can be dropped. This `for` loop is equivalent to C's `while` loop
        i = 0;
        for i < 10 {
            i += 1;
        }

        // If the condition is omitted, this produces an infinite loop:
        for {
            break;
        }

        // Range-based for loop
        // The basic for loop
        for j := 0; j < 10; j += 1 {
            fmt.println(j);
        }
        // can also be written
        for j in 0..<10 {
            fmt.println(j);
        }
        for j in 0..9 {
            fmt.println(j);
        }

        // Certain built-in types can be iterated over
        some_string := "Hello, 世界";
        for character in some_string { // Strings are assumed to be UTF-8
            fmt.println(character);
        }

        some_array := [3]int{1, 4, 9};
        for value in some_array {
            fmt.println(value);
        }

        some_slice := []int{1, 4, 9};
        for value in some_slice {
            fmt.println(value);
        }

        some_dynamic_array := [dynamic]int{1, 4, 9};
        defer delete(some_dynamic_array);
        for value in some_dynamic_array {
            fmt.println(value);
        }


        some_map := map[string]int{"A" = 1, "C" = 9, "B" = 4};
        defer delete(some_map);
        for key in some_map {
            fmt.println(key);
        }

        // Alternatively a second index value can be added
        for character, index in some_string {
            fmt.println(index, character);
        }
        for value, index in some_array {
            fmt.println(index, value);
        }
        for value, index in some_slice {
            fmt.println(index, value);
        }
        for value, index in some_dynamic_array {
            fmt.println(index, value);
        }
        for key, value in some_map {
            fmt.println(key, value);
        }

        // The iterated values are copies and cannot be written to.
        // The following idiom is useful for iterating over a container in a by-reference manner:
        for _, idx in some_slice {
            some_slice[idx] = (idx+1)*(idx+1);
        }


        // If statements
        x := 123;
        if x >= 0 {
            fmt.println("x is positive");
        }

        if y := -34; y < 0 {
            fmt.println("y is negative");
        }

        if y := 123; y < 0 {
            fmt.println("y is negative");
        } else if y == 0 {
            fmt.println("y is zero");
        } else {
            fmt.println("y is positive");
        }

        // Switch statement
        // A switch statement is another way to write a sequence of if-else statements.
        // In Odin, the default case is denoted as a case without any expression.

        switch arch := ODIN_ARCH; arch {
        case "386":
            fmt.println("32-bit");
        case "amd64":
            fmt.println("64-bit");
        case: // default
            fmt.println("Unsupported architecture");
        }

        // Odin’s `switch` is like one in C or C++, except that Odin only runs the selected case.
        // This means that a `break` statement is not needed at the end of each case.
        // Another important difference is that the case values need not be integers nor constants.

        // To achieve a C-like fall through into the next case block, the keyword `fallthrough` can be used.
        one_angry_dwarf :: proc() -> int {
            fmt.println("one_angry_dwarf was called");
            return 1;
        }

        switch j := 0; j {
        case 0:
        case one_angry_dwarf():
        }

        // A switch statement without a condition is the same as `switch true`.
        // This can be used to write a clean and long if-else chain and have the
        // ability to break if needed

        switch {
        case x < 0:
            fmt.println("x is negative");
        case x == 0:
            fmt.println("x is zero");
        case:
            fmt.println("x is positive");
        }

        // A `switch` statement can also use ranges like a range-based loop:
        switch c := 'j'; c {
        case 'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '0'..'9':
            fmt.println("c is alphanumeric");
        }

        switch x {
        case 0..<10:
            fmt.println("units");
        case 10..<13:
            fmt.println("pre-teens");
        case 13..<20:
            fmt.println("teens");
        case 20..<30:
            fmt.println("twenties");
        }
    }

    { // Defer statement
        // A defer statement defers the execution of a statement until the end of
        // the scope it is in.

        // The following will print 4 then 234:
        {
            x := 123;
            defer fmt.println(x);
            {
                defer x = 4;
                x = 2;
            }
            fmt.println(x);

            x = 234;
        }

        // You can defer an entire block too:
        {
            bar :: proc() {}

            defer {
                fmt.println("1");
                fmt.println("2");
            }

            cond := false;
            defer if cond {
                bar();
            }
        }

        // Defer statements are executed in the reverse order that they were declared:
        {
            defer fmt.println("1");
            defer fmt.println("2");
            defer fmt.println("3");
        }
        // Will print 3, 2, and then 1.

        if false {
            f, err := os.open("my_file.txt");
            if err != 0 {
                // handle error
            }
            defer os.close(f);
            // rest of code
        }
    }

    { // When statement
        /*
            The when statement is almost identical to the if statement but with some differences:

            * Each condition must be a constant expression as a when
              statement is evaluated at compile time.
            * The statements within a branch do not create a new scope
            * The compiler checks the semantics and code only for statements
              that belong to the first condition that is true
            * An initial statement is not allowed in a when statement
            * when statements are allowed at file scope
        */

        // Example
        when ODIN_ARCH == "386" {
            fmt.println("32 bit");
        } else when ODIN_ARCH == "amd64" {
            fmt.println("64 bit");
        } else {
            fmt.println("Unsupported architecture");
        }
        // The when statement is very useful for writing platform specific code.
        // This is akin to the #if construct in C’s preprocessor however, in Odin,
        // it is type checked.
    }

    { // Branch statements
        cond, cond1, cond2 := false, false, false;
        one_step :: proc() { fmt.println("one_step"); }
        beyond :: proc() { fmt.println("beyond"); }

        // Break statement
        for cond {
            switch {
            case:
                if cond {
                    break; // break out of the `switch` statement
                }
            }

            break; // break out of the `for` statement
        }

        loop: for cond1 {
            for cond2 {
                break loop; // leaves both loops
            }
        }

        // Continue statement
        for cond {
            if cond2 {
                continue;
            }
            fmt.println("Hellope");
        }

        // Fallthrough statement

        // Odin’s switch is like one in C or C++, except that Odin only runs the selected
        // case. This means that a break statement is not needed at the end of each case.
        // Another important difference is that the case values need not be integers nor
        // constants.

        // fallthrough can be used to explicitly fall through into the next case block:

        switch i := 0; i {
        case 0:
            one_step();
            fallthrough;
        case 1:
            beyond();
        }
    }
}


named_proc_return_parameters :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# named proc return parameters");

    foo0 :: proc() -> int {
        return 123;
    }
    foo1 :: proc() -> (a: int) {
        a = 123;
        return;
    }
    foo2 :: proc() -> (a, b: int) {
        // Named return values act like variables within the scope
        a = 321;
        b = 567;
        return b, a;
    }
    fmt.println("foo0 =", foo0()); // 123
    fmt.println("foo1 =", foo1()); // 123
    fmt.println("foo2 =", foo2()); // 567 321
}


explicit_procedure_overloading :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# explicit procedure overloading");

    add_ints :: proc(a, b: int) -> int {
        x := a + b;
        fmt.println("add_ints", x);
        return x;
    }
    add_floats :: proc(a, b: f32) -> f32 {
        x := a + b;
        fmt.println("add_floats", x);
        return x;
    }
    add_numbers :: proc(a: int, b: f32, c: u8) -> int {
        x := int(a) + int(b) + int(c);
        fmt.println("add_numbers", x);
        return x;
    }

    add :: proc{add_ints, add_floats, add_numbers};

    add(int(1), int(2));
    add(f32(1), f32(2));
    add(int(1), f32(2), u8(3));

    add(1, 2);     // untyped ints coerce to int tighter than f32
    add(1.0, 2.0); // untyped floats coerce to f32 tighter than int
    add(1, 2, 3);  // three parameters

    // Ambiguous answers
    // add(1.0, 2);
    // add(1, 2.0);
}

struct_type :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# struct type");
    // A struct is a record type in Odin. It is a collection of fields.
    // Struct fields are accessed by using a dot:
    {
        Vector2 :: struct {
            x: f32,
            y: f32,
        };
        v := Vector2{1, 2};
        v.x = 4;
        fmt.println(v.x);

        // Struct fields can be accessed through a struct pointer:

        v = Vector2{1, 2};
        p := &v;
        p.x = 1335;
        fmt.println(v);

        // We could write p^.x, however, it is to nice abstract the ability
        // to not explicitly dereference the pointer. This is very useful when
        // refactoring code to use a pointer rather than a value, and vice versa.
    }
    {
        // A struct literal can be denoted by providing the struct’s type
        // followed by {}. A struct literal must either provide all the
        // arguments or none:
        Vector3 :: struct {
            x, y, z: f32,
        };
        v: Vector3;
        v = Vector3{}; // Zero value
        v = Vector3{1, 4, 9};

        // You can list just a subset of the fields if you specify the
        // field by name (the order of the named fields does not matter):
        v = Vector3{z=1, y=2};
        assert(v.x == 0);
        assert(v.y == 2);
        assert(v.z == 1);
    }
    {
        // Structs can tagged with different memory layout and alignment requirements:

        a :: struct #align 4   {}; // align to 4 bytes
        b :: struct #packed    {}; // remove padding between fields
        c :: struct #raw_union {}; // all fields share the same offset (0). This is the same as C's union
    }

}


union_type :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# union type");
    {
        val: union{int, bool};
        val = 137;
        if i, ok := val.(int); ok {
            fmt.println(i);
        }
        val = true;
        fmt.println(val);

        val = nil;

        switch v in val {
        case int:  fmt.println("int",  v);
        case bool: fmt.println("bool", v);
        case:      fmt.println("nil");
        }
    }
    {
        // There is a duality between `any` and `union`
        // An `any` has a pointer to the data and allows for any type (open)
        // A `union` has as binary blob to store the data and allows only certain types (closed)
        // The following code is with `any` but has the same syntax
        val: any;
        val = 137;
        if i, ok := val.(int); ok {
            fmt.println(i);
        }
        val = true;
        fmt.println(val);

        val = nil;

        switch v in val {
        case int:  fmt.println("int",  v);
        case bool: fmt.println("bool", v);
        case:      fmt.println("nil");
        }
    }

    Vector3 :: distinct [3]f32;
    Quaternion :: distinct quaternion128;

    // More realistic examples
    {
        // NOTE(bill): For the above basic examples, you may not have any
        // particular use for it. However, my main use for them is not for these
        // simple cases. My main use is for hierarchical types. Many prefer
        // subtyping, embedding the base data into the derived types. Below is
        // an example of this for a basic game Entity.

        Entity :: struct {
            id:          u64,
            name:        string,
            position:    Vector3,
            orientation: Quaternion,

            derived: any,
        };

        Frog :: struct {
            using entity: Entity,
            jump_height:  f32,
        };

        Monster :: struct {
            using entity: Entity,
            is_robot:     bool,
            is_zombie:    bool,
        };

        // See `parametric_polymorphism` procedure for details
        new_entity :: proc($T: typeid) -> ^Entity {
            t := new(T);
            t.derived = t^;
            return t;
        }

        entity := new_entity(Monster);

        switch e in entity.derived {
        case Frog:
            fmt.println("Ribbit");
        case Monster:
            if e.is_robot  do fmt.println("Robotic");
            if e.is_zombie do fmt.println("Grrrr!");
            fmt.println("I'm a monster");
        }
    }

    {
        // NOTE(bill): A union can be used to achieve something similar. Instead
        // of embedding the base data into the derived types, the derived data
        // in embedded into the base type. Below is the same example of the
        // basic game Entity but using an union.

        Entity :: struct {
            id:          u64,
            name:        string,
            position:    Vector3,
            orientation: Quaternion,

            derived: union {Frog, Monster},
        };

        Frog :: struct {
            using entity: ^Entity,
            jump_height:  f32,
        };

        Monster :: struct {
            using entity: ^Entity,
            is_robot:     bool,
            is_zombie:    bool,
        };

        // See `parametric_polymorphism` procedure for details
        new_entity :: proc($T: typeid) -> ^Entity {
            t := new(Entity);
            t.derived = T{entity = t};
            return t;
        }

        entity := new_entity(Monster);

        switch e in entity.derived {
        case Frog:
            fmt.println("Ribbit");
        case Monster:
            if e.is_robot  do fmt.println("Robotic");
            if e.is_zombie do fmt.println("Grrrr!");
        }

        // NOTE(bill): As you can see, the usage code has not changed, only its
        // memory layout. Both approaches have their own advantages but they can
        // be used together to achieve different results. The subtyping approach
        // can allow for a greater control of the memory layout and memory
        // allocation, e.g. storing the derivatives together. However, this is
        // also its disadvantage. You must either preallocate arrays for each
        // derivative separation (which can be easily missed) or preallocate a
        // bunch of "raw" memory; determining the maximum size of the derived
        // types would require the aid of metaprogramming. Unions solve this
        // particular problem as the data is stored with the base data.
        // Therefore, it is possible to preallocate, e.g. [100]Entity.

        // It should be noted that the union approach can have the same memory
        // layout as the any and with the same type restrictions by using a
        // pointer type for the derivatives.

        /*
            Entity :: struct {
                ...
                derived: union{^Frog, ^Monster},
            }

            Frog :: struct {
                using entity: Entity,
                ...
            }
            Monster :: struct {
                using entity: Entity,
                ...

            }
            new_entity :: proc(T: type) -> ^Entity {
                t := new(T);
                t.derived = t;
                return t;
            }
        */
    }
}

using_statement :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# using statement");
    // using can used to bring entities declared in a scope/namespace
    // into the current scope. This can be applied to import declarations,
    // import names, struct fields, procedure fields, and struct values.

    Vector3 :: struct{x, y, z: f32};
    {
        Entity :: struct {
            position: Vector3,
            orientation: quaternion128,
        };

        // It can used like this:
        foo0 :: proc(entity: ^Entity) {
            fmt.println(entity.position.x, entity.position.y, entity.position.z);
        }

        // The entity members can be brought into the procedure scope by using it:
        foo1 :: proc(entity: ^Entity) {
            using entity;
            fmt.println(position.x, position.y, position.z);
        }

        // The using can be applied to the parameter directly:
        foo2 :: proc(using entity: ^Entity) {
            fmt.println(position.x, position.y, position.z);
        }

        // It can also be applied to sub-fields:
        foo3 :: proc(entity: ^Entity) {
            using entity.position;
            fmt.println(x, y, z);
        }
    }
    {
        // We can also apply the using statement to the struct fields directly,
        // making all the fields of position appear as if they on Entity itself:
        Entity :: struct {
            using position: Vector3,
            orientation: quaternion128,
        };
        foo :: proc(entity: ^Entity) {
            fmt.println(entity.x, entity.y, entity.z);
        }


        // Subtype polymorphism
        // It is possible to get subtype polymorphism, similar to inheritance-like
        // functionality in C++, but without the requirement of vtables or unknown
        // struct layout:

        Colour :: struct {r, g, b, a: u8};
        Frog :: struct {
            ribbit_volume: f32,
            using entity: Entity,
            colour: Colour,
        };

        frog: Frog;
        // Both work
        foo(&frog.entity);
        foo(&frog);
        frog.x = 123;

        // Note: using can be applied to arbitrarily many things, which allows
        // the ability to have multiple subtype polymorphism (but also its issues).

        // Note: using’d fields can still be referred by name.
    }
    { // using on an enum declaration

        using Foo :: enum {A, B, C};

        f0 := A;
        f1 := B;
        f2 := C;
        fmt.println(f0, f1, f2);
        fmt.println(len(Foo));
    }
}


implicit_context_system :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# implicit context system");
    // In each scope, there is an implicit value named context. This
    // context variable is local to each scope and is implicitly passed
    // by pointer to any procedure call in that scope (if the procedure
    // has the Odin calling convention).

    // The main purpose of the implicit context system is for the ability
    // to intercept third-party code and libraries and modify their
    // functionality. One such case is modifying how a library allocates
    // something or logs something. In C, this was usually achieved with
    // the library defining macros which could be overridden so that the
    // user could define what he wanted. However, not many libraries
    // supported this in many languages by default which meant intercepting
    // third-party code to see what it does and to change how it does it is
    // not possible.

    c := context; // copy the current scope's context

    context.user_index = 456;
    {
        context.allocator = my_custom_allocator();
        context.user_index = 123;
        what_a_fool_believes(); // the `context` for this scope is implicitly passed to `what_a_fool_believes`
    }

    // `context` value is local to the scope it is in
    assert(context.user_index == 456);

    what_a_fool_believes :: proc() {
        c := context; // this `context` is the same as the parent procedure that it was called from
        // From this example, context.user_index == 123
        // An context.allocator is assigned to the return value of `my_custom_allocator()`
        assert(context.user_index == 123);

        // The memory management procedure use the `context.allocator` by
        // default unless explicitly specified otherwise
        china_grove := new(int);
        free(china_grove);

        _ = c;
    }

    my_custom_allocator :: mem.nil_allocator;
    _ = c;

    // By default, the context value has default values for its parameters which is
    // decided in the package runtime. What the defaults are are compiler specific.

    // To see what the implicit context value contains, please see the following
    // definition in package runtime.
}

parametric_polymorphism :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# parametric polymorphism");

    print_value :: proc(value: $T) {
        fmt.printf("print_value: %T %v\n", value, value);
    }

    v1: int    = 1;
    v2: f32    = 2.1;
    v3: f64    = 3.14;
    v4: string = "message";

    print_value(v1);
    print_value(v2);
    print_value(v3);
    print_value(v4);

    fmt.println();

    add :: proc(p, q: $T) -> T {
        x: T = p + q;
        return x;
    }

    a := add(3, 4);
    fmt.printf("a: %T = %v\n", a, a);

    b := add(3.2, 4.3);
    fmt.printf("b: %T = %v\n", b, b);

    // This is how `new` is implemented
    alloc_type :: proc($T: typeid) -> ^T {
        t := cast(^T)alloc(size_of(T), align_of(T));
        t^ = T{}; // Use default initialization value
        return t;
    }

    copy_slice :: proc(dst, src: []$T) -> int {
        n := min(len(dst), len(src));
        if n > 0 {
            mem.copy(&dst[0], &src[0], n*size_of(T));
        }
        return n;
    }

    double_params :: proc(a: $A, b: $B) -> A {
        return a + A(b);
    }

    fmt.println(double_params(12, 1.345));



    { // Polymorphic Types and Type Specialization
        Table_Slot :: struct(Key, Value: typeid) {
            occupied: bool,
            hash:     u32,
            key:      Key,
            value:    Value,
        };
        TABLE_SIZE_MIN :: 32;
        Table :: struct(Key, Value: typeid) {
            count:     int,
            allocator: mem.Allocator,
            slots:     []Table_Slot(Key, Value),
        };

        // Only allow types that are specializations of a (polymorphic) slice
        make_slice :: proc($T: typeid/[]$E, len: int) -> T {
            return make(T, len);
        }

        // Only allow types that are specializations of `Table`
        allocate :: proc(table: ^$T/Table, capacity: int) {
            c := context;
            if table.allocator.procedure != nil do c.allocator = table.allocator;
            context = c;

            table.slots = make_slice(type_of(table.slots), max(capacity, TABLE_SIZE_MIN));
        }

        expand :: proc(table: ^$T/Table) {
            c := context;
            if table.allocator.procedure != nil do c.allocator = table.allocator;
            context = c;

            old_slots := table.slots;
            defer delete(old_slots);

            cap := max(2*len(table.slots), TABLE_SIZE_MIN);
            allocate(table, cap);

            for s in old_slots do if s.occupied {
                put(table, s.key, s.value);
            }
        }

        // Polymorphic determination of a polymorphic struct
        // put :: proc(table: ^$T/Table, key: T.Key, value: T.Value) {
        put :: proc(table: ^Table($Key, $Value), key: Key, value: Value) {
            hash := get_hash(key); // Ad-hoc method which would fail in a different scope
            index := find_index(table, key, hash);
            if index < 0 {
                if f64(table.count) >= 0.75*f64(len(table.slots)) {
                    expand(table);
                }
                assert(table.count <= len(table.slots));

                index = int(hash % u32(len(table.slots)));

                for table.slots[index].occupied {
                    if index += 1; index >= len(table.slots) {
                        index = 0;
                    }
                }

                table.count += 1;
            }

            slot := &table.slots[index];
            slot.occupied = true;
            slot.hash     = hash;
            slot.key      = key;
            slot.value    = value;
        }


        // find :: proc(table: ^$T/Table, key: T.Key) -> (T.Value, bool) {
        find :: proc(table: ^Table($Key, $Value), key: Key) -> (Value, bool) {
            hash := get_hash(key);
            index := find_index(table, key, hash);
            if index < 0 {
                return Value{}, false;
            }
            return table.slots[index].value, true;
        }

        find_index :: proc(table: ^Table($Key, $Value), key: Key, hash: u32) -> int {
            if len(table.slots) <= 0 do return -1;

            index := int(hash % u32(len(table.slots)));
            for table.slots[index].occupied {
                if table.slots[index].hash == hash {
                    if table.slots[index].key == key {
                        return index;
                    }
                }

                if index += 1; index >= len(table.slots) {
                    index = 0;
                }
            }

            return -1;
        }

        get_hash :: proc(s: string) -> u32 { // fnv32a
            h: u32 = 0x811c9dc5;
            for i in 0..<len(s) {
                h = (h ~ u32(s[i])) * 0x01000193;
            }
            return h;
        }


        table: Table(string, int);

        for i in 0..36 do put(&table, "Hellope", i);
        for i in 0..42 do put(&table, "World!",  i);

        found, _ := find(&table, "Hellope");
        fmt.printf("`found` is %v\n", found);

        found, _ = find(&table, "World!");
        fmt.printf("`found` is %v\n", found);

        // I would not personally design a hash table like this in production
        // but this is a nice basic example
        // A better approach would either use a `u64` or equivalent for the key
        // and let the user specify the hashing function or make the user store
        // the hashing procedure with the table
    }

    { // Parametric polymorphic union
        Error :: enum {
            Foo0,
            Foo1,
            Foo2,
            Foo3,
        };
        Para_Union :: union(T: typeid) {T, Error};
        r: Para_Union(int);
        fmt.println(typeid_of(type_of(r)));

        fmt.println(r);
        r = 123;
        fmt.println(r);
        r = Error.Foo0; // r = .Foo0; is allow too, see implicit selector expressions below
        fmt.println(r);
    }

    { // Polymorphic names
        foo :: proc($N: $I, $T: typeid) -> (res: [N]T) {
            // `N` is the constant value passed
            // `I` is the type of N
            // `T` is the type passed
            fmt.printf("Generating an array of type %v from the value %v of type %v\n",
                       typeid_of(type_of(res)), N, typeid_of(I));
            for i in 0..<N {
                res[i] = T(i*i);
            }
            return;
        }

        T :: int;
        array := foo(4, T);
        for v, i in array {
            assert(v == T(i*i));
        }

        // Matrix multiplication
        mul :: proc(a: [$M][$N]$T, b: [N][$P]T) -> (c: [M][P]T) {
            for i in 0..<M {
                for j in 0..<P {
                    for k in 0..<N {
                        c[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
                    }
                }
            }
            return;
        }

        x := [2][3]f32{
            {1, 2, 3},
            {3, 2, 1},
        };
        y := [3][2]f32{
            {0, 8},
            {6, 2},
            {8, 4},
        };
        z := mul(x, y);
        assert(z == {{36, 24}, {20, 32}});
    }
}


prefix_table := [?]string{
    "White",
    "Red",
    "Green",
    "Blue",
    "Octarine",
    "Black",
};

threading_example :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# threading_example");

    { // Basic Threads
        fmt.println("\n## Basic Threads");
            worker_proc :: proc(t: ^thread.Thread) {
            for iteration in 1..5 {
                fmt.printf("Thread %d is on iteration %d\n", t.user_index, iteration);
                fmt.printf("`%s`: iteration %d\n", prefix_table[t.user_index], iteration);
                time.sleep(1 * time.Millisecond);
            }
        }

        threads := make([dynamic]^thread.Thread, 0, len(prefix_table));
        defer delete(threads);

        for in prefix_table {
            if t := thread.create(worker_proc); t != nil {
                t.init_context = context;
                t.use_init_context = true;
                t.user_index = len(threads);
                append(&threads, t);
                thread.start(t);
            }
        }

        for len(threads) > 0 {
            for i := 0; i < len(threads); /**/ {
                if t := threads[i]; thread.is_done(t) {
                    fmt.printf("Thread %d is done\n", t.user_index);
                    thread.destroy(t);

                    ordered_remove(&threads, i);
                } else {
                    i += 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    { // Thread Pool
        fmt.println("\n## Thread Pool");
        task_proc :: proc(t: ^thread.Task) {
            index := t.user_index % len(prefix_table);
            for iteration in 1..5 {
                fmt.printf("Worker Task %d is on iteration %d\n", t.user_index, iteration);
                fmt.printf("`%s`: iteration %d\n", prefix_table[index], iteration);
                time.sleep(1 * time.Millisecond);
            }
        }

        pool: thread.Pool;
        thread.pool_init(pool=&pool, thread_count=3);
        defer thread.pool_destroy(&pool);


        for i in 0..<30 {
            thread.pool_add_task(pool=&pool, procedure=task_proc, data=nil, user_index=i);
        }

        thread.pool_start(&pool);
        thread.pool_wait_and_process(&pool);
    }
}


array_programming :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# array programming");
    {
        a := [3]f32{1, 2, 3};
        b := [3]f32{5, 6, 7};
        c := a * b;
        d := a + b;
        e := 1 +  (c - d) / 2;
        fmt.printf("%.1f\n", e); // [0.5, 3.0, 6.5]
    }

    {
        a := [3]f32{1, 2, 3};
        b := swizzle(a, 2, 1, 0);
        assert(b == [3]f32{3, 2, 1});

        c := swizzle(a, 0, 0);
        assert(c == [2]f32{1, 1});
        assert(c == 1);
    }

    {
        Vector3 :: distinct [3]f32;
        a := Vector3{1, 2, 3};
        b := Vector3{5, 6, 7};
        c := (a * b)/2 + 1;
        d := c.x + c.y + c.z;
        fmt.printf("%.1f\n", d); // 22.0

        cross :: proc(a, b: Vector3) -> Vector3 {
            i := swizzle(a, 1, 2, 0) * swizzle(b, 2, 0, 1);
            j := swizzle(a, 2, 0, 1) * swizzle(b, 1, 2, 0);
            return i - j;
        }

        blah :: proc(a: Vector3) -> f32 {
            return a.x + a.y + a.z;
        }

        x := cross(a, b);
        fmt.println(x);
        fmt.println(blah(x));
    }
}

map_type :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# map type");

    m := make(map[string]int);
    defer delete(m);

    m["Bob"] = 2;
    m["Ted"] = 5;
    fmt.println(m["Bob"]);

    delete_key(&m, "Ted");

    // If an element of a key does not exist, the zero value of the
    // element will be returned. To check to see if an element exists
    // can be done in two ways:
    elem, ok := m["Bob"];
    exists := "Bob" in m;
    _, _ = elem, ok;
    _ = exists;
}

implicit_selector_expression :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# implicit selector expression");

    Foo :: enum {A, B, C};

    f: Foo;
    f = Foo.A;
    f = .A;

    BAR :: bit_set[Foo]{.B, .C};

    switch f {
    case .A:
        fmt.println("HERE");
    case .B:
        fmt.println("NEVER");
    case .C:
        fmt.println("FOREVER");
    }

    my_map := make(map[Foo]int);
    defer delete(my_map);

    my_map[.A] = 123;
    my_map[Foo.B] = 345;

    fmt.println(my_map[.A] + my_map[Foo.B] + my_map[.C]);
}


partial_switch :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# partial_switch");
    { // enum
        Foo :: enum {
            A,
            B,
            C,
            D,
        };

        f := Foo.A;
        switch f {
        case .A: fmt.println("A");
        case .B: fmt.println("B");
        case .C: fmt.println("C");
        case .D: fmt.println("D");
        case:    fmt.println("?");
        }

        #partial switch f {
        case .A: fmt.println("A");
        case .D: fmt.println("D");
        }
    }
    { // union
        Foo :: union {int, bool};
        f: Foo = 123;
        switch in f {
        case int:  fmt.println("int");
        case bool: fmt.println("bool");
        case:
        }

        #partial switch in f {
        case bool: fmt.println("bool");
        }
    }
}

cstring_example :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# cstring_example");

    W :: "Hellope";
    X :: cstring(W);
    Y :: string(X);

    w := W;
    _ = w;
    x: cstring = X;
    y: string = Y;
    z := string(x);
    fmt.println(x, y, z);
    fmt.println(len(x), len(y), len(z));
    fmt.println(len(W), len(X), len(Y));
    // IMPORTANT NOTE for cstring variables
    // len(cstring) is O(N)
    // cast(string)cstring is O(N)
}

bit_set_type :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# bit_set type");

    {
        using Day :: enum {
            Sunday,
            Monday,
            Tuesday,
            Wednesday,
            Thursday,
            Friday,
            Saturday,
        };

        Days :: distinct bit_set[Day];
        WEEKEND :: Days{Sunday, Saturday};

        d: Days;
        d = {Sunday, Monday};
        e := d | WEEKEND;
        e |= {Monday};
        fmt.println(d, e);

        ok := Saturday in e; // `in` is only allowed for `map` and `bit_set` types
        fmt.println(ok);
        if Saturday in e {
            fmt.println("Saturday in", e);
        }
        X :: Saturday in WEEKEND; // Constant evaluation
        fmt.println(X);
        fmt.println("Cardinality:", card(e));
    }
    {
        x: bit_set['A'..'Z'];
        #assert(size_of(x) == size_of(u32));
        y: bit_set[0..8; u16];
        fmt.println(typeid_of(type_of(x))); // bit_set[A..Z]
        fmt.println(typeid_of(type_of(y))); // bit_set[0..8; u16]

        incl(&x, 'F');
        assert('F' in x);
        excl(&x, 'F');
        assert('F' notin x);

        y |= {1, 4, 2};
        assert(2 in y);
    }
    {
        Letters :: bit_set['A'..'Z'];
        a := Letters{'A', 'B'};
        b := Letters{'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'F'};
        c := Letters{'A', 'B'};

        assert(a <= b); // 'a' is a subset of 'b'
        assert(b >= a); // 'b' is a superset of 'a'
        assert(a < b);  // 'a' is a strict subset of 'b'
        assert(b > a);  // 'b' is a strict superset of 'a'

        assert(!(a < c)); // 'a' is a not strict subset of 'c'
        assert(!(c > a)); // 'c' is a not strict superset of 'a'
    }
}

deferred_procedure_associations :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# deferred procedure associations");

    @(deferred_out=closure)
    open :: proc(s: string) -> bool {
        fmt.println(s);
        return true;
    }

    closure :: proc(ok: bool) {
        fmt.println("Goodbye?", ok);
    }

    if open("Welcome") {
        fmt.println("Something in the middle, mate.");
    }
}

reflection :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n# reflection");

    Foo :: struct {
        x: int    `tag1`,
        y: string `json:"y_field"`,
        z: bool, // no tag
    };

    id := typeid_of(Foo);
    names := reflect.struct_field_names(id);
    types := reflect.struct_field_types(id);
    tags  := reflect.struct_field_tags(id);

    assert(len(names) == len(types) && len(names) == len(tags));

    fmt.println("Foo :: struct {");
    for tag, i in tags {
        name, type := names[i], types[i];
        if tag != "" {
            fmt.printf("\t%s: %T `%s`,\n", name, type, tag);
        } else {
            fmt.printf("\t%s: %T,\n", name, type);
        }
    }
    fmt.println("}");


    for tag, i in tags {
        if val, ok := reflect.struct_tag_lookup(tag, "json"); ok {
            fmt.printf("json: %s -> %s\n", names[i], val);
        }
    }
}

quaternions :: proc() {
    // Not just an April Fool's Joke any more, but a fully working thing!
    fmt.println("\n# quaternions");

    { // Quaternion operations
        q := 1 + 2i + 3j + 4k;
        r := quaternion(5, 6, 7, 8);
        t := q * r;
        fmt.printf("(%v) * (%v) = %v\n", q, r, t);
        v := q / r;
        fmt.printf("(%v) / (%v) = %v\n", q, r, v);
        u := q + r;
        fmt.printf("(%v) + (%v) = %v\n", q, r, u);
        s := q - r;
        fmt.printf("(%v) - (%v) = %v\n", q, r, s);
    }
    { // The quaternion types
        q128: quaternion128; // 4xf32
        q256: quaternion256; // 4xf64
        q128 = quaternion(1, 0, 0, 0);
        q256 = 1; // quaternion(1, 0, 0, 0);
    }
    { // Built-in procedures
        q := 1 + 2i + 3j + 4k;
        fmt.println("q =", q);
        fmt.println("real(q) =", real(q));
        fmt.println("imag(q) =", imag(q));
        fmt.println("jmag(q) =", jmag(q));
        fmt.println("kmag(q) =", kmag(q));
        fmt.println("conj(q) =", conj(q));
        fmt.println("abs(q)  =", abs(q));
    }
    { // Conversion of a complex type to a quaternion type
        c := 1 + 2i;
        q := quaternion256(c);
        fmt.println(c);
        fmt.println(q);
    }
    { // Memory layout of Quaternions
        q := 1 + 2i + 3j + 4k;
        a := transmute([4]f64)q;
        fmt.println("Quaternion memory layout: xyzw/(ijkr)");
        fmt.println(q); // 1.000+2.000i+3.000j+4.000k
        fmt.println(a); // [2.000, 3.000, 4.000, 1.000]
    }
}

inline_for_statement :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n#inline for statements");

    // 'inline for' works the same as if the 'inline' prefix did not
    // exist but these ranged loops are explicitly unrolled which can
    // be very very useful for certain optimizations

    fmt.println("Ranges");
    inline for x, i in 1..<4 {
        fmt.println(x, i);
    }

    fmt.println("Strings");
    inline for r, i in "Hello, 世界" {
        fmt.println(r, i);
    }

    fmt.println("Arrays");
    inline for elem, idx in ([4]int{1, 4, 9, 16}) {
        fmt.println(elem, idx);
    }


    Foo_Enum :: enum {
        A = 1,
        B,
        C = 6,
        D,
    };
    fmt.println("Enum types");
    inline for elem, idx in Foo_Enum {
        fmt.println(elem, idx);
    }
}

where_clauses :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n#procedure 'where' clauses");

    { // Sanity checks
        simple_sanity_check :: proc(x: [2]int)
            where len(x) > 1,
                  type_of(x) == [2]int {
            fmt.println(x);
        }
    }
    { // Parametric polymorphism checks
        cross_2d :: proc(a, b: $T/[2]$E) -> E
            where intrinsics.type_is_numeric(E) {
            return a.x*b.y - a.y*b.x;
        }
        cross_3d :: proc(a, b: $T/[3]$E) -> T
            where intrinsics.type_is_numeric(E) {
            x := a.y*b.z - a.z*b.y;
            y := a.z*b.x - a.x*b.z;
            z := a.x*b.y - a.y*b.z;
            return T{x, y, z};
        }

        a := [2]int{1, 2};
        b := [2]int{5, -3};
        fmt.println(cross_2d(a, b));

        x := [3]f32{1, 4, 9};
        y := [3]f32{-5, 0, 3};
        fmt.println(cross_3d(x, y));

        // Failure case
        // i := [2]bool{true, false};
        // j := [2]bool{false, true};
        // fmt.println(cross_2d(i, j));

    }

    { // Procedure groups usage
        foo :: proc(x: [$N]int) -> bool
            where N > 2 {
            fmt.println(#procedure, "was called with the parameter", x);
            return true;
        }

        bar :: proc(x: [$N]int) -> bool
            where 0 < N,
                  N <= 2 {
            fmt.println(#procedure, "was called with the parameter", x);
            return false;
        }

        baz :: proc{foo, bar};

        x := [3]int{1, 2, 3};
        y := [2]int{4, 9};
        ok_x := baz(x);
        ok_y := baz(y);
        assert(ok_x == true);
        assert(ok_y == false);
    }

    { // Record types
        Foo :: struct(T: typeid, N: int)
            where intrinsics.type_is_integer(T),
                  N > 2 {
            x: [N]T,
            y: [N-2]T,
        };

        T :: i32;
        N :: 5;
        f: Foo(T, N);
        #assert(size_of(f) == (N+N-2)*size_of(T));
    }
}


when ODIN_OS == "windows" do foreign import kernel32 "system:kernel32.lib"

foreign_system :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n#foreign system");
    when ODIN_OS == "windows" {
        // It is sometimes necessarily to interface with foreign code,
        // such as a C library. In Odin, this is achieved through the
        // foreign system. You can “import” a library into the code
        // using the same semantics as a normal import declaration.

        // This foreign import declaration will create a
        // “foreign import name” which can then be used to associate
        // entities within a foreign block.

        foreign kernel32 {
            ExitProcess :: proc "stdcall" (exit_code: u32) ---
        }

        // Foreign procedure declarations have the cdecl/c calling
        // convention by default unless specified otherwise. Due to
        // foreign procedures do not have a body declared within this
        // code, you need append the --- symbol to the end to distinguish
        // it as a procedure literal without a body and not a procedure type.

        // The attributes system can be used to change specific properties
        // of entities declared within a block:

        @(default_calling_convention = "std")
        foreign kernel32 {
            @(link_name="GetLastError") get_last_error :: proc() -> i32 ---
        }

        // Example using the link_prefix attribute
        @(default_calling_convention = "std")
        @(link_prefix = "Get")
        foreign kernel32 {
            LastError :: proc() -> i32 ---
        }
    }
}

ranged_fields_for_array_compound_literals :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n#ranged fields for array compound literals");
    { // Normal Array Literal
        foo := [?]int{1, 4, 9, 16};
        fmt.println(foo);
    }
    { // Indexed
        foo := [?]int{
            3 = 16,
            1 = 4,
            2 = 9,
            0 = 1,
        };
        fmt.println(foo);
    }
    { // Ranges
        i := 2;
        foo := [?]int {
            0 = 123,
            5..9 = 54,
            10..<16 = i*3 + (i-1)*2,
        };
        #assert(len(foo) == 16);
        fmt.println(foo); // [123, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8]
    }
    { // Slice and Dynamic Array support
        i := 2;
        foo_slice := []int {
            0 = 123,
            5..9 = 54,
            10..<16 = i*3 + (i-1)*2,
        };
        assert(len(foo_slice) == 16);
        fmt.println(foo_slice); // [123, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8]

        foo_dynamic_array := [dynamic]int {
            0 = 123,
            5..9 = 54,
            10..<16 = i*3 + (i-1)*2,
        };
        assert(len(foo_dynamic_array) == 16);
        fmt.println(foo_dynamic_array); // [123, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8]
    }
}

deprecated_attribute :: proc() {
    @(deprecated="Use foo_v2 instead")
    foo_v1 :: proc(x: int) {
        fmt.println("foo_v1");
    }
    foo_v2 :: proc(x: int) {
        fmt.println("foo_v2");
    }

    // NOTE: Uncomment to see the warning messages
    // foo_v1(1);
}

range_statements_with_multiple_return_values :: proc() {
    // IMPORTANT NOTE(bill, 2019-11-02): This feature is subject to be changed/removed
    fmt.println("\n#range statements with multiple return values");
    My_Iterator :: struct {
        index: int,
        data:  []i32,
    };
    make_my_iterator :: proc(data: []i32) -> My_Iterator {
        return My_Iterator{data = data};
    }
    my_iterator :: proc(it: ^My_Iterator) -> (val: i32, idx: int, cond: bool) {
        if cond = it.index < len(it.data); cond {
            val = it.data[it.index];
            idx = it.index;
            it.index += 1;
        }
        return;
    }

    data := make([]i32, 6);
    for _, i in data {
        data[i] = i32(i*i);
    }

    {
        it := make_my_iterator(data);
        for val in my_iterator(&it) {
            fmt.println(val);
        }
    }
    {
        it := make_my_iterator(data);
        for val, idx in my_iterator(&it) {
            fmt.println(val, idx);
        }
    }
    {
        it := make_my_iterator(data);
        for {
            val, _, cond := my_iterator(&it);
            if !cond do break;
            fmt.println(val);
        }
    }
}

soa_struct_layout :: proc() {
    // IMPORTANT NOTE(bill, 2019-11-03): This feature is subject to be changed/removed
    // NOTE(bill): Most likely #soa [N]T
    fmt.println("\n#SOA Struct Layout");

    {
        Vector3 :: struct {x, y, z: f32};

        N :: 2;
        v_aos: [N]Vector3;
        v_aos[0].x = 1;
        v_aos[0].y = 4;
        v_aos[0].z = 9;

        fmt.println(len(v_aos));
        fmt.println(v_aos[0]);
        fmt.println(v_aos[0].x);
        fmt.println(&v_aos[0].x);

        v_aos[1] = {0, 3, 4};
        v_aos[1].x = 2;
        fmt.println(v_aos[1]);
        fmt.println(v_aos);

        v_soa: #soa[N]Vector3;

        v_soa[0].x = 1;
        v_soa[0].y = 4;
        v_soa[0].z = 9;


        // Same syntax as AOS and treat as if it was an array
        fmt.println(len(v_soa));
        fmt.println(v_soa[0]);
        fmt.println(v_soa[0].x);
        fmt.println(&v_soa[0].x);
        v_soa[1] = {0, 3, 4};
        v_soa[1].x = 2;
        fmt.println(v_soa[1]);

        // Can use SOA syntax if necessary
        v_soa.x[0] = 1;
        v_soa.y[0] = 4;
        v_soa.z[0] = 9;
        fmt.println(v_soa.x[0]);

        // Same pointer addresses with both syntaxes
        assert(&v_soa[0].x == &v_soa.x[0]);


        // Same fmt printing
        fmt.println(v_aos);
        fmt.println(v_soa);
    }
    {
        // Works with arrays of length <= 4 which have the implicit fields xyzw/rgba
        Vector3 :: distinct [3]f32;

        N :: 2;
        v_aos: [N]Vector3;
        v_aos[0].x = 1;
        v_aos[0].y = 4;
        v_aos[0].z = 9;

        v_soa: #soa[N]Vector3;

        v_soa[0].x = 1;
        v_soa[0].y = 4;
        v_soa[0].z = 9;
    }
    {
        // SOA Slices
        // Vector3 :: struct {x, y, z: f32};
        Vector3 :: struct {x: i8, y: i16, z: f32};

        N :: 3;
        v: #soa[N]Vector3;
        v[0].x = 1;
        v[0].y = 4;
        v[0].z = 9;

        s: #soa[]Vector3;
        s = v[:];
        assert(len(s) == N);
        fmt.println(s);
        fmt.println(s[0].x);

        a := s[1:2];
        assert(len(a) == 1);
        fmt.println(a);

        d: #soa[dynamic]Vector3;

        append_soa(&d, Vector3{1, 2, 3}, Vector3{4, 5, 9}, Vector3{-4, -4, 3});
        fmt.println(d);
        fmt.println(len(d));
        fmt.println(cap(d));
        fmt.println(d[:]);
    }
}

constant_literal_expressions :: proc() {
    fmt.println("\n#constant literal expressions");

    Bar :: struct {x, y: f32};
    Foo :: struct {a, b: int, using c: Bar};

    FOO_CONST :: Foo{b = 2, a = 1, c = {3, 4}};


    fmt.println(FOO_CONST.a);
    fmt.println(FOO_CONST.b);
    fmt.println(FOO_CONST.c);
    fmt.println(FOO_CONST.c.x);
    fmt.println(FOO_CONST.c.y);
    fmt.println(FOO_CONST.x); // using works as expected
    fmt.println(FOO_CONST.y);

    fmt.println("-------");

    ARRAY_CONST :: [3]int{1 = 4, 2 = 9, 0 = 1};

    fmt.println(ARRAY_CONST[0]);
    fmt.println(ARRAY_CONST[1]);
    fmt.println(ARRAY_CONST[2]);

    fmt.println("-------");

    FOO_ARRAY_DEFAULTS :: [3]Foo{{}, {}, {}};
    fmt.println(FOO_ARRAY_DEFAULTS[2].x);

    fmt.println("-------");

    Baz :: enum{A=5, B, C, D};
    ENUM_ARRAY_CONST :: [Baz]int{.A .. .C = 1, .D = 16};

    fmt.println(ENUM_ARRAY_CONST[.A]);
    fmt.println(ENUM_ARRAY_CONST[.B]);
    fmt.println(ENUM_ARRAY_CONST[.C]);
    fmt.println(ENUM_ARRAY_CONST[.D]);

    fmt.println("-------");

    Partial_Baz :: enum{A=5, B, C, D=16};
    #assert(len(Partial_Baz) < len(#partial [Partial_Baz]int));
    PARTIAL_ENUM_ARRAY_CONST :: #partial [Partial_Baz]int{.A .. .C = 1, .D = 16};

    fmt.println(PARTIAL_ENUM_ARRAY_CONST[.A]);
    fmt.println(PARTIAL_ENUM_ARRAY_CONST[.B]);
    fmt.println(PARTIAL_ENUM_ARRAY_CONST[.C]);
    fmt.println(PARTIAL_ENUM_ARRAY_CONST[.D]);

    fmt.println("-------");


    STRING_CONST :: "Hellope!";

    fmt.println(STRING_CONST[0]);
    fmt.println(STRING_CONST[2]);
    fmt.println(STRING_CONST[3]);

    fmt.println(STRING_CONST[0:5]);
    fmt.println(STRING_CONST[3:][:4]);
}


main :: proc() {
    when true {
        the_basics();
        control_flow();
        named_proc_return_parameters();
        explicit_procedure_overloading();
        struct_type();
        union_type();
        using_statement();
        implicit_context_system();
        parametric_polymorphism();
        array_programming();
        map_type();
        implicit_selector_expression();
        partial_switch();
        cstring_example();
        bit_set_type();
        deferred_procedure_associations();
        reflection();
        quaternions();
        inline_for_statement();
        where_clauses();
        foreign_system();
        ranged_fields_for_array_compound_literals();
        deprecated_attribute();
        range_statements_with_multiple_return_values();
        threading_example();
        soa_struct_layout();
        constant_literal_expressions();
    }
}