思路1:迭代
//这是迭代
var preorderTraversal = function(root) {
const res = [];
const stack = [];
if(root) stack.push(root);
while(stack.length){
const n = stack.pop();
res.push(n.val);
if(n.right) stack.push(n.right);
if(n.left) stack.push(n.left);
}
return res;
};