Selenium+Chrome模拟登录

[Qingquan-Li]

开发环境

• macOS 10.12.6

• Python 3.5.5 | packaged by conda-forge

• Selenium：conda install selenium 参考：https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/installation.html
  这里使用 conda update selenium更新至selenium3.14.1

• ChromeDriver 77.0.3865.40（Chrome版本77.0.3865.90 。注意：下载的驱动 ChromeDriver 的版本要对应 Chrome 的版本）
  Selenium 操作 Chrome 浏览器需要下载 ChromeDriver 驱动来协助：ChromeDriver - WebDriver for Chrome: https://chromedriver.chromium.org/ --> new ChromeDriver site: https://sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/
  ChromeDriver 环境变量配置：https://python3webspider.cuiqingcai.com/1.2-qing-qiu-ku-de-an-zhuang#5-huan-jing-bian-liang-pei-zhi 。可以不配置，而是在代码中通过 driver = webdriver.Chrome('<Path to ChromeDriver>') 指定 ChromeDriver 的位置。

一、Selenium直接操作Chrome浏览器

直接调起 Chrome 浏览器执行自动化操作（不是操作无头的Chrome）。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
import time

# 调用环境变量指定的ChromeDriver创建浏览器对象。这里因为没有在环境变量配置指定ChromeDriver，需指定ChromeDriver位置。
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='/Users/fatli/python/chromedriver')  # 绝对路径
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')  # 相对路径

try:
    driver.get('<login_url>')
except TimeoutException:
    print('访问登录页面超时')

username_field = driver.find_element_by_id('username')
password_field = driver.find_element_by_id('password')
# submit_button = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('button')
submit_button = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('button.ng-binding')

# 清空输入框(二次登录时该页面会记住用户名，如果不清除，则会在记住的用户名后追加用户名)
username_field.clear()

username_field.send_keys('<username>')
password_field.send_keys('<password>')
submit_button.click()
time.sleep(5)
# driver.close() # Closes the current window.
driver.quit() # Quits the driver and closes every associated window.

二、Selenium操作headless-chrome

关于无头Chrome：https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException
import time

# 操作无头chrome浏览器
# from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
# chrome_options = Options()
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')  # 启动无头模式
# 调用环境变量指定的ChromeDriver创建浏览器对象。这里因为没有在环境变量配置指定ChromeDriver，需指定chromedriver位置。
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path='./chromedriver')

try:
    driver.get('<login_url>')
    # 截屏（登录前）
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file('./01before_login.png')
except TimeoutException:
    print('访问登录页面超时')

try:
    username_field = driver.find_element_by_id('username')
    password_field = driver.find_element_by_id('password')
    # submit_button = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('button')
    submit_button = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('button.ng-binding')
except NoSuchElementException:
    print('No Such Element: 登录表单的某些元素')

# 清空输入框(二次登录时该页面会记住用户名，如果不清除，则会在记住的用户名后追加用户名)
username_field.clear()

username_field.send_keys('<username>')
password_field.send_keys('<password>')
# 截屏（登录中）
driver.get_screenshot_as_file('./02logging_in.png')
# 点击提交登录按钮失败：“Element is not interactable”，参考：
# stackoverflow.com/questions/52859981/selenium-generating-error-element-is-not-interactable
submit_button.click()

try:
    # WebDriverWait和expected_conditions两个模块组合起来构成Selenium的显式等待
    # github.com/FatliTalk/blog/issues/125
    element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'visit-list-talbe'))
    )
except Exception as e:
    print('抛出异常：')
    print(e)
finally:
    # 截屏（登录后）
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file('./03after_login.png')
    print(driver.find_element_by_tag_name('tbody').text)
    # print(driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, 'tbody').text) # 作用同上
    # driver.close() # Closes the current window.
    driver.quit() # Quits the driver and closes every associated window.