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Meta Data Name: Access to MOUDs
Last Modified: July 6, 2021
Author: Susan Paykin

Data Location:

Access01 - Access to MOUDs at 3 spatial scales. Files can be found here.

  • Access01_C
  • Access01_T
  • Access01_Z

Data Source(s) Description:

Data on providers prescribing Medications for Opioid Overuse Disorder (MOUDs) and their locations were sourced from the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Treatment Locator in September 2020. Naltrexone provider data from SAMHSA was supplemented by provider data from Vivitrol.com, with duplicates removed.

Description of Data Processing:

Data was identified, wrangled, cleaned, and prepared for analysis. We geocoded locations locations through the tidygeocoder package in R, as well as supplemental geocoding through University of Chicago Library GIS services. We calculated population-weighted centroids for each County, Census tract and ZCTA and conducted a nearest resource analysis from centroid to provider location to determine the nearest Euclidean (straight-line) distance for each of the three MOUDs. We then calculated additional spatial access metrics using the spatial_access Python package: driving time to nearest provider and count of providers within 30 minunites driving range.

Note: Currently, additional spatial access metrics (driving time, count) are calculated for ZCTAs only. Tract-level calculations will be updated and added in July 2021.

Key Variable and Definitions:

Variable Variable ID in .csv Description
GEOID ID for ZCTA or tract Unique 5-digit identifier for ZCTAs, unique 11-digit identifier for census tracts
COUNTYFP ID for counties Unique 5-digit identifier for counties, w/ first 2 digits being state FIPS
Mininum distance to nearest MOUD (all types) minDisMOUD Euclidean distance (miles) to nearest MOUD (all types)
Mininum distance to methadone metMinDis Euclidean distance (miles) to nearest methadone provider
Driving time to nearest methadone metTime Driving time (minutes) to nearest methadone provider
Count of methadone providers metCount Count of methadone providers in 30 minute driving time range
Mininum distance to buprenorphine bupMinDis Euclidean distance (miles) to nearest buprenorphine provider
Driving time to nearest buprenorphine bupTime Driving time (minutes) to nearest buprenorphine provider
Count of buprenorphine providers bupCount Count of methadone providers in 30 minute driving time range
Mininum distance to naltrexone nalMinDis Euclidean distance (miles) to nearest naltrexone/Vivitrol provider
Driving time to nearest naltrexone nalTime Driving time (minutes) to nearest naltrexone provider
Count of naltrexone providers nalCount Count of naltrexone providers in 30 minute driving time range

Data Limitations:

Access metrics are calculated for continental U.S., and does not include Hawaii, Alaska, or U.S. territories.

Comments/Notes:

  • All access calculations were calculated using population-weighted centroids.
  • Minimum distance calculations are in miles.
  • Driving time calculations are in minutes.