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K3s

https://k3s.io/

  • lightweight k8s compatible implementation
  • single 70MB binary kubernetes distro
  • built for IoT & Edge computing, good for CI, embedded etc.
  • low resource usage < 512MB RAM
  • even installs on Raspberry Pi
  • created by Rancher and now part of CNCF - the only CNCF k8s distro
  • uses a docker image from k3s repo to spin up K3s nodes in Docker
  • uses SQLite backend by default
  • etcd3, MySQL, Postgres backends available
  • secure by default
  • bundles:
    • containerd
    • Flannel (CNI)
    • CoreDNS
    • Traefik Proxy (Ingress)
    • Service LB (the component formerly known as Klipper)
      • must --disable servicelb to use MetalLB instead
    • HelmChart & HelmChartConfigs CRDs
    • Embedded network policy controller
    • Embedded local-path-provisioner
    • Host utilities (iptables, socat etc.)
  • K3s service configures on systemd or openrc based systems to start automatically
  • installs kubectl, crictl, ctr, k3s-killall.sh, and k3s-uninstall.sh
  • kubeconfig file written to /etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml
    • kubectl installed by k3s will automatically use this

QuickStart

Install:

curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | sh
sleep 30
k3s kubectl get node

Add agent - set K3S_NODE_NAME environment variable if don't have unique hostnames:

curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | K3S_URL=https://myserver:6443 K3S_TOKEN=mynodetoken sh -

Both server + agent run kubelet, container runtime and CNI

k3s server  # runs control-plane and datastore components
k3s agent

Any yamls under here are created/updated but not removed:

/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/manifests/ccm.yaml
/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/manifests/coredns.yaml
/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/manifests/local-storage.yaml
/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/manifests/metrics-server.yaml
/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/manifests/rolebindings.yaml
/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/manifests/traefik.yaml

Modes

  • Single Server - embedded SQLite DB - can still connect several other agents to server but no control-plane HA
  • HA K3s - 3+ servers - embedded Etcd (3+ masters)
  • 2+ Servers - external datastore Etcd / MySQL / Postgres

Agent uses --server <seed_node> registration address to get the list of masters and then connects to all of them for resilience.

Agent registers to server using cluster secret + sends agent's own generated secret /etc/rancher/node/password.

Server stores the agent's secret in kube-system namespace as <host>.node-password.k3s.

Run this on each master to install it:

Old used MySQL like so, do it with Etcd now instead of this:

export K3S_DATASTORE_ENDPOINT="mysql://k3s:$$K3S_MYSQL_PASSWORD@$MYSQL_HOST:3306/k3s"
curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | sh -s - server --node-taint CriticalAddOnsOnly:NoExecute --tls-san "$IP_ADDRESS"

Show master:

k3s kubectl get node

To add more servers, get token from any server - grants full administrative access to the cluster:

sudo cat /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/token

and export it:

export K3S_TOKEN=...

Get token to install agents - if this wasn't specified this is just a symlink to server-token:

sudo cat /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/agent-token
export K3S_AGENT_TOKEN=...  # above output

Newer releases can use k3s token for dynamic expiring tokens (can only be used to join agents):

k3s token create
export KUBECONFIG="/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml"
kubectl get node

Install Agents

Run this on each agent to install it.

K3S_URL tells https://get.k3s.io script to install agent:

export K3S_URL=https://192.168.1.10:6443
export K3S_TOKEN="..."  # from cat command above
curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | sh -s - server --node-taint CriticalAddOnsOnly:NoExecute --tls-san 192.168.1.10

See masters and agents:

k3s kubectl get node
sudo cat /etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml | sed "s/127.0.0.1/$YOUR_LB_IP_TO_K3S_MASTERS/" >> ~/.kube/config

Install Kubernetes Dashboard

HariSekhon/Kubernetes-configs - kubernetes-dashboard

Shut down K3s

/usr/local/bin/k3s-killall.sh
Ported from private Knowledge Base page 2019+