splncs04.bst

%% BibTeX bibliography style `splncs03'
%%
%% BibTeX bibliography style for use with numbered references in
%% Springer Verlag's "Lecture Notes in Computer Science" series.
%% (See Springer's documentation for llncs.cls for
%% more details of the suggested reference format.)  Note that this
%% file will not work for author-year style citations.
%%
%% Use \documentclass{llncs} and \bibliographystyle{splncs03}, and cite
%% a reference with (e.g.) \cite{smith77} to get a "[1]" in the text.
%%
%% This file comes to you courtesy of Maurizio "Titto" Patrignani of
%% Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione Universita' Roma Tre
%%
%% ================================================================================================
%% This was file `titto-lncs-02.bst' produced on Wed Apr 1, 2009
%% Edited by hand by titto based on `titto-lncs-01.bst' (see below)
%%
%% CHANGES (with respect to titto-lncs-01.bst):
%% - Removed the call to \urlprefix (thus no "URL" string is added to the output)
%% ================================================================================================
%% This was file `titto-lncs-01.bst' produced on Fri Aug 22, 2008
%% Edited by hand by titto based on `titto.bst' (see below)
%%
%% CHANGES (with respect to titto.bst):
%% - Removed the "capitalize" command for editors string "(eds.)" and "(ed.)"
%% - Introduced the functions titto.bbl.pages and titto.bbl.page for journal pages (without "pp.")
%% - Added a new.sentence command to separate with a dot booktitle and series in the inproceedings
%% - Commented all new.block commands before urls and notes (to separate them with a comma)
%% - Introduced the functions titto.bbl.volume for handling journal volumes (without "vol." label)
%% - Used for editors the same name conventions used for authors (see function format.in.ed.booktitle)
%% - Removed a \newblock to avoid long spaces between title and "In: ..."
%% - Added function titto.space.prefix to add a space instead of "~" after the (removed) "vol." label
%% - Added doi
%% ================================================================================================
%% This was file `titto.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `vonx,nm-rvvc,yr-par,jttl-rm,volp-com,jwdpg,jwdvol,numser,ser-vol,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,edparxc,bkedcap,au-col,in-col,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,mth-bare,xedn,jabr,and-com,and-com-ed,xand,url,url-blk,em-x,nfss,')
%% ----------------------------------------
%% *** Tentative .bst file for Springer LNCS ***
%%
%% Copyright 1994-2007 Patrick W Daly
 % ===============================================================
 % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
 % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
 % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
 %
 % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
 % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
 % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
 % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
 % ===============================================================
 % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
 % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2007/04/24 4.20 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
 %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
 %-------------------------------------------------------------------
 % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
 % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
 % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
 % The form of the \bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem{key}...
 % Usage of \cite is as follows:
 %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
 %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
 % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
 % The order in the reference list is alphabetical by authors.
 %---------------------------------------------------------------------

 ENTRY
 { address
   author
   booktitle
   chapter
   doi
   edition
   editor
   eid
   howpublished
   institution
   journal
   key
   month
   note
   number
   organization
   pages
   publisher
   school
   series
   title
   type
   url
   volume
   year
 }
 {}
 { label }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
 #1 'mid.sentence :=
 #2 'after.sentence :=
 #3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t}
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
 output.state mid.sentence =
   { ", " * write$ }
   { output.state after.block =
       { add.period$ write$
%          newline$
%          "\newblock " write$  % removed for titto-lncs-01
         " " write$            % to avoid long spaces between title and "In: ..."
       }
       { output.state before.all =
           'write$
           { add.period$ " " * write$ }
         if$
       }
     if$
     mid.sentence 'output.state :=
   }
 if$
 s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   'pop$
   'output.nonnull
 if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
 duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
   'output.nonnull
 if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   'pop$
   'write$
 if$
 newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
   'skip$
   { after.block 'output.state := }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
   'skip$
   { output.state before.all =
       'skip$
       { after.sentence 'output.state := }
     if$
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {add.blank}
{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
}


FUNCTION {add.colon}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   'skip$
   { ":" * add.blank }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {date.block}
{
 new.block
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
   { #1 }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
   { pop$ #0 }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
   'skip$
 if$
}
STRINGS {z}
FUNCTION {remove.dots}
{ 'z :=
 ""
 { z empty$ not }
 { z #1 #1 substring$
   z #2 global.max$ substring$ 'z :=
   duplicate$ "." = 'pop$
     { * }
   if$
 }
 while$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
   'skip$
   'new.block
 if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
 swap$ empty$
 and
   'skip$
   'new.block
 if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
   'skip$
   'new.sentence
 if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
 swap$ empty$
 and
   'skip$
   'new.sentence
 if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "" }
   'skip$
 if$
}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ skip$ }

FUNCTION {embolden}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #5 <
   { "~" }
   { " " }
 if$
 swap$
}
FUNCTION {titto.space.prefix} %  always introduce a space
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
   { " " }
   { " " }
 if$
 swap$
}


FUNCTION {capitalize}
{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}
{ " " swap$ * " " * }
% Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
% Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
% The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{ "and"}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{ "et~al." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{ "eds." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{ "ed." }

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "edn." }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "vol." }

FUNCTION {titto.bbl.volume} % for handling journals
{ "" }

FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "in" }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "pp." }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "p." }

FUNCTION {titto.bbl.pages} % for journals
{ "" }

FUNCTION {titto.bbl.page}  % for journals
{ "" }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "chap." }

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{ "Tech. Rep." }

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}

MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}

MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
{"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}

MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}

MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}

MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}

FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$
 duplicate$ missing$
   {
     pop$ pop$
     ""
   }
   { duplicate$ empty$
       {
         swap$ pop$
       }
       { swap$
         pop$
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$
 duplicate$ missing$
   {
     swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
     ""
   }
   { duplicate$ empty$
       {
         swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
       }
       { swap$
         pop$
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
   { "" }
%    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
   { "\url{" url * "}" * }  % changed in titto-lncs-02.bst
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.doi} % added in splncs04.bst
{ doi empty$
    { "" }
    { after.block 'output.state :=
      "\doi{" doi * "}" * }
 if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }


STRINGS  { bibinfo}

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
 duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
 's :=
 "" 't :=
 #1 'nameptr :=
 s num.names$ 'numnames :=
 numnames 'namesleft :=
   { namesleft #0 > }
   { s nameptr
     "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f{.}.}"
     format.name$
     bibinfo bibinfo.check
     't :=
     nameptr #1 >
       {
         namesleft #1 >
           { ", " * t * }
           {
             s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
               { 't := }
               { pop$ }
             if$
             "," *
             t "others" =
               {
                 " " * bbl.etal *
               }
               { " " * t * }
             if$
           }
         if$
       }
       't
     if$
     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
   }
 while$
 } if$
}
FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{
 'bibinfo :=
 duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
 's :=
 "" 't :=
 #1 'nameptr :=
 s num.names$ 'numnames :=
 numnames 'namesleft :=
   { namesleft #0 > }
   { s nameptr
     "{f{.}.~}{vv~}{ll}{ jj}"
     format.name$
     bibinfo bibinfo.check
     't :=
     nameptr #1 >
       {
         namesleft #1 >
           { ", " * t * }
           {
             s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
               { 't := }
               { pop$ }
             if$
             "," *
             t "others" =
               {

                 " " * bbl.etal *
               }
               { " " * t * }
             if$
           }
         if$
       }
       't
     if$
     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
   }
 while$
 } if$
}
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author "author" format.names
}
FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
   {
     " " *
     get.bbl.editor
%      capitalize
  "(" swap$ * ")" *
     *
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.note}
{
note empty$
   { "" }
   { note #1 #1 substring$
     duplicate$ "{" =
       'skip$
       { output.state mid.sentence =
         { "l" }
         { "u" }
       if$
       change.case$
       }
     if$
     note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title
 duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
   { "t" change.case$ }
 if$
 "title" bibinfo.check
}
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
 "\bibitem{" write$
 cite$ write$
 "}" write$
 newline$
 ""
 before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
 't :=
 ""
   { t empty$ not }
   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
       { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
           { "--" *
             t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
           }
           {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
               { "-" *
                 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
               }
             while$
           }
         if$
       }
       { t #1 #1 substring$ *
         t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
       }
     if$
   }
 while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
{ bbl.in capitalize
 ":" *
 " " * }

FUNCTION {format.date}
{
 month "month" bibinfo.check
 duplicate$ empty$
 year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
   { swap$ 'skip$
       { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
     if$
     *
   }
   { swap$ 'skip$
       {
         swap$
         " " * swap$
       }
     if$
     *
     remove.dots
   }
 if$
 duplicate$ empty$
   'skip$
   {
     before.all 'output.state :=
   " (" swap$ * ")" *
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
 duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
   {
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
   'pop$
   { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
   { "" }
   { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
     "volume" bibinfo.check * *
     series "series" bibinfo.check
     duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
       { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
     if$
     "volume and number" number either.or.check
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
   { number empty$
       { series field.or.null }
       { output.state mid.sentence =
           { bbl.number }
           { bbl.number capitalize }
         if$
         number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
         series empty$
           { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
           { bbl.in space.word *
             series "series" bibinfo.check *
           }
         if$
       }
     if$
   }
   { "" }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
   {
     output.state mid.sentence =
       { "l" }
       { "t" }
     if$ change.case$
     "edition" bibinfo.check
     " " * bbl.edition *
   }
 if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
 #0 'multiresult :=
   { multiresult not
     t empty$ not
     and
   }
   { t #1 #1 substring$
     duplicate$ "-" =
     swap$ duplicate$ "," =
     swap$ "+" =
     or or
       { #1 'multiresult := }
       { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
     if$
   }
 while$
 multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
   { duplicate$ multi.page.check
       {
         bbl.pages swap$
         n.dashify
       }
       {
         bbl.page swap$
       }
     if$
     tie.or.space.prefix
     "pages" bibinfo.check
     * *
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
   { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
       { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
       {
         ", " *
         swap$
         n.dashify
         pages multi.page.check
           'titto.bbl.pages
           'titto.bbl.page
         if$
         swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
         "pages" bibinfo.check
         * *
         *
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
 duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
   { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
     {
         ", " *
     }
     if$
     swap$ *
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} % this function is used only for journal entries
{ volume field.or.null embolden
 duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
   {
%    bbl.volume swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
    titto.bbl.volume swap$ titto.space.prefix
%            rationale for the change above: for journals you don't want "vol." label
%            hence it does not make sense to attach the journal number to the label when
%            it is short
     "volume" bibinfo.check
     * *
     }
 if$
 number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
   {
     swap$ duplicate$ empty$
       { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
       'skip$
     if$
     swap$
     "(" swap$ * ")" *
   }
 if$ *
 eid empty$
   { format.journal.pages }
   { format.journal.eid }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
   'format.pages
   { type empty$
       { bbl.chapter }
       { type "l" change.case$
         "type" bibinfo.check
       }
     if$
     chapter tie.or.space.prefix
     "chapter" bibinfo.check
     * *
     pages empty$
       'skip$
       { ", " * format.pages * }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{
 booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
   {
%     editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ % changed by titto
     editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
       {
         " " *
         get.bbl.editor
%          capitalize
         "(" swap$ * ") " *
         * swap$
         * }
     if$
     word.in swap$ *
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
 month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
 and and and and and
 key empty$ not and
   { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
   'skip$
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type duplicate$ empty$
   'pop$
   { swap$ pop$
     "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
 type duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ bbl.techrep }
   'skip$
 if$
 "type" bibinfo.check
 swap$ duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
   { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
 key duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$
     journal duplicate$ empty$
       { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
       { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
     if$
   }
   { word.in swap$ * " " *}
 if$
 " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
 "editor" bibinfo.check
 editor num.names$ duplicate$
 #2 >
   { pop$
     "editor" bibinfo.check
     " " * bbl.etal
     *
   }
   { #2 <
       'skip$
       { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
           {
             "editor" bibinfo.check
             " " * bbl.etal
             *
           }
           {
            bbl.and space.word
             * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
             "editor" bibinfo.check
             *
           }
         if$
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume duplicate$ empty$
   { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
     pop$ word.in
   }
   { bbl.volume
     capitalize
     swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
   }
 if$
 editor empty$
 editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
 or
   { key empty$
       { series empty$
           { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
             crossref * warning$
             "" *
           }
           { series emphasize * }
         if$
       }
       { key * }
     if$
   }
   { format.crossref.editor * }
 if$
 " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
 editor empty$
 editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
 or
   { key empty$
       { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
           { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
             crossref * warning$
           }
           { word.in swap$ * }
         if$
       }
       { word.in key * " " *}
     if$
   }
   { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
 if$
 " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
 ""
 address empty$ t empty$ and
   'skip$
   {
     t empty$
       { address "address" bibinfo.check *
       }
       { t *
         address empty$
           'skip$
           { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
         if$
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.title "title" output.check
 new.block
 crossref missing$
   {
     journal
     "journal" bibinfo.check
     "journal" output.check
     add.blank
     format.vol.num.pages output
     format.date "year" output.check
   }
   { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
     format.pages output
   }
 if$
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
 author empty$
   { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
     add.colon
   }
   { format.authors output.nonnull
     add.colon
     crossref missing$
       { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
 if$
 new.block
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 crossref missing$
   { format.bvolume output
     new.block
     new.sentence
     format.number.series output
     format.publisher.address output
   }
   {
     new.block
     format.book.crossref output.nonnull
   }
 if$
 format.edition output
 format.date "year" output.check
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors output
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.title "title" output.check
 new.block
 howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
 address "address" bibinfo.check output
 format.date output
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
 author empty$
   { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
     add.colon
   }
   { format.authors output.nonnull
     add.colon
     crossref missing$
       { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
 if$
 new.block
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 crossref missing$
   {
     format.bvolume output
     format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
     new.block
     new.sentence
     format.number.series output
     format.publisher.address output
   }
   {
     format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
     new.block
     format.book.crossref output.nonnull
   }
 if$
 format.edition output
 format.date "year" output.check
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.title "title" output.check
 new.block
 crossref missing$
   { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
     format.bvolume output
     format.chapter.pages output
     new.sentence
     format.number.series output
     format.publisher.address output
     format.edition output
     format.date "year" output.check
   }
   { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
     format.chapter.pages output
   }
 if$
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.title "title" output.check
 new.block
 crossref missing$
   { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
     new.sentence % added by titto
     format.bvolume output
     format.pages output
     new.sentence
     format.number.series output
     publisher empty$
       { format.organization.address output }
       { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
         format.publisher.address output
       }
     if$
     format.date "year" output.check
   }
   { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
     format.pages output
   }
 if$
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
 author empty$
   { organization "organization" bibinfo.check
     duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
       { output
         address "address" bibinfo.check output
       }
     if$
   }
   { format.authors output.nonnull }
 if$
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 author empty$
   { organization empty$
       {
         address new.block.checka
         address "address" bibinfo.check output
       }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
   {
     organization address new.block.checkb
     organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
     address "address" bibinfo.check output
   }
 if$
 format.edition output
 format.date output
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.btitle
 "title" output.check
 new.block
 bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
 school "school" bibinfo.warn output
 address "address" bibinfo.check output
 format.date "year" output.check
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors output
 add.colon
 title howpublished new.block.checkb
 format.title output
 howpublished new.block.checka
 howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
 format.date output
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
 empty.misc.check
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.btitle
 "title" output.check
 new.block
 bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
 school "school" bibinfo.warn output
 address "address" bibinfo.check output
 format.date "year" output.check
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
 editor empty$
   { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
   }
   { format.editors output.nonnull }
 if$
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 format.bvolume output
 editor empty$
   { publisher empty$
       {  format.number.series output }
       {
         new.sentence
         format.number.series output
         format.publisher.address output
       }
     if$
   }
   { publisher empty$
       {
         new.sentence
         format.number.series output
         format.organization.address output }
       {
         new.sentence
         format.number.series output
         organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
         format.publisher.address output
       }
     if$
    }
 if$
     format.date "year" output.check
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.title
 "title" output.check
 new.block
 format.tr.number output.nonnull
 institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
 address "address" bibinfo.check output
 format.date "year" output.check
%  new.block
 format.doi output
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 add.colon
 new.block
 format.title "title" output.check
 format.date output
%  new.block
 format.url output
%  new.block
 format.note "note" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
READ
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
 "l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
 'len :=
 s #1 len substring$ =
   { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
   's
 if$
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
 #1 'nameptr :=
 ""
 s num.names$ 'numnames :=
 numnames 'namesleft :=
   { namesleft #0 > }
   { s nameptr
     "{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}"
     format.name$ 't :=
     nameptr #1 >
       {
         "   "  *
         namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
           { "zzzzz" * }
           { t sortify * }
         if$
       }
       { t sortify * }
     if$
     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
   }
 while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
 "A " #2
   "An " #3
     "The " #4 t chop.word
   chop.word
 chop.word
 sortify
 #1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
   { key empty$
       { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
         ""
       }
       { key sortify }
     if$
   }
   { author sort.format.names }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
   { editor empty$
       { key empty$
           { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
             ""
           }
           { key sortify }
         if$
       }
       { editor sort.format.names }
     if$
   }
   { author sort.format.names }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
   { organization empty$
       { key empty$
           { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
             ""
           }
           { key sortify }
         if$
       }
       { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
     if$
   }
   { author sort.format.names }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
   { organization empty$
       { key empty$
           { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
             ""
           }
           { key sortify }
         if$
       }
       { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
     if$
   }
   { editor sort.format.names }
 if$
}
FUNCTION {presort}
{ type$ "book" =
 type$ "inbook" =
 or
   'author.editor.sort
   { type$ "proceedings" =
       'editor.organization.sort
       { type$ "manual" =
           'author.organization.sort
           'author.sort
         if$
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
 "    "
 *
 year field.or.null sortify
 *
 "    "
 *
 title field.or.null
 sort.format.title
 *
 #1 entry.max$ substring$
 'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {presort}
SORT
STRINGS { longest.label }
INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
 #1 'number.label :=
 #0 'longest.label.width :=
}
FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
 number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
 label width$ longest.label.width >
   { label 'longest.label :=
     label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
   }
   'skip$
 if$
}
EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
   'skip$
   { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
 if$
 "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
 write$ newline$
 "\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}"
 write$ newline$
 "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
 write$ newline$
 "\providecommand{\doi}[1]{https://doi.org/#1}"
 write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
 "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%% End of file `titto.bst'.