mount.go

/*
Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

// TODO(thockin): This whole pkg is pretty linux-centric.  As soon as we have
// an alternate platform, we will need to abstract further.
package mount

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"
	"syscall"

	"github.com/golang/glog"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/exec"
)

const (
	// Default mount command if mounter path is not specified
	defaultMountCommand  = "mount"
	MountsInGlobalPDPath = "mounts"
)

type Interface interface {
	// Mount mounts source to target as fstype with given options.
	Mount(source string, target string, fstype string, options []string) error
	// Unmount unmounts given target.
	Unmount(target string) error
	// List returns a list of all mounted filesystems.  This can be large.
	// On some platforms, reading mounts is not guaranteed consistent (i.e.
	// it could change between chunked reads). This is guaranteed to be
	// consistent.
	List() ([]MountPoint, error)
	// IsMountPointMatch determines if the mountpoint matches the dir
	IsMountPointMatch(mp MountPoint, dir string) bool
	// IsNotMountPoint determines if a directory is a mountpoint.
	// It should return ErrNotExist when the directory does not exist.
	// IsNotMountPoint is more expensive than IsLikelyNotMountPoint.
	// IsNotMountPoint detects bind mounts in linux.
	// IsNotMountPoint enumerates all the mountpoints using List() and
	// the list of mountpoints may be large, then it uses
	// IsMountPointMatch to evaluate whether the directory is a mountpoint
	IsNotMountPoint(file string) (bool, error)
	// IsLikelyNotMountPoint uses heuristics to determine if a directory
	// is a mountpoint.
	// It should return ErrNotExist when the directory does not exist.
	// IsLikelyNotMountPoint does NOT properly detect all mountpoint types
	// most notably linux bind mounts.
	IsLikelyNotMountPoint(file string) (bool, error)
	// DeviceOpened determines if the device is in use elsewhere
	// on the system, i.e. still mounted.
	DeviceOpened(pathname string) (bool, error)
	// PathIsDevice determines if a path is a device.
	PathIsDevice(pathname string) (bool, error)
	// GetDeviceNameFromMount finds the device name by checking the mount path
	// to get the global mount path which matches its plugin directory
	GetDeviceNameFromMount(mountPath, pluginDir string) (string, error)
	// SafeMakeDir makes sure that the created directory does not escape given
	// base directory mis-using symlinks. The directory is created in the same
	// mount namespace as where kubelet is running. Note that the function makes
	// sure that it creates the directory somewhere under the base, nothing
	// else. E.g. if the directory already exists, it may exists outside of the
	// base due to symlinks.
	SafeMakeDir(pathname string, base string, perm os.FileMode) error
	// CleanSubPaths removes any bind-mounts created by PrepareSafeSubpath in given
	// pod volume directory.
	CleanSubPaths(podDir string, volumeName string) error
	// PrepareSafeSubpath does everything that's necessary to prepare a subPath
	// that's 1) inside given volumePath and 2) immutable after this call.
	//
	// newHostPath - location of prepared subPath. It should be used instead of
	// hostName when running the container.
	// cleanupAction - action to run when the container is running or it failed to start.
	//
	// CleanupAction must be called immediately after the container with given
	// subpath starts. On the other hand, Interface.CleanSubPaths must be called
	// when the pod finishes.
	PrepareSafeSubpath(subPath Subpath) (newHostPath string, cleanupAction func(), err error)
}

type Subpath struct {
	// index of the VolumeMount for this container
	VolumeMountIndex int
	// Full path to the subpath directory on the host
	Path string
	// name of the volume that is a valid directory name.
	VolumeName string
	// Full path to the volume path
	VolumePath string
	// Path to the pod's directory, including pod UID
	PodDir string
	// Name of the container
	ContainerName string
}

// Compile-time check to ensure all Mounter implementations satisfy
// the mount interface
var _ Interface = &Mounter{}

// This represents a single line in /proc/mounts or /etc/fstab.
type MountPoint struct {
	Device string
	Path   string
	Type   string
	Opts   []string
	Freq   int
	Pass   int
}

// SafeFormatAndMount probes a device to see if it is formatted.
// Namely it checks to see if a file system is present. If so it
// mounts it otherwise the device is formatted first then mounted.
type SafeFormatAndMount struct {
	Interface
	Runner exec.Interface
}

// FormatAndMount formats the given disk, if needed, and mounts it.
// That is if the disk is not formatted and it is not being mounted as
// read-only it will format it first then mount it. Otherwise, if the
// disk is already formatted or it is being mounted as read-only, it
// will be mounted without formatting.
func (mounter *SafeFormatAndMount) FormatAndMount(source string, target string, fstype string, options []string) error {
	// Don't attempt to format if mounting as readonly. Go straight to mounting.
	for _, option := range options {
		if option == "ro" {
			return mounter.Interface.Mount(source, target, fstype, options)
		}
	}
	return mounter.formatAndMount(source, target, fstype, options)
}

// New returns a mount.Interface for the current system.
// It provides options to override the default mounter behavior.
// mounterPath allows using an alternative to `/bin/mount` for mounting.
func New(mounterPath string) Interface {
	return &Mounter{
		mounterPath: mounterPath,
	}
}

// GetMountRefs finds all other references to the device referenced
// by mountPath; returns a list of paths.
func GetMountRefs(mounter Interface, mountPath string) ([]string, error) {
	mps, err := mounter.List()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Find the device name.
	deviceName := ""
	// If mountPath is symlink, need get its target path.
	slTarget, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(mountPath)
	if err != nil {
		slTarget = mountPath
	}
	for i := range mps {
		if mps[i].Path == slTarget {
			deviceName = mps[i].Device
			break
		}
	}

	// Find all references to the device.
	var refs []string
	if deviceName == "" {
		glog.Warningf("could not determine device for path: %q", mountPath)
	} else {
		for i := range mps {
			if mps[i].Device == deviceName && mps[i].Path != slTarget {
				refs = append(refs, mps[i].Path)
			}
		}
	}
	return refs, nil
}

// GetDeviceNameFromMount: given a mnt point, find the device from /proc/mounts
// returns the device name, reference count, and error code
func GetDeviceNameFromMount(mounter Interface, mountPath string) (string, int, error) {
	mps, err := mounter.List()
	if err != nil {
		return "", 0, err
	}

	// Find the device name.
	// FIXME if multiple devices mounted on the same mount path, only the first one is returned
	device := ""
	// If mountPath is symlink, need get its target path.
	slTarget, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(mountPath)
	if err != nil {
		slTarget = mountPath
	}
	for i := range mps {
		if mps[i].Path == slTarget {
			device = mps[i].Device
			break
		}
	}

	// Find all references to the device.
	refCount := 0
	for i := range mps {
		if mps[i].Device == device {
			refCount++
		}
	}
	return device, refCount, nil
}

// getDeviceNameFromMount find the device name from /proc/mounts in which
// the mount path reference should match the given plugin directory. In case no mount path reference
// matches, returns the volume name taken from its given mountPath
func getDeviceNameFromMount(mounter Interface, mountPath, pluginDir string) (string, error) {
	refs, err := GetMountRefs(mounter, mountPath)
	if err != nil {
		glog.V(4).Infof("GetMountRefs failed for mount path %q: %v", mountPath, err)
		return "", err
	}
	if len(refs) == 0 {
		glog.V(4).Infof("Directory %s is not mounted", mountPath)
		return "", fmt.Errorf("directory %s is not mounted", mountPath)
	}
	basemountPath := path.Join(pluginDir, MountsInGlobalPDPath)
	for _, ref := range refs {
		if strings.HasPrefix(ref, basemountPath) {
			volumeID, err := filepath.Rel(basemountPath, ref)
			if err != nil {
				glog.Errorf("Failed to get volume id from mount %s - %v", mountPath, err)
				return "", err
			}
			return volumeID, nil
		}
	}

	return path.Base(mountPath), nil
}

func isNotDirErr(err error) bool {
	if e, ok := err.(*os.PathError); ok && e.Err == syscall.ENOTDIR {
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// IsNotMountPoint determines if a directory is a mountpoint.
// It should return ErrNotExist when the directory does not exist.
// This method uses the List() of all mountpoints
// It is more extensive than IsLikelyNotMountPoint
// and it detects bind mounts in linux
func IsNotMountPoint(mounter Interface, file string) (bool, error) {
	// IsLikelyNotMountPoint provides a quick check
	// to determine whether file IS A mountpoint
	notMnt, notMntErr := mounter.IsLikelyNotMountPoint(file)
	if notMntErr != nil && isNotDirErr(notMntErr) {
		return notMnt, notMntErr
	}
	// identified as mountpoint, so return this fact
	if notMnt == false {
		return notMnt, nil
	}
	// check all mountpoints since IsLikelyNotMountPoint
	// is not reliable for some mountpoint types
	mountPoints, mountPointsErr := mounter.List()
	if mountPointsErr != nil {
		return notMnt, mountPointsErr
	}
	for _, mp := range mountPoints {
		if mounter.IsMountPointMatch(mp, file) {
			notMnt = false
			break
		}
	}
	return notMnt, nil
}

// pathWithinBase checks if give path is withing given base directory.
func pathWithinBase(fullPath, basePath string) bool {
	rel, err := filepath.Rel(basePath, fullPath)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	if startsWithBackstep(rel) {
		// Needed to escape the base path
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// startsWithBackstep checks if the given path starts with a backstep segment
func startsWithBackstep(rel string) bool {
	// normalize to / and check for ../
	return rel == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(filepath.ToSlash(rel), "../")
}