-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Using Model in Django.html
419 lines (299 loc) · 29.3 KB
/
Using Model in Django.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
<title>Using Model in Django</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<link href="Using%20Model%20in%20Django_files/style.css" media="all" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">#yddContainer{display:block;font-family:Microsoft YaHei;position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;top:-4px;left:-4px;font-size:12px;border:1px solid}#yddTop{display:block;height:22px}#yddTopBorderlr{display:block;position:static;height:17px;padding:2px 28px;line-height:17px;font-size:12px;color:#5079bb;font-weight:bold;border-style:none solid;border-width:1px}#yddTopBorderlr .ydd-sp{position:absolute;top:2px;height:0;overflow:hidden}.ydd-icon{left:5px;width:17px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding-top:17px;background-position:-16px -44px}.ydd-close{right:5px;width:16px;padding-top:16px;background-position:left -44px}#yddKeyTitle{float:left;text-decoration:none}#yddMiddle{display:block;margin-bottom:10px}.ydd-tabs{display:block;margin:5px 0;padding:0 5px;height:18px;border-bottom:1px solid}.ydd-tab{display:block;float:left;height:18px;margin:0 5px -1px 0;padding:0 4px;line-height:18px;border:1px solid;border-bottom:none}.ydd-trans-container{display:block;line-height:160%}.ydd-trans-container a{text-decoration:none;}#yddBottom{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:22px;line-height:22px;overflow:hidden;background-position:left -22px}.ydd-padding010{padding:0 10px}#yddWrapper{color:#252525;z-index:10001;background:url(chrome-extension://eopjamdnofihpioajgfdikhhbobonhbb/ab20.png);}#yddContainer{background:#fff;border-color:#4b7598}#yddTopBorderlr{border-color:#f0f8fc}#yddWrapper .ydd-sp{background-image:url(chrome-extension://eopjamdnofihpioajgfdikhhbobonhbb/ydd-sprite.png)}#yddWrapper a,#yddWrapper a:hover,#yddWrapper a:visited{color:#50799b}#yddWrapper .ydd-tabs{color:#959595}.ydd-tabs,.ydd-tab{background:#fff;border-color:#d5e7f3}#yddBottom{color:#363636}#yddWrapper{min-width:250px;max-width:400px;}</style>
<script src="Using%20Model%20in%20Django_files/a.js" async="" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="Using%20Model%20in%20Django_files/analytics.js" async=""></script><script src="Using%20Model%20in%20Django_files/embed.js" async="" type="text/javascript"></script></head>
<body>
<header>
<section class="logo">
<h1><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/">WebDev Course</a></h1>
<h2 class="subheader">by Tyrone Cheung</h2>
</section>
<nav id="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/about">ReadMe</a></li>
<li><a href="http://webdemo.zhangty.me/">Project Demo</a></li>
<li><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/project_code">Download Project</a></li>
<li><a href="http://eepurl.com/_YOyb">Subscribe update</a></li>
<li><a href="mailto:firstprayer.zhang@gmail.com">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="container">
<div class="content">
<article>
<h1>Using Model in Django</h1>
<h5>Last modified: 12-23-2014</h5>
<p>Here we’ll learn how to <strong>define</strong> and <strong>use</strong> Model in Django. </p>
<h4 id="model-definition">1. Model definition</h4>
<p>Let’s see the following example:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unique</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">password</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">description</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">512</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">null</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">role</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SmallIntegerField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">deleted</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BooleanField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Article</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">author</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'User'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TextField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">time_create</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateTimeField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">time_update</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateTimeField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">auto_now</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SmallIntegerField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">deleted</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BooleanField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Each class corresponds to a table in the database. <code>username</code>, <code>email</code>
and other fields are columns in the table. Django provides many
built-in fields such as integer, string(CharField or Text), datetime,
etc, and they’re sufficient for developers’ need at most of the time. </p>
<p>That’s basically how to define the models, now let’s see how to use them. </p>
<h4 id="model-usage">2. Model usage</h4>
<p>There’re basically 4 different types of operations:</p>
<p>1.Insert</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">new_user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>or </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">new_user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">new_user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre></div>
<p>2.Query(Search)</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="c"># Find a list of users</span>
<span class="n">users</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">role</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">deleted</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># Find one unique row. When there's no matching row or more</span>
<span class="c"># than one matching rows, an exception will be raise</span>
<span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">deleted</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>And we can read the information like:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">username</span>
<span class="c"># Note that Article.author is a ForeignKey to the User</span>
<span class="c"># So article.author will return the User object</span>
<span class="n">author</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">author</span>
<span class="n">author_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">author</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">username</span></code></pre></div>
<p>3.Update</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>or</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">password</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'...'</span>
<span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre></div>
<p>4.Delete</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">delete</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre></div>
<p>or</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">delete</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre></div>
<h4 id="more-complex-things-relations">3. More complex things: Relations</h4>
<p>Between <em>entities</em> there’re three different relations:</p>
<ol>
<li><em>One-to-One</em>: For example, if EmailAccount is a new entity,
then a User will have one and only one EmailAccount, while an
EmailAccount will be owned by one and only one User. </li>
<li><em>One-to-Many</em>: <em>Author-to-Article</em> is an example. An
author can have no article, one article, or multiple articles; but an
article has one and only one author (at least in our design, which
doesn’t consider co-author situation)</li>
<li><em>Many-to-Many</em>: <em>User-follow-User</em>. A user can
following no user, one user, or many users; on the other hand, a user
can have no follower, one follower or many followers.</li>
</ol>
<p>They can be represented in the database as:</p>
<ol>
<li><em>One-to-One</em>: A <strong>unique, not null foreign key</strong> from A to B or from B to A</li>
<li><em>One-to-Many</em>: A <strong>non-unique, not null foreign key</strong> from B to A</li>
<li><em>Many-to-Many</em>: Define another <em>relationship</em> table. Each row in this table has at least two columns, with one be a <strong>non-unique, not null foreign key</strong> to A and the other be a <strong>non-unique, not null foreign key</strong> to B.</li>
</ol>
<p>In Django, there’re built-in fields to represent these relations(<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/db/examples/">reference</a>):</p>
<ol>
<li><em>One-to-One</em>: Use <code>OneToOneField</code></li>
<li><em>One-to-Many</em>: Use <code>ForeignKey</code></li>
<li><em>Many-to-Many</em>: Use <code>ManyToManyField</code></li>
</ol>
<h4 id="what-else-can-be-done-besides-defining-tables">4. What else can be done besides defining tables?</h4>
<p>Previously in the design phase of Model layer, we only see how to
define tables. This is actually sufficient under many simple cases,
since Django has provided us with nice and neat, easy-to-use interfaces
to manipulate the data. On the other hand, when things get a little more
complicated, we might want to turn some frequently used operations into
a method provided by this layer. Here we’ll show some examples, and
with the same method we can also encapsulate complicated logic inside
the Model layer to make the architecture neater. </p>
<p>For instance, in many different places you need to retrieve all
followers of a user. You should put the code for this inside a function
and call the function no matter where you need it. Here’s how you can
put this in the <em>Model</em> layer in a neat and simple way:</p>
<p>In <code>models.py</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">UserManager</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Manager</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_followers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> :param: user_id, int </span>
<span class="sd"> :return: Users who are following </span>
<span class="sd"> the user with the given id</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="c"># Search in the db</span>
<span class="c"># self.filter(...) is equivalent to </span>
<span class="c"># User.objects.filter(...)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">objects</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">UserManager</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">...</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Here’s how to use it:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">followers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_followers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">log_on_user_id</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Another example:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">created_articles</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">author_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">log_on_user_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">deleted</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">published_articles</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">created_articles</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">STATE_PUBLISHED</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>can be written as:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">created_articles</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_articles_by_author_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">log_on_user_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">published_articles</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">created_articles</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">published</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre></div>
<p>You already know how to make the first line works. Making the second
line works is also simple — all you need to do is to extend the QuerySet
class:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ArticleQuerySet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QuerySet</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">published</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">STATE_PUBLISHED</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ArticleManager</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Manager</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_queryset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ArticleQuerySet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_articles_by_author_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">author_id</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Article</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">objects</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ArticleManager</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="o">...</span></code></pre></div>
</article>
<div id="disqus_thread"><iframe verticalscrolling="no" horizontalscrolling="no" src="Using%20Model%20in%20Django_files/a.html" style="width: 100% ! important; border: medium none ! important; overflow: hidden ! important; height: 624px ! important;" title="Disqus" tabindex="0" scrolling="no" allowtransparency="true" data-disqus-uid="2" id="dsq-2" frameborder="0" width="100%"></iframe></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/* * * CONFIGURATION VARIABLES: EDIT BEFORE PASTING INTO YOUR WEBPAGE * * */
var disqus_shortname = 'webcoursify'; // required: replace example with your forum shortname
/* * * DON'T EDIT BELOW THIS LINE * * */
(function() {
var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true;
dsq.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js';
(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq);
})();
</script>
<noscript>Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="http://disqus.com/?ref_noscript">comments powered by Disqus.</a></noscript>
</div>
</div>
<aside class="sidebar">
<section class="module">
<h2 style="margin-left: 24px;">FullStack Web Development</h2>
<ul class="lesson-list chapter-list">
<li data-url="/content/0-Preface.html">
<a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/0-Preface.html">
<span class="lesson-title">1 - Preface</span>
</a>
</li>
<li data-url="/content/1-DjangoBasic">
<a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/1-DjangoBasic">
<span class="lesson-title">2 - Django Basic</span>
</a>
<ul class="section-list">
<li data-url="/content/1-DjangoBasic/1-ClientServer.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/1-DjangoBasic/1-ClientServer.html">1 - Client-Server Model and MVC Design Pattern</a></li>
<li data-url="/content/1-DjangoBasic/2-DjangoMVC.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/1-DjangoBasic/2-DjangoMVC.html">2 - Django's MVC</a></li>
<li data-url="/content/1-DjangoBasic/3-Assignment.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/1-DjangoBasic/3-Assignment.html">3 - Assignment-Django Basic</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-url="/content/2-MVC-Controller">
<a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/2-MVC-Controller">
<span class="lesson-title">3 - Intro to Django's Controller</span>
</a>
<ul class="section-list">
<li data-url="/content/2-MVC-Controller/1-DjangoReqRes.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/2-MVC-Controller/1-DjangoReqRes.html">1 - Django's HttpRequest, HttpResponse, and Url dispatching</a></li>
<li data-url="/content/2-MVC-Controller/2-Assignment.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/2-MVC-Controller/2-Assignment.html">2 - Assignment for Implementing Controller</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="active" data-url="/content/3-MVC-Model">
<a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/3-MVC-Model">
<span class="lesson-title">4 - Model Layer in Django</span>
</a>
<ul class="section-list">
<li class="active" data-url="/content/3-MVC-Model/1-DjangoModel.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/3-MVC-Model/1-DjangoModel.html">1 - Using Model in Django</a></li>
<li data-url="/content/3-MVC-Model/2-FurtherDiscussion.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/3-MVC-Model/2-FurtherDiscussion.html">2 - Further discussion with regard to Model</a></li>
<li data-url="/content/3-MVC-Model/3-Assignment.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/3-MVC-Model/3-Assignment.html">3 - Assignments for Model</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-url="/content/4-MVC-View">
<a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/4-MVC-View">
<span class="lesson-title">5 - The View-User Interaction</span>
</a>
<ul class="section-list">
<li data-url="/content/4-MVC-View/2-DjangoTemplate.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/4-MVC-View/2-DjangoTemplate.html">1 - Template in Django</a></li>
<li data-url="/content/4-MVC-View/3-FormAjax.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/4-MVC-View/3-FormAjax.html">2 - Form, Ajax</a></li>
<li data-url="/content/4-MVC-View/4-RichEditor.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/4-MVC-View/4-RichEditor.html">3 - Using Rich Text Editor with Ajax</a></li>
<li data-url="/content/4-MVC-View/5-Assignment.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/4-MVC-View/5-Assignment.html">4 - Assignments for View</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-url="/content/5-Topic-User.html">
<a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/5-Topic-User.html">
<span class="lesson-title">6 - User Management in WebApp</span>
</a>
</li>
<li data-url="/content/6-ProjectSpecification.html">
<a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/6-ProjectSpecification.html">
<span class="lesson-title">7 - Capstone Project Specification</span>
</a>
</li>
<li data-url="/content/99-ExtraMaterials">
<a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/99-ExtraMaterials">
<span class="lesson-title">8 - Extra Tutorials</span>
</a>
<ul class="section-list">
<li data-url="/content/99-ExtraMaterials/1-IntroToGit.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/99-ExtraMaterials/1-IntroToGit.html">1 - Introduction to Git</a></li>
<li data-url="/content/99-ExtraMaterials/2-Deployment.html"><a href="http://webcoursify.github.io/content/99-ExtraMaterials/2-Deployment.html">2 - Deployment</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<footer>
Copyright 2015 Tyrone Cheung
</footer>
<footer>
<p>
<b>This course has been finished just recently, and there're a
lot of improvements pending. If you like it, or think it's useful, or
start to go through the course content, please <a href="mailto:zhangty10@gmail.com">shoot me an email</a> to let me know. Thanks!</b>
</p>
</footer>
</aside>
<!-- Bootstrap core JavaScript-->
<!-- <script src="/js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/hc.js"></script> -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="Using%20Model%20in%20Django_files/jquery-2.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="" src="Using%20Model%20in%20Django_files/saved_resource.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="" src="Using%20Model%20in%20Django_files/inpage_linkid.js" id="undefined"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="" src="Using%20Model%20in%20Django_files/library.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/* <![CDATA[ */
(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l=document.getElementsByTagName("a"),t=document.createElement("textarea");for(i=0;l.length-i;i++){try{a=l[i].getAttribute("href");if(a&&a.indexOf("/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection") > -1 && (a.length > 28)){s='';j=27+ 1 + a.indexOf("/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection");if (a.length > j) {r=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16);for(j+=2;a.length>j&&a.substr(j,1)!='X';j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}j+=1;s+=a.substr(j,a.length-j);}t.innerHTML=s.replace(/</g,"<").replace(/>/g,">");l[i].setAttribute("href","mailto:"+t.value);}}catch(e){}}}catch(e){}})();
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-57962734-1', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var getLocation = function(href) {
var l = document.createElement("a");
l.href = href;
return l;
};
var pathname = getLocation(window.location.href).pathname;
if(pathname[pathname.length - 1] == '/')
pathname = pathname.substring(0, pathname.length - 1);
function setActive(){
var $this = $(this);
if($this.data('url') && pathname.indexOf($this.data('url')) == 0){
$(this).addClass('active');
}
}
$('ul.chapter-list li')
.each(setActive);
$('ul.section-list li')
.each(setActive);
</script>
</body></html>