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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Source of the Rust file `/home/runner/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/rand_distr-0.3.0/src/pareto.rs`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang"><title>pareto.rs - source</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../light.css" id="themeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../dark.css" disabled ><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../ayu.css" disabled ><script id="default-settings"></script><script src="../../storage.js"></script><script src="../../crates.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../noscript.css"></noscript><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.rust-lang.org/favicon.ico"><style type="text/css">#crate-search{background-image:url("../../down-arrow.svg");}</style></head><body class="rustdoc source"><!--[if lte IE 8]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-menu" role="button">☰</div><a href='../../rand_distr/index.html'><div class='logo-container'><img src='https://www.rust-lang.org/logos/rust-logo-128x128-blk.png' alt='logo'></div></a></nav><div class="theme-picker"><button id="theme-picker" aria-label="Pick another theme!" aria-haspopup="menu"><img src="../../brush.svg" width="18" height="18" alt="Pick another theme!"></button><div id="theme-choices" role="menu"></div></div><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><div class="search-container"><div><select id="crate-search"><option value="All crates">All crates</option></select><input class="search-input" name="search" disabled autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"></div><button type="button" class="help-button">?</button>
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</pre><div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust ">
<span class="comment">// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.</span>
<span class="comment">//</span>
<span class="comment">// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or</span>
<span class="comment">// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license</span>
<span class="comment">// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your</span>
<span class="comment">// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed</span>
<span class="comment">// except according to those terms.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! The Pareto distribution.</span>
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">num_traits</span>::<span class="ident">Float</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::{<span class="ident">Distribution</span>, <span class="ident">OpenClosed01</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">rand</span>::<span class="ident">Rng</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>;
<span class="doccomment">/// Samples floating-point numbers according to the Pareto distribution</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Example</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use rand::prelude::*;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use rand_distr::Pareto;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let val: f64 = thread_rng().sample(Pareto::new(1., 2.).unwrap());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// println!("{}", val);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">Copy</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">Pareto</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span>
<span class="kw">where</span> <span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">Float</span>, <span class="ident">OpenClosed01</span>: <span class="ident">Distribution</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span>
{
<span class="ident">scale</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>,
<span class="ident">inv_neg_shape</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>,
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Error type returned from `Pareto::new`.</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">Copy</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">enum</span> <span class="ident">Error</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// `scale <= 0` or `nan`.</span>
<span class="ident">ScaleTooSmall</span>,
<span class="doccomment">/// `shape <= 0` or `nan`.</span>
<span class="ident">ShapeTooSmall</span>,
}
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Error</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'_</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="ident">f</span>.<span class="ident">write_str</span>(<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="self">self</span> {
<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">ScaleTooSmall</span> <span class="op">=</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="string">"scale is not positive in Pareto distribution"</span>,
<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">ShapeTooSmall</span> <span class="op">=</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="string">"shape is not positive in Pareto distribution"</span>,
})
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"std"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">error</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Error</span> {}
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Pareto</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span>
<span class="kw">where</span> <span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">Float</span>, <span class="ident">OpenClosed01</span>: <span class="ident">Distribution</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span>
{
<span class="doccomment">/// Construct a new Pareto distribution with given `scale` and `shape`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// In the literature, `scale` is commonly written as x<sub>m</sub> or k and</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `shape` is often written as α.</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="ident">scale</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>, <span class="ident">shape</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>) <span class="op">-</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Pareto</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span>, <span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">zero</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">F</span>::<span class="ident">zero</span>();
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">!</span>(<span class="ident">scale</span> <span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">zero</span>) {
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">ScaleTooSmall</span>);
}
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">!</span>(<span class="ident">shape</span> <span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">zero</span>) {
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">ShapeTooSmall</span>);
}
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">Pareto</span> {
<span class="ident">scale</span>,
<span class="ident">inv_neg_shape</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">1.0</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>() <span class="op">/</span> <span class="ident">shape</span>,
})
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Distribution</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Pareto</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span>
<span class="kw">where</span> <span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">Float</span>, <span class="ident">OpenClosed01</span>: <span class="ident">Distribution</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span>
{
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">sample</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">Rng</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">rng</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">R</span>) <span class="op">-</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">F</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">u</span>: <span class="ident">F</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">OpenClosed01</span>.<span class="ident">sample</span>(<span class="ident">rng</span>);
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">scale</span> <span class="op">*</span> <span class="ident">u</span>.<span class="ident">powf</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inv_neg_shape</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">test</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">tests</span> {
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="kw-2">*</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">should_panic</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">invalid</span>() {
<span class="ident">Pareto</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">0.</span>, <span class="number">0.</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">sample</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">scale</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">1.0</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">shape</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">2.0</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">d</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Pareto</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="ident">scale</span>, <span class="ident">shape</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">rng</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::<span class="ident">test</span>::<span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="kw">_</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">1000</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">d</span>.<span class="ident">sample</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>);
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">></span><span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">scale</span>);
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">value_stability</span>() {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_samples</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">Float</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span>, <span class="ident">D</span>: <span class="ident">Distribution</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span><span class="op">></span>(
<span class="ident">distr</span>: <span class="ident">D</span>, <span class="ident">zero</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>, <span class="ident">expected</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">F</span>],
) {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">rng</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::<span class="ident">test</span>::<span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">213</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="ident">zero</span>; <span class="number">4</span>];
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">x</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> {
<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">x</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">sample</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">distr</span>);
}
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">buf</span>, <span class="ident">expected</span>);
}
<span class="ident">test_samples</span>(<span class="ident">Pareto</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">1.0</span>, <span class="number">1.0</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(), <span class="number">0f32</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span>[
<span class="number">1.0423688</span>, <span class="number">2.1235929</span>, <span class="number">4.132709</span>, <span class="number">1.4679428</span>,
]);
<span class="ident">test_samples</span>(<span class="ident">Pareto</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">2.0</span>, <span class="number">0.5</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(), <span class="number">0f64</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span>[
<span class="number">9.019295276219136</span>,
<span class="number">4.3097126018270595</span>,
<span class="number">6.837815045397157</span>,
<span class="number">105.8826669383772</span>,
]);
}
}
</pre></div>
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