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ERROR: throw
not supported
#11
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I expect this has an identical root cause as #5, though the specific error has come out differently. The same bandaid works – julia> derivative(g, @SVector randn(4))
4-element SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}:
-8.43300310272326
28.03595720287608
-4.489528942268124
-6.965151312812216 As an aside, it's very pleasing that custom array types already work nicely like this; it's not something I had tested up to now. StaticArrays are an interesting case, because for things like this they should be very fast. |
Feel free to close this issue in favor of the old one. This works for me. |
Right now, this code is type stable, but much slower than ForwardDiff (or the analytic gradient): julia> using StaticArrays, BenchmarkTools, ForwardDiff
julia> import Zygote: gradient #always re-precompiles?
[ Info: Precompiling Zygote [e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f]
[ Info: Precompiling IRTools [7869d1d1-7146-5819-86e3-90919afe41df]
julia> const S = (@SMatrix randn(6,4)) |> x -> x' * x;
julia> g(x) = 0.5 * (x' * S * x);
julia> x = @SVector randn(4);
julia> g(x)
12.515760061124144
julia> x' * S
1×4 LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}:
-1.82664 -13.4078 -5.39434 1.61724
julia> gradient(g, x)
([-1.82664, -13.4078, -5.39434, 1.61724],)
julia> ForwardDiff.gradient(g, x)'
1×4 LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}:
-1.82664 -13.4078 -5.39434 1.61724
julia> @benchmark gradient(g, $x)
BenchmarkTools.Trial:
memory estimate: 1.64 KiB
allocs estimate: 22
--------------
minimum time: 1.327 μs (0.00% GC)
median time: 1.374 μs (0.00% GC)
mean time: 2.254 μs (35.01% GC)
maximum time: 5.420 ms (99.91% GC)
--------------
samples: 10000
evals/sample: 10
julia> @benchmark ForwardDiff.gradient(g, $x)
BenchmarkTools.Trial:
memory estimate: 0 bytes
allocs estimate: 0
--------------
minimum time: 47.753 ns (0.00% GC)
median time: 48.698 ns (0.00% GC)
mean time: 48.696 ns (0.00% GC)
maximum time: 70.348 ns (0.00% GC)
--------------
samples: 10000
evals/sample: 988
julia> @benchmark $x' * S
BenchmarkTools.Trial:
memory estimate: 0 bytes
allocs estimate: 0
--------------
minimum time: 4.029 ns (0.00% GC)
median time: 4.034 ns (0.00% GC)
mean time: 4.209 ns (0.00% GC)
maximum time: 18.588 ns (0.00% GC)
--------------
samples: 10000
evals/sample: 1000
julia> @code_warntype gradient(g, x)
Body::Tuple{SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}
32 1 ── %1 = (getfield)(args, 1)::SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4} │
│ %2 = Zygote.nothing::Nothing │╻╷ forward
│ %3 = %new(Zygote.Context, %2)::Zygote.Context ││┃││ _forward
│ %4 = %new(LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}, %1)::LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}
│ %5 = Main.S::SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16} ││││
│ %6 = invoke Zygote._forward(%3::Zygote.Context, Main.:*::typeof(*), %4::LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}, $(QuoteNode([4.22863 0.218509 -1.17347 1.24761; 0.218509 8.47895 2.104 0.21028; -1.17347 2.104 3.31319 -1.31538; 1.24761 0.21028 -1.31538 3.23605]))::SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16}, %1::SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4})::Tuple{Float64,Zygote.J{Tuple{typeof(*),LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},Tuple{typeof(*),LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4},Tuple{},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##165#back2#123")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##121#122")){Tuple{Tuple{Nothing,Nothing},Tuple{}},Zygote.J{Tuple{typeof(Base.afoldl),typeof(*),Float64},Tuple{typeof(Base.afoldl),typeof(*),Float64}}}},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##147#back2#110")){typeof(identity)},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##1014#back2#564")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##1014#back2#564")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16}}}}}}
│ %7 = (Base.getfield)(%6, 1, true)::Float64 ││││╻ getindex
│ %8 = (Base.getfield)(%6, 2, true)::Zygote.J{Tuple{typeof(*),LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},Tuple{typeof(*),LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4},Tuple{},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##165#back2#123")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##121#122")){Tuple{Tuple{Nothing,Nothing},Tuple{}},Zygote.J{Tuple{typeof(Base.afoldl),typeof(*),Float64},Tuple{typeof(Base.afoldl),typeof(*),Float64}}}},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##147#back2#110")){typeof(identity)},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##1014#back2#564")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##1014#back2#564")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16}}}}}
└─── (Base.mul_float)(0.5, %7) │││││╻╷ macro expansion
34 2 ┄─ (Base.mul_float)(1.0, %7) │╻╷╷╷╷╷ #66
│ %11 = (Base.mul_float)(1.0, 0.5)::Float64 ││╻ g
│ %12 = (Base.getfield)(%8, :t)::Tuple{typeof(*),LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4},Tuple{},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##165#back2#123")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##121#122")){Tuple{Tuple{Nothing,Nothing},Tuple{}},Zygote.J{Tuple{typeof(Base.afoldl),typeof(*),Float64},Tuple{typeof(Base.afoldl),typeof(*),Float64}}}},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##147#back2#110")){typeof(identity)},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##1014#back2#564")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}},getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##1014#back2#564")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16}}}}
│ %13 = (Base.getfield)(%12, 8, true)::getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##1014#back2#564")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}}
│ %14 = (Base.getfield)(%12, 9, true)::getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##1014#back2#564")){getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16}}}
│ %15 = π (%11, Float64) │││││╻ #121
│ %16 = (Core.getfield)(%13, Symbol("#1013#back"))::getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}
│ %17 = (Core.getfield)(%16, :b)::SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4} │││││╻ #562
│ (Base.ifelse)(false, 0, 4) ││││││╻╷╷╷╷╷╷╷╷╷╷╷ *
│ %19 = (Base.getfield)(%17, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} │││││││╻╷╷╷ broadcast
│ %20 = (Base.getfield)(%19, 1, false)::Float64 ││││││││╻ broadcast
│ %21 = (Base.mul_float)(%15, %20)::Float64 │││││││││╻ materialize
│ %22 = (Base.getfield)(%17, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} ││││││││││╻ copy
│ %23 = (Base.getfield)(%22, 2, false)::Float64 │││││││││││╻ _broadcast
│ %24 = (Base.mul_float)(%15, %23)::Float64 ││││││││││││╻ macro expansion
│ %25 = (Base.getfield)(%17, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} │││││││││││││╻ getindex
│ %26 = (Base.getfield)(%25, 3, false)::Float64 ││││││││││││││╻ getindex
│ %27 = (Base.mul_float)(%15, %26)::Float64 ││││││││││││││╻ *
│ %28 = (Base.getfield)(%17, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} ││││││││││││││╻ getproperty
│ %29 = (Base.getfield)(%28, 4, false)::Float64 ││││││││││││││╻ getindex
│ %30 = (Base.mul_float)(%15, %29)::Float64 ││││││││││││││╻ *
│ %31 = (StaticArrays.tuple)(%21, %24, %27, %30)::NTuple{4,Float64} │││││││││││││
│ %32 = %new(SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}, %31)::SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}│││││││││││╻ Type
└─── goto #4 │││││││││││││
3 ── $(Expr(:unreachable)) │││││││││││││
4 ┄─ goto #5 │││││││││││
5 ── goto #6 ││││││││││
6 ── goto #7 │││││││││
7 ── %38 = %new(LinearAlgebra.Transpose{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}, %32)::LinearAlgebra.Transpose{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}
└─── goto #8 ││││││││
8 ── goto #9 │││││││
9 ── %41 = (Core.getfield)(%16, :a)::LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}}
│ %42 = (Base.getfield)(%41, :parent)::SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4} │││││││╻ getproperty
│ (Base.ifelse)(false, 0, 4) │││││││╻╷╷╷╷╷╷╷╷╷ broadcast
│ %44 = (Base.getfield)(%42, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} ││││││││╻╷╷╷ materialize
│ %45 = (Base.getfield)(%44, 1, false)::Float64 │││││││││╻ copy
│ %46 = (Base.mul_float)(%45, %15)::Float64 ││││││││││╻ _broadcast
│ %47 = (Base.getfield)(%42, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} │││││││││││╻ macro expansion
│ %48 = (Base.getfield)(%47, 2, false)::Float64 ││││││││││││╻ getindex
│ %49 = (Base.mul_float)(%48, %15)::Float64 ││││││││││││╻ *
│ %50 = (Base.getfield)(%42, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} │││││││││││││╻ getproperty
│ %51 = (Base.getfield)(%50, 3, false)::Float64 │││││││││││││╻ getindex
│ %52 = (Base.mul_float)(%51, %15)::Float64 ││││││││││││╻ *
│ %53 = (Base.getfield)(%42, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} │││││││││││││╻ getproperty
│ %54 = (Base.getfield)(%53, 4, false)::Float64 │││││││││││││╻ getindex
│ %55 = (Base.mul_float)(%54, %15)::Float64 ││││││││││││╻ *
└─── goto #11 ││││││││││││
10 ─ $(Expr(:unreachable)) ││││││││││││
11 ┄ goto #12 ││││││││││
12 ─ goto #13 │││││││││
13 ─ goto #14 ││││││││
14 ─ goto #15 │││││││
15 ─ goto #16 ││││││
16 ─ goto #17 │││││
17 ─ %64 = (Core.getfield)(%14, Symbol("#1013#back"))::getfield(Zygote, Symbol("##562#563")){LinearAlgebra.Adjoint{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16}}
│ %65 = invoke %64(%38::LinearAlgebra.Transpose{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}})::Tuple{LinearAlgebra.Transpose{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}},SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16}}
│ %66 = (getfield)(%65, 1)::LinearAlgebra.Transpose{Float64,SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}} _gradtuple
│ %67 = (getfield)(%65, 2)::SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16} ││││││
└─── goto #18 ││││
18 ─ invoke Zygote.accum_param(%3::Zygote.Context, %5::SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16}, %67::SArray{Tuple{4,4},Float64,2,16})
│ %70 = (Base.getfield)(%66, :parent)::SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4} ││││╻╷╷ #568
│ (Base.ifelse)(false, 0, 4) ││││╻╷╷╷╷╷╷╷╷ materialize
│ (Base.ifelse)(false, 0, 4) │││││╻╷╷╷╷╷ instantiate
│ %73 = (4 === 4)::Bool ││││││╻╷╷╷╷ combine_axes
│ %74 = (Base.and_int)(true, %73)::Bool │││││││╻ broadcast_shape
└─── goto #20 if not %74 ││││││││┃││ _bcs
19 ─ goto #21 │││││││││┃│ _bcs1
20 ─ goto #21 ││││││││││┃ _bcsm
21 ┄ %78 = φ (#19 => %74, #20 => false)::Bool ││││││││││
└─── goto #23 if not %78 ││││││││││
22 ─ goto #29 ││││││││││
23 ─ %81 = (4 === 4)::Bool │││││││││││╻╷ ==
│ %82 = (Base.and_int)(true, %81)::Bool ││││││││││││╻ &
└─── goto #25 if not %82 │││││││││││
24 ─ goto #26 │││││││││││
25 ─ goto #26 │││││││││││
26 ┄ %86 = φ (#24 => %82, #25 => false)::Bool ││││││││││
└─── goto #28 if not %86 ││││││││││
27 ─ goto #29 ││││││││││
28 ─ %89 = %new(Base.DimensionMismatch, "arrays could not be broadcast to a common size")::DimensionMismatchpe
│ (Base.Broadcast.throw)(%89) ││││││││││
└─── $(Expr(:unreachable)) ││││││││││
29 ┄ goto #30 │││││││││
30 ─ goto #31 ││││││││
31 ─ goto #32 │││││││
32 ─ goto #33 │││││╻ instantiate
33 ─ %96 = (Base.getfield)(%70, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} ││││││╻╷╷╷ _broadcast
│ %97 = (Base.getfield)(%96, 1, false)::Float64 │││││││╻ macro expansion
│ %98 = (Base.add_float)(%46, %97)::Float64 ││││││││╻ accum
│ %99 = (Base.getfield)(%70, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} │││││││││╻ getproperty
│ %100 = (Base.getfield)(%99, 2, false)::Float64 │││││││││╻ getindex
│ %101 = (Base.add_float)(%49, %100)::Float64 │││││││││╻ +
│ %102 = (Base.getfield)(%70, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} │││││││││╻ getproperty
│ %103 = (Base.getfield)(%102, 3, false)::Float64 │││││││││╻ getindex
│ %104 = (Base.add_float)(%52, %103)::Float64 │││││││││╻ +
│ %105 = (Base.getfield)(%70, :data)::NTuple{4,Float64} │││││││││╻ getproperty
│ %106 = (Base.getfield)(%105, 4, false)::Float64 │││││││││╻ getindex
│ %107 = (Base.add_float)(%55, %106)::Float64 │││││││││╻ +
│ %108 = (StaticArrays.tuple)(%98, %101, %104, %107)::NTuple{4,Float64} ││││││││
│ %109 = %new(SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}, %108)::SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}│││││╻ Type
└─── goto #35 ││││││││
34 ─ $(Expr(:unreachable)) ││││││││
35 ┄ goto #36 ││││││
36 ─ goto #37 │││││
37 ─ goto #38 ││││
38 ─ goto #39 │││
39 ─ %116 = (Core.tuple)(%109)::Tuple{SArray{Tuple{4},Float64,1,4}} │││╻ tail
└─── goto #40 ││
40 ─ return %116 │
41 ─ goto #2 I also do not see any change from julia> using Zygote
julia> Zygote.refresh()
julia> gradient(g, x)
([-1.82664, -13.4078, -5.39434, 1.61724],)
julia> @benchmark gradient(g, $x)
BenchmarkTools.Trial:
memory estimate: 1.64 KiB
allocs estimate: 22
--------------
minimum time: 1.346 μs (0.00% GC)
median time: 1.393 μs (0.00% GC)
mean time: 2.312 μs (35.93% GC)
maximum time: 5.704 ms (99.92% GC)
--------------
samples: 10000
evals/sample: 10 |
I am on the latest commit of this branch of Julia, and on Zygote master.
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