10-setup-raspbian.md

Setup Raspbian

Since not every project require a 64 bits architecture, a documentation to properly setup the Raspbian OS is still needed.

The latest Raspbian distribution image can be downloaded here. Such image can then be flashed on the SD card with the Etcher tool :

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Credentials :

• username : pi
• password : raspberry

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1. Initial Configuration

• Access to the configuration panel by using :

$ sudo raspi-config

• Change hostname ;

• Change local & time zone ;

• Enable ssh ;

• Finally, the last required step is to apply updates :

$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y

2. Required Tools

• Install several required packages :

$ sudo apt-get install -y \
    git apache2-utils python python-dev python-pip \
    libffi-dev apt-transport-https ca-certificates \
    build-essential libssl-dev curl gnupg2 \
    software-properties-common

3. Network

3.1. Wi-Fi

• To enable a Wi-Fi connection, first edit the following configuration file :

$ sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

• Set the following configuration :

country=CA      # change accordingly to the code for your country.

network={
    ssid=""     # Insert your SSID inside quotes.
    scan_ssid=1 # Set to 1 if the SSID is hidden, 0 otherwise.
    psk=""      # Insert your password inside quotes.
}

• Finally, reconfigure the wireless interface with :

$ sudo wpa_cli -i wlan0 reconfigure

3.2. Static IP

• To setup a static IP address, first edit the following configuration file :

$ sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

• Add the following lines to the end of the file :

interface <eth0|wlan0>
static ip_address=<your_@IP_here>/<mask>
static routers=<@IP_of_the_router>
static domain_name_servers=<@IP_of_the_router>

• Finally, restart the service :

 $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

3.3. Disabling IPv6

• To disable IPv6 on every network interfaces, first edit the following configuration file :

$ sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

• Add the following line to the end of the file :

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1

• Apply changes :

$ sudo sysctl -p

4. Users

4.1. Create New Users

• In order to create new users, you first need to switch from current user account to the root one :

$ sudo -i

• Create the user and add it to few groups :

adduser <new_username>

usermod <new_username> -aG adm,dialout,cdrom,sudo,audio,\
    video,plugdev,games,users,input,netdev,spi,i2c,gpio

4.2. Remove the Default User

• From a sudoer user, run the following command :

$ sudo userdel -rf <username>

4.3. Edit root User Password

• Switch from current user account to the root one :

$ sudo -i

• Execute the following command and enter the new password :

passwd

5. Swap

5.1. Increase Swap Size

• In order to increase swap size, first edit the following configuration file :

$ sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile

• Uncomment and edit the following line as follows :

This example illustrate a 1024 Mo swap size.

## From :
# CONF_SWAPSIZE=100

## To :
CONF_SWAPSIZE=1024

• Restart the service :

$ sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile stop
$ sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile start

• Verify your changes :

$ free -m

5.2. Disable Swap

• To completely disable swap, execute the following commands :

$ sudo dphys-swapfile swapoff
$ sudo dphys-swapfile uninstall
$ sudo update-rc.d dphys-swapfile remove

6. Bluetooth

• To either enable, or disable the built-in Bluetooth of the Raspberry Pi, edit the following configuration file :

$ sudo nano /boot/config.txt

• Add the following lines to the end of the file :

# Comment the line if you want to keep Bluetooth enabled.
dtoverlay=pi3-disable-bt

Changes will be effective after reboot.

7. Optimization

7.1. Overclocking

Overclocking a Raspberry Pi board can cause hardware damages. Do it at your own risk.

• To overclock the Raspberry Pi, edit the following configuration file :

$ sudo nano /boot/config.txt

• If you are running Raspbian without a GUI set the following configuration :

gpu_mem=16
arm_freq=1350
over_voltage=4
sdram_freq=500
core_freq=500
disable_splash=1

• If you are running Raspbian with a GUI set the following configuration :

gpu_mem=400
arm_freq=1350
over_voltage=5
sdram_freq=500
core_freq=500
gpu_freq=400

Changes will be effective after reboot.

7.2. ZRAM Optimization

In order to optimize ZRAM, you MUST have first disabled the swap. ZRAM optimization is particularly usefull when running a GUI.

• Download the script :

$ sudo curl -L https://bit.ly/2ZlWQdg \
    -o /usr/bin/zram.sh

• Make it executable :

$ sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/zram.sh

• Then, you need to make the script run automatically after boot by editing file :

$ sudo nano /etc/rc.local

• Insert the following command before exit 0 :

/usr/bin/zram.sh &

8. Docker

8.1. Install Docker Engine

• To install the docker engine on Raspbian, you need to execute the installation command as follows :

$ curl -sSL get.docker.com | sh

• Add the current user to the docker group :

$ sudo usermod <username> -aG docker

• Create the dockergroup :

$ newgrp docker

8.2. Install docker-compose

• To install docker-compose, you need to update possibly out of date setuptools package :

$ sudo pip install --upgrade setuptools

• Then, docker-compose through pip :

$ sudo pip install docker-compose