notebooks/examples_of_NeqSim_in_Colab.ipynb

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      "source": [
        "# Introduction to Gas Processing using NeqSim in Colab"
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        "[NeqSim (Non-Equilibrium Simulator)](https://equinor.github.io/neqsimhome/) is a library for calculation of fluid properties and process simulation. Colaboratory (Colab) is a free Jupyter notebook environment that requires no setup and runs entirely in the cloud. In the notebooks listed in this page you will find examples of typical gas processing calculations using NeqSim in Colab, and will serve both as introduction to natural gas processing and to interactive use of NeqSim in a Python based notebook. The notebooks serves as a theoretical introduction and as a simulation tool for many processes found in the gas industry.\n",
        "\n",
        "---\n",
        "\n",
        "This module gives an interactive intruduction to gas processing using NeqSim and Colaboratory. The notebooks use the NeqSim package in Python and calculations are run directly from the web browser (by selecting Runtime and Run all in the main menu). The user will need to log on using their google account. To learn more about Colab see the [Welcome To Colaboratory page](https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/welcome.ipynb).\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "---\n",
        "\n",
        "***Learn to use NeqSim in Colab and contribute with new material***\n",
        "\n",
        "Users are welcome to contribute with their own NeqSim Colab pages. [This template](template.ipynb) can be used as a basis for a new notebook. An introduction to how to use Neqsim in Colab is given in [this page](howtouseneqsim.ipynb). A Python script as basis for a notebook can be seen and modified by right clicking a form and trigger show code. All Colab notebooks are stored in an open [GitHub repository](https://github.com/EvenSol/NeqSim-Colab).\n",
        "\n",
        "---\n",
        "**Comments and request for new content**\n",
        "\n",
        "Please use the [discussion forum](https://github.com/EvenSol/NeqSim-Colab/discussions) to comment and discuss the topics covered in this tool. Users can request new content or suggest improvements by [reporting an issue](https://github.com/EvenSol/NeqSim-Colab/issues)."
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        "# Table of Contents\n",
        "\n",
        "## Fundamentals of NeqSim\n",
        "* [How to create a fluid in NeqSim](PVT/readEclipseFormat.ipynb)\n",
        "* [How to read properties from a fluid](thermodynamics/readproperties.ipynb)\n",
        "* [How to work with the NeqSim parameter database](PVT/parameter_database.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Compare to experimental data and parameter fitting](PVT/parameter_database2.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Natural Gas Statistics\n",
        "* [Natural gas and the World Energy Outlook](gasvaluechain/energystatistics.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Use of natural gas (history, present and future)](gasvaluechain/useOfNaturalGas.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Natural Gas in the Energy Transition (2021-2050)](gasvaluechain/EneregyTransition.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "## Thermodynamics\n",
        "* [The laws of thermodynamics](thermodynamics/LawsOfThermodynamics.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Energy balance for closed and open systems](thermodynamics/EnergyBalance.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Equations of State](thermodynamics/EquationsOfState.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Phase equilibrium](thermodynamics/PhaseEquilibrium.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Flash Calculations and Rachford-Rice](thermodynamics/RachRice.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Thermodynamic property charts](thermodynamics/ThermoPropertyCharts.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Physical porperty charts](thermodynamics/physiclaPropertyChart.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Thermodynamc Cycles](thermodynamics/ThermodynamicCycles.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Exergy analysis](thermodynamics/ExergyAnalysis.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Chemical Equilibrium](thermodynamics/ChemicalEquilibrium.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Fluid mechanics\n",
        "* [Fluid mechanics](fluidflow/FluidMechanics.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Single phase pipe flow](fluidflow/singlephaseflow.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Multi phase pipe flow](fluidflow/multiphaseflow.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Heat and mass transfer\n",
        "* [Non-equilibrium thermodynamics](thermodynamics/Nonequilibriumthermodynamics.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Heat transfer](thermodynamics/heatTransfer.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Mass transfer](thermodynamics/massTransfer.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Thermodynamics of gas processing\n",
        "* [PVT/density of gases](thermodynamics/density_of_gas.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Phase envelopes of oil and gas](thermodynamics/Phase_envelopes_of_oil_and_gas.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Solubility of gases in water](thermodynamics/solubility_of_gases_in_water.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Freezing point in LNG](thermodynamics/freezing_in_LNG.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Phase behaviour of CO2](thermodynamics/PhaseBEhaviourCO2.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Mercury in natural gas](thermodynamics/mercury_in_gas.ipynb)\n",
        "* [H2S distribution in oil and gas processing](thermodynamics/H2Sdistribution.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "## Thermodynamic and Physical Properties\n",
        "* [Thermodynamic properties](howtouseneqsim.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Viscosty of fluids](thermodynamics/ViscosityOfFluids.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Thermal conductivity of fluids](thermodynamics/ThermalConductivityOfFluids.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Interfacial tension](thermodynamics/interfacialtension.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Interface adsorption](thermodynamics/Interfacialadsorption.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Diffusion coefficient](thermodynamics/diffusioncoefficients.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Characterization of reservoir fluids\n",
        "* [PVT of reservoir fluids](PVT/OilProperties.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Characterization of a well fluid](PVT/fluidcharacterization.ipynb)\n",
        "* [PVT experiments](PVT/PVTexperiments.ipynb)\n",
        "* [PVT reports and fluid characterisation](PVT/PVTreports.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Black oil vs. computational simulation](PVT/blackoilvscomp.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Characterization using Eclipse PVT input, filed data and NeqSim simulations](PVT/eclipseFluidCharNeqSim.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Reservoir simulations\n",
        "* [Introduction to reservoir simulations](reservoir/reservoirsimulation.ipynb)\n",
        "* [A simplified reservoir simulation model](reservoir/simplereservoir.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Composition gradient in a gas reservoir](reservoir/compositiongrad.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Wells\n",
        "* [Introductin to oil and gas wells](well/wellcalcs.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Simulation of flow in wells](well/wellcalcs.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Production technnology\n",
        "* Production technology\n",
        "* Well chemistry and water management\n",
        "\n",
        "## Subsea facilities\n",
        "* [Introduction to subsea facilities](subseaequipment/subseaequipment.ipynb)\n",
        "* Simulation of subsea processes\n",
        "* Multi phase flow of reservoir fluids\n",
        "\n",
        "## Unit Operations\n",
        "* [Separators](process/Separators.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Heat Exchangers](process/heatexchangerDescription.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Compressors and expanders](process/GasCompressors.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Pumps](process/pumps.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Valves](process/valves.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Manifolds and pipes](process/manifoldsandpipes.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Absoprtion](process/absorption.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Adsorption](process/adsorption.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Distillation](process/distillationoilgas.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Mass transfer unit operations](process/masstransferMeOH.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Process simulation\n",
        "* [Simulation of an oil stabilization process](process/Simulationofanoilstabilizationprocess.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Simulation of a TEG dehydration process](process/simulationTEG.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Reporting simulation results and report using field/SI units](process/processreportsandunits.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Dynamic process simulations\n",
        "* [Simulations of dynamic operation of a separator](process/dynamicsimul.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Dynamic simulation of compression processes](process/dynamiccompressor.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Gas processing design\n",
        "* [Design of a gas-liquid separator](process/gas_oil_separation.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Design of a TEG-dehydration process](process/TEGdehydration.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Design of a shell and tube heat exchanger](process/heatexchanger.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Calculation of a top side process](process/topsideprocess.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Calculation of a NGL-extraction process](process/NGLextractionprocess.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Calculation of a Gas compression Train](process/GasCompressorTrain.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Automated process design in NeqSim](process/automatedprocessdesign.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Engineering calculations using the Python Fluids package](https://fluids.readthedocs.io/)\n",
        "* [Engineering calculations using the Python heat transfer package](https://ht.readthedocs.io/)\n",
        "* [Calculation of flow in fittings, valves, orifice plates etc.](process/fluidsandneqsim.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Downstream processing\n",
        "* [Oil refineries](process/oilrefineries.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Refrigeration and heat pumps\n",
        "* Air and water cooling\n",
        "* [Mechanical cooling process](process/MechanicalCooling.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Heat pumps](process/heatpumps.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## LNG (liquified natural gas)\n",
        "* LNG liquefaction processes\n",
        "* [Ship transport and LNG (LNG ageing)](process/lngageing.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Hydrogen\n",
        "* [Thermodynamic and physical properties of hydrogen](thermodynamics/ThermodynamicsOfHydrogen.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Production of hydrogen](thermodynamics/productionOfHydrogen.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Transport of hydrogen](hydrogen/transportOfHydrogen.ipynb)\n",
        "* Liquefaction of hydrogen\n",
        "\n",
        "## Ammonia\n",
        "* Thermodynamics of ammonia\n",
        "* Physical properties of ammonia\n",
        "* Production of ammonia\n",
        "* Ammonia as a refregerant\n",
        "* Power production from ammonia\n",
        "\n",
        "## Process safety\n",
        "* Simulation of process blow down\n",
        "\n",
        "## Power production\n",
        "* [Gas fired power plants](power/Gas_fired_power_plants.ipynb)\n",
        "* Combined cycle process\n",
        "\n",
        "## CO2 removal and handling\n",
        "* [Thermodynamic and physical properties of CO2](thermodynamics/ThermodynamicandphysicalpropertiesofCO2.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Phase envelopes and phase behaviour of CO2 rich mixtures](thermodynamics/phaseenvelopesofCO2richmixtures.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Thermodynamics of CO2 rich gases and water](thermodynamics/CO2richandwater.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Solubility of CO2 alkanolamines](thermodynamics/CO2alkonolamines.ipynb)\n",
        "* CO2 removal from natural gas\n",
        "* CO2 removal from gas fired power plants\n",
        "* [CO2 recompression systems](process/CO2_compression.ipynb)\n",
        "* CO2 dehydration\n",
        "* CO2 depressurization\n",
        "* [CO2 injection pipelines](fluidflow/CO2pipeline.ipynb)\n",
        "* CO2 value chain\n",
        "\n",
        "## Gas and oil transport\n",
        "* [Design of a gas pipeline](fluidflow/gaspipeline.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Design of a multi-phase pipeline](fluidflow/twophasepipeline.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Flexible pipes and risers](fluidflow/flixiblepipes.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Flow assurance\n",
        "* [Thermodynamics of natural gas hydrates](thermodynamics/thermodynamics_of_natural_gas_hydrates.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Thermodynamics of wax formation in reservoir fluids](thermodynamics/thermodynamicsOfWax.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Thermodynamics of mineral scale formation](thermodynamics/ThermodynamicsOfMineralScale.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Generation of property tables to OLGA/Ledaflow](thermodynamics/PVTtableGeneration.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Top of line condensation](process/topoflinecondensation.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Oil and Gas metering and analysis\n",
        "* [Multi phase measurments](process/MultiphaseflowMeasurement.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Allocation of production](process/allocationoilandgas2.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Gas and Oil specifications\n",
        "* [Calorific value of natural gas (ISO6976)](gasquality/CalorificValueNaturalGas.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Oil specifications](gasquality/oilqualityspecifications.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Hydrocarbon dew point](gasquality/hydrocarbon_dew_point_of_natural_gas.ipynb)\n",
        "* Oil vapour pressure (TVP/RVP)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Process simulation using NeqSim\n",
        "* [Simulation of oil stabilization](https://colab.research.google.com/github/equinor/neqsimprocess/blob/master/example/oilstabilizationprocess.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Produced water treatment](process/producedwatertreatment.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Simulation of TEG dehydration process](https://colab.research.google.com/github/equinor/neqsimprocess/blob/master/example/TEGprocessHX.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Simulation of MEG hydrate inhibition and regeneration](process/MEGwaterprocess.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Exergy analysis of oil and gas processes](process/exergyanalysisofoilprocess.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Calculation of size and weight of the process](process/weightofoilprocess.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Integrating reservoir and process simulations](reservoir/reservoirandprocess.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Optimization of a field producing from both gas and oil reservoir](reservoir/optimizationofoilandgasproduction.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Process flow diagrams](process/process_flow_diagram.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## NeqSim PVT and Process Simulation API\n",
        "* [How to create an API using NeqSim and Python](https://github.com/EvenSol/NeqSim-Colab/tree/master/API/python)\n",
        "* [How to create an API using NeqSim and Java](https://github.com/EvenSol/NeqSim-Colab/tree/master/API/java)\n",
        "* [NeqSim PVT API](API/NeqSimPVTAPI.ipynb)\n",
        "* [NeqSim Process API](API/NeqSimProcessAPI.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Online process simulation\n",
        "* [Connecting process simulation to plant data](process/onlineprocesssimulation.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Implementing effective online process simulations](process/online_process_simulation_demo1.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Process plant operation\n",
        "* [Weather, climate and process operation](process/weatherandprocess.ipynb)\n",
        "* Condition based monitoring\n",
        "* Condition based monitoring of heat exchangers\n",
        "\n",
        "## Materials in gas processing\n",
        "* Material selection in gas processing\n",
        "* [Corrosion and inhibition](material/corrosionandthermo.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Elemental sulfur (S8) in natural gas processing](material/elemental_sulfur.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Emissions\n",
        "* [CO2 emissions (scope 1, 2 and 3)](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1Iwja5bKiP-fC2tS9O97-06j5XhqE0lJK#scrollTo=TgILfzXSzDAP)\n",
        "* [Hydrocarbon emissions from processing and transport](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1FoSX3PSaV3zh7bGURh1crD9kJF2DP6OP#scrollTo=B4UtyH4f19HG)\n",
        "* [Chemicals consumption (glycols/etc)](process/cemicalsconsumption.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Calculation of CO2 emissions in the gas value chain](emissions/CO2emsissionsinthevaluechain.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "##Pipeline network optimization\n",
        "* [Dry gas pipeline optimization](process/PipeNetworkOptim.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Multiphase network modeling and optimization](process/MultiphaseOptim.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "## Machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) in gas processing simulation\n",
        "* Use of Languge Models and NeqSim\n",
        "* Machine learning and PVT\n",
        "* [Machine learning and process simulation](process/Machine_learning_and_process_simulation.ipynb)\n",
        "* [AI in gas processing simulation and design](process/AIgasprocessing.ipynb)\n",
        "* [ML for synthetic data generation for process digital twins](process/syntheticdatageneration.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Inovative technologies combining AI technologies and NeqSim\n",
        "* Real-Time process monitoring for operational safety and compliance.\n",
        "* Predictive maintenance\n",
        "* Optimization of process parameters to maximize efficiency and production\n",
        "* Anomaly detection to detect unusual patterns or deviations in process data\n",
        "* Integration of different data sources to analyze data from different sources (sensor data, simulation data, weather data and external environmental data) to provide a more holistic understanding of processes\n",
        "* Digital twins used to simulate and optimize processes in a virtual setting before implementation in the real world\n",
        "* Self-adjusting control systems that adjust themselves based on continuous feedback and changes in process data\n",
        "* Predicting oil spills or gas leaks for environmental monitoring\n",
        "* Virtual measurements in oprocess plants using neqsim and AI technologies\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "## Statistics\n",
        "* [Statistical Sites on the World Wide Web](statistics/WorldStats.ipynb)\n",
        "* [World petroleum production](statistics/worldOilandGasProduction.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Oil and Gas Price Statistics and Analysis](statistics/OilandGasPriceStatistics.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Production from Norwegian Continental Shelf](statistics/ProductionfromNorwegianContinentalShelf.ipynb)\n",
        "* [CO2 emissions from oil and gas production](statistics/CO2emissionsNorwegianContinentalShelf.ipynb)\n",
        "* [Statistics of CO2 in atmosphere](statistics/CO2inatm.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Energy System Modelling\n",
        "* [Energy system modelling](https://oemof.org/)\n",
        "* [Thermal Engineering Systems](https://tespy.readthedocs.io/en/main/index.html)\n",
        "* [A Sector-Coupled Open Optimisation Model of the European Energy System](https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)\n",
        "* [Examples of NeqSim in Energy System Modelling](energyopt/ThermalEnergyAndNeqSim.ipynb#scrollTo=C7-qUy51VbFs)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Economic analysis\n",
        "* [Economic analysis](fielddevelopment/economy.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Field development\n",
        "* Process design basis\n",
        "* Proces design in a field development scenario\n",
        "* [Calculating NPV of a field developement case](fielddevelopment/npv.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Field developement case studies\n",
        "* [Field development case 1 (combined oil and gas field)](reservoir/fieldDevelopment1.ipynb#scrollTo=mMcanu2TrSbN)\n",
        "* Field development case 2 (rich gas and power from shore case)\n",
        "* Field development case 3 (sales gas and power from shore)\n",
        "* Field development case 4 (hydrogen production with power from shore/wind)\n",
        "* Offshore field and onshore NGL process\n",
        "\n",
        "## Standards\n",
        "* Energy Institute - Guideline for Flow Induced Vibrations (FIV) control in Production\n",
        "* [NORSOK P-001 - Technical Safety](standards/technicalsafetyP0001.ipynb)\n",
        "* [NORSOK P-002 - Process system design](standards/norsokP0002.ipynb)\n",
        "* NORSOK I-106, Fiscal metering systems for hydrocarbon liquid and gas,\n",
        "* (ISO 13703 - Design and installation of piping systems on offshore production platforms\n",
        "* [API STANDARD 521 Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems](standards/API521_thermal_expansion.ipynb)\n",
        "\n",
        "## Development of Process Digital Twins\n",
        "* [Oil Process](process/oilgasprocess1.ipynb)\n",
        "* Monitoring of Cricondenbar of Natural Gas\n",
        "* Monitoring of TEG dehdydration processes\n",
        "\n",
        "## Excercise\n",
        "* Excercise 1 - [Phase behaviour of reservoir fluids](excercise/Excercise_Phase_Behaviour_of_Reservoir_Fluids%20(1).ipynb)\n",
        "* Excercise 2 - [Design of a gas-oil separation process](excercise/Design_of_a_separation_process_in_HYSYS.ipynb)\n",
        "* Excercise 3 - [Design of a TEG dehydration process](excercise/Design_of_a_TEG_dehydration_process.ipynb)\n",
        "* Excercise 4 - [Calculation of phase envelopes of export gas](excercise/calculationofphaseenvelopes.ipynb)\n",
        "* Excercise 5 - [Gas processing and the gas value chain](gasvaluechain/GasProcessingChain.ipynb)\n"
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