first.py

#!/bin/python3


#print string
print("Hello, world!")
#Print string
print("Hello, world!")
print('Hello, world!')
print("""This string runs
multiple lines!""")
print("This string is "+"awesome!")#we can also concatenate
print('\n')#new line
print('Test that new line out.')

print("\n")

#Math
print(50 + 50) #add
print(50 - 50) #subtract
print(50 * 50) #multiply
print(50 / 50) #divide
print(50 + 50 - 50 * 50 / 50) #PEMDAS
print(50 ** 2) #exponents
print(50 % 6) #modulo - takes what is left over
print(50 / 6) #division with decimals
print(50 // 6) #no remainder

print("\n")

#Variables and Methods
quote = "All is fair in love and war."
print(quote)

print(quote.upper()) #uppercase
print(quote.lower()) #lowercase
print(quote.title()) #title case
print(len(quote)) #counts characters


name = "Heath" #string
age = 33 #int
gpa = 3.7 #float - has a decimal

print(int(age))
print(int(30.1))
print(int(30.9)) #- Will it round? No!

print("My name is " + name + " and I am " + str(age) + " years old.")


age +=1
print(age)

birthday = 1
age += birthday
print(age)
print("\n")

#Functions
print("Here is an example function:")

def who_am_i(): #this is a function without parameters
	name = "Heath"
	age = 30 #local variable
	print("My name is " + name + " and I am " + str(age) + " years old.")

who_am_i()	

#adding parameters
def add_one_hundred(num):
	print(num + 100)
	
add_one_hundred(100)

#multiple parameters
def add(x,y):
	print(x + y)

add(7,7)

def multiply(x,y):
	return x * y

multiply(7,7)
print(multiply(7,7))

def square_root(x):
	print(x ** .5)
	
square_root(64)


def nl():
	print('\n')
	
nl()


nl()

#Boolean expressions (True or False)
print("Boolean expressions:")

bool1 = True
bool2 = 3*3 == 9
bool3 = False
bool4 = 3*3 != 9

print(bool1,bool2,bool3,bool4)
print(type(bool1))

bool5 = "True"
print(type(bool5))

nl()

#Relational and Boolean operators
greater_than = 7 > 5
less_than = 5 < 7
greater_than_equal_to = 7 >=7
less_than_equal_to = 7 <= 7

test_and = True and True #True
test_and2 = True and False #False
test_or = True or True #True
test_or2 = True or False #True

test_not = not True #False

nl()

#Conditional Statements
def drink(money):
	if money >= 2:
		return "You've got yourself a drink!"
	else:
		return "No drink for you!"

print(drink(3))
print(drink(1))


def alcohol(age,money):
	if(age >= 21) and (money >= 5):
		return "We're getting a drink!"
	elif (age >= 21) and (money < 5):
		return "Come back with more money."
	elif (age < 21) and (money >= 5):
		return "Nice try, kid!"
	else:
		return "You're too poor and too young!"
		
print(alcohol(21,5))
print(alcohol(21,4))
print(alcohol(20,5))
print(alcohol(20,4))

nl()

#Lists - Have brackets []
	 
movies = ["When Harry Met Sally", "The Hangover", "The Perks of Being a Wallflower", "The Exorcist"]

print(1)
print(movies[1]) #returns the second item in the list - index / indices
print(2)
print(movies[0]) #returns the first item in the list
print(3)
print(movies[1:3]) #returns the first number given until right before last number given
print(4)
print(movies[1:4]) #returns all #from 1
print(5)
print(movies[1:]) #returns everything from number to end of list
print(6)
print(movies[:1]) #everything before 1
print(7)
print(movies[:2])
print(8)
print(movies[-1]) #grabs last item
print(9)

print(len(movies)) #counts items in list
movies.append("JAWS")
print(movies) #appends to end of list

movies.insert(2, "Hustle")
print(movies)

movies.pop() #removes last(first?) item
print(movies)

movies.pop(0) #removes first item 
print(movies)

amber_movies = ['Just Go With It', '50 First Dates']
our_favorite_movies = movies + amber_movies
print(our_favorite_movies)

grades = [["Bob", 82], ["Alice", 90], ["Jeff", 73]]
bobs_grade = grades[0][1]
print(bobs_grade)
grades[0][1] = 83
print(bobs_grade)
nl()

#Tuples - Do not change, ()
grades = ("a", "b", "c", "d", "f")

#grades.pop, grades.append won't work - not mutable

print(grades[1])
nl()

#For loops - start to finish of an iterate
vegetables = ["cucumber", "spinach", "cabbage"]
for x in vegetables:
	print(x)

#While loops - execute as long as true
i = 1

while i < 10:
	print(i)
	i += 1
nl()

#ADVANCED STRINGS

my_name = "Heath"
print(my_name[0]) #first letter
print(my_name[-1]) #last letter

sentence = "This is a sentence."
print(sentence[:4])

print(sentence.split()) #delimeter - default is a space

sentence_split = sentence.split()
sentence_join = ' '.join(sentence_split)
print(sentence_join)

quote = "He said, 'give me all your money'" # show example
quote = "He said, \"give me all your money\""
print(quote)

too_much_space = "                       hello          "
print(too_much_space.strip())

print("A" in "Apple") #returns true
print("a" in "Apple") #returns false - case sensitive

letter = "A"
word = "Apple"
print(letter.lower() in word.lower()) #improved

movie = "The Hangover"
print("My favorite movie is {}.".format(movie))
print("My favorite movie is %s" % movie)
print(f"My favorite movie is {movie}")
nl()

#DICTIONARIES - key/value pairs {}

drinks = {"White Russian": 7, "Old Fashion": 10, "Lemon Drop": 8} #drink is key, price is value
print(drinks)

employees = {"Finance": ["Bob", "Linda", "Tina"], "IT": ["Gene", "Louise", "Teddy"], "HR": ["Jimmy Jr.", "Mort"]}
employees['Legal'] = ["Mr. Frond"] #adds new key:value pair
print(employees)

employees.update({"Sales": ["Andie", "Ollie"]}) #adds new key:value pair
print(employees)

drinks['White Russian'] = 8
print(drinks)

print(drinks.get("White Russian"))
nl()