Examples/pokemon-trainer/cookbook.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# The Pokemon Cookbook\n",
    "This cookbook teaches you the concepts of the InfluxDB 3.0 Python Client library using a novel example of Pokemon data. The scenerio is to keep track of each trainer and the number of different pokemon they have caught.\n",
    "\n",
    "<p align=\"center\">\n",
    "<img height=\"300\" src=\"https://www.nicepng.com/png/full/62-622961_no-one-knows-if-people-eat-pokmon-png.png\">\n",
    "</p>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "# Here we include all the imports required from influxdb_client_3\n",
    "from influxdb_client_3 import InfluxDBClient3, InfluxDBError, WriteOptions, write_client_options\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import random"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Writing Data\n",
    "The first step is to write data into InfluxDB. We will use the `write_api` to write data into InfluxDB. In this example we are going to utilise `batching mode` to write data in batches. This is the most efficient way to write data into InfluxDB. To do this we are going to first setup some paramters for our client."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# This class handles the callbacks for the batching\n",
    "class BatchingCallback(object):\n",
    "\n",
    "    def success(self, conf, data: str):\n",
    "        print(f\"Written batch: {conf}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "    def error(self, conf, data: str, exception: InfluxDBError):\n",
    "        print(f\"Cannot write batch: {conf}, data: {data} due: {exception}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "    def retry(self, conf, data: str, exception: InfluxDBError):\n",
    "        print(f\"Retryable error occurs for batch: {conf}, data: {data} retry: {exception}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "callback = BatchingCallback()\n",
    "\n",
    "# This is the configuration for the batching. This is wrapped in a WriteOptions object. Within this example you\n",
    "# can see the different options that can be set for the batching.\n",
    "# Batch size is the number of points to write before the batch is written to the server.\n",
    "# Flush interval is the time in milliseconds to wait before the batch is written to the server.\n",
    "# Jitter interval is the time in milliseconds to wait before the batch is written to the server.\n",
    "# Retry interval is the time in milliseconds to wait before retrying a failed batch.\n",
    "# Max retries is the maximum number of times to retry a failed batch.\n",
    "# exponential base is the base for the exponential retry delay.\n",
    "write_options = WriteOptions(batch_size=100,\n",
    "                                        flush_interval=10_000,\n",
    "                                        jitter_interval=2_000,\n",
    "                                        retry_interval=5_000,\n",
    "                                        max_retries=5,\n",
    "                                        max_retry_delay=30_000,\n",
    "                                        exponential_base=2)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# This is the configuration for the write client. This is wrapped in a WriteClientOptions object.\n",
    "# As you can see we incldue the BatchingCallback object we created earlier, plus the write_options.\n",
    "wco = write_client_options(success_callback=callback.success,\n",
    "                          error_callback=callback.error,\n",
    "                          retry_callback=callback.retry,\n",
    "                          write_options=write_options\n",
    "                        )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Client Setup\n",
    "Now that we have done the inital configurations of our write paramters its time to include these within our client initalization. The InfluxDB 3.0 Client can both write and query data. For now we will use it to write data based upon our configuration."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# In this example we are using the InfluxDBClient3 object to connect to the InfluxDB Cloud instance.\n",
    "# We are also passing in the write_client_options we created earlier.\n",
    "# The token, host and org are all required to connect to the InfluxDB Serverless instance.\n",
    "# Note: that Org is optional with Dedicated instances.\n",
    "client = InfluxDBClient3(\n",
    "    token=\"phVXVXPBZ12vyNvVGJJX6vngFa4zyCYIzgDTYRJsPyIUSi3r78agctL2ksCH1GlUxtIWdGFWL5ScxQxUnbQOAQ==\",\n",
    "    host=\"eu-central-1-1.aws.cloud2.influxdata.com\",\n",
    "    org=\"6a841c0c08328fb1\",\n",
    "    database=\"pokemon-codex\", enable_gzip=True, write_client_options=wco)\n",
    "\n",
    "now =  pd.Timestamp.now(tz='UTC').floor('ms')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Lists of possible trainers\n",
    "trainers = [\"ash\", \"brock\", \"misty\", \"gary\", \"jessie\", \"james\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "# Read the CSV into a DataFrame. (Credit to @ritchie46 for the dataset)\n",
    "pokemon_df = pd.read_csv(\"./pokemon.csv\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Creating an empty list to store the data\n",
    "data = []\n",
    "\n",
    "# Dictionary to keep track of the number of times each trainer has caught each Pokémon\n",
    "trainer_pokemon_counts = {}\n",
    "\n",
    "# Number of entries we want to create\n",
    "num_entries = 1000"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Generate some data\n",
    "Now that we have our client setup lets start generating some data we can write to InfluxDB. Following the Pokemon example we will create a list of trainers and the number of pokemon they have caught. Trainers will catch pokemon randomly selected from our list stored within the Pandas DataFrame `pokemon_df`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>trainer</th>\n",
       "      <th>id</th>\n",
       "      <th>num</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>level</th>\n",
       "      <th>attack</th>\n",
       "      <th>defense</th>\n",
       "      <th>hp</th>\n",
       "      <th>speed</th>\n",
       "      <th>type1</th>\n",
       "      <th>type2</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>timestamp</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>ash</td>\n",
       "      <td>0104</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cubone</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ground</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>brock</td>\n",
       "      <td>0146</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Moltres</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fire</td>\n",
       "      <td>Flying</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>jessie</td>\n",
       "      <td>0071</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Victreebel</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>Grass</td>\n",
       "      <td>Poison</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>jessie</td>\n",
       "      <td>0070</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Weepinbell</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "      <td>Grass</td>\n",
       "      <td>Poison</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>brock</td>\n",
       "      <td>0102</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Exeggcute</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>Grass</td>\n",
       "      <td>Psychic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>james</td>\n",
       "      <td>0138</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Omanyte</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rock</td>\n",
       "      <td>Water</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>misty</td>\n",
       "      <td>0056</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mankey</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fighting</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>gary</td>\n",
       "      <td>0134</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vaporeon</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>Water</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>jessie</td>\n",
       "      <td>0001</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bulbasaur</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>Grass</td>\n",
       "      <td>Poison</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>james</td>\n",
       "      <td>0111</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rhyhorn</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ground</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rock</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>1000 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                 trainer    id num        name  level  attack  \\\n",
       "timestamp                                                                       \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00     ash  0104   1      Cubone      9      50   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00   brock  0146   1     Moltres     19     100   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00  jessie  0071   1  Victreebel      6     105   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00  jessie  0070   1  Weepinbell     19      90   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00   brock  0102   1   Exeggcute     13      40   \n",
       "...                                  ...   ...  ..         ...    ...     ...   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00   james  0138   5     Omanyte     20      40   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00   misty  0056   3      Mankey     20      80   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00    gary  0134   2    Vaporeon      7      65   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00  jessie  0001   2   Bulbasaur      7      49   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00   james  0111   3     Rhyhorn      9      85   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                  defense   hp  speed     type1    type2  \n",
       "timestamp                                                                 \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00       95   50     35    Ground      NaN  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00       90   90     90      Fire   Flying  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00       65   80     70     Grass   Poison  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00       50   65     55     Grass   Poison  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00       80   60     40     Grass  Psychic  \n",
       "...                                   ...  ...    ...       ...      ...  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00      100   35     35      Rock    Water  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00       35   40     70  Fighting      NaN  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00       60  130     65     Water      NaN  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00       49   45     45     Grass   Poison  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:44:44.001000+00:00       95   80     25    Ground     Rock  \n",
       "\n",
       "[1000 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from IPython.display import display, HTML\n",
    "\n",
    "# Generating random data\n",
    "for i in range(num_entries):\n",
    "    trainer = random.choice(trainers)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Randomly select a row from pokemon_df\n",
    "    random_pokemon = pokemon_df.sample().iloc[0]\n",
    "    caught = random_pokemon['Name']\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Count the number of times this trainer has caught this Pokémon\n",
    "    if (trainer, caught) in trainer_pokemon_counts:\n",
    "        trainer_pokemon_counts[(trainer, caught)] += 1\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        trainer_pokemon_counts[(trainer, caught)] = 1\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Get the number for this combination of trainer and Pokémon\n",
    "    num = trainer_pokemon_counts[(trainer, caught)]\n",
    "\n",
    "    entry = {\n",
    "        \"trainer\": trainer,\n",
    "        \"id\": f\"{0000 + random_pokemon['#']:04d}\",\n",
    "        \"num\": str(num),\n",
    "        \"name\": caught,\n",
    "        \"level\": random.randint(5, 20),\n",
    "        \"attack\": random_pokemon['Attack'],\n",
    "        \"defense\": random_pokemon['Defense'],\n",
    "        \"hp\": random_pokemon['HP'],\n",
    "        \"speed\": random_pokemon['Speed'],\n",
    "        \"type1\": random_pokemon['Type 1'],\n",
    "        \"type2\": random_pokemon['Type 2'],\n",
    "        \"timestamp\": now\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    data.append(entry)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Convert the list of dictionaries to a DataFrame\n",
    "caught_pokemon_df = pd.DataFrame(data).set_index('timestamp')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Print the DataFrame\n",
    "display(caught_pokemon_df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Write Data to InfluxDB\n",
    "We will now write our newley created trainer data to InfluxDB. To do this we simply call client.write and pass in our dataframe. We then provide a static measurement name of `caught`. We also provide a series of tags to help identify our data. In this case we use the columns `['trainer', 'id', 'num']`. Note that we didn't provide our time column this is due to the fact we set this column as our `dataframe_index`. This means that the index column will be used as the time column."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import time\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    client.write(caught_pokemon_df, data_frame_measurement_name='caught',\n",
    "             data_frame_tag_columns=['trainer', 'id', 'num'])\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(f\"Error writing point: {e}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Wait for the batch to be written\n",
    "time.sleep(2)\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Querying Data\n",
    "We have now stored 1000 registered pokemon catches within InfluxDB. We can now query this data using the InfluxDB 3.0 Python Client to gain some insights into our data. We are going to use Plotly to visualise our data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>public</td>\n",
       "      <td>iox</td>\n",
       "      <td>caught</td>\n",
       "      <td>name</td>\n",
       "      <td>Utf8</td>\n",
       "      <td>YES</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>public</td>\n",
       "      <td>iox</td>\n",
       "      <td>caught</td>\n",
       "      <td>num</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dictionary(Int32, Utf8)</td>\n",
       "      <td>YES</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>public</td>\n",
       "      <td>iox</td>\n",
       "      <td>caught</td>\n",
       "      <td>speed</td>\n",
       "      <td>Int64</td>\n",
       "      <td>YES</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>public</td>\n",
       "      <td>iox</td>\n",
       "      <td>caught</td>\n",
       "      <td>time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Timestamp(Nanosecond, None)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>public</td>\n",
       "      <td>iox</td>\n",
       "      <td>caught</td>\n",
       "      <td>trainer</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dictionary(Int32, Utf8)</td>\n",
       "      <td>YES</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>public</td>\n",
       "      <td>iox</td>\n",
       "      <td>caught</td>\n",
       "      <td>type1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Utf8</td>\n",
       "      <td>YES</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>public</td>\n",
       "      <td>iox</td>\n",
       "      <td>caught</td>\n",
       "      <td>type2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Utf8</td>\n",
       "      <td>YES</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   table_catalog table_schema table_name column_name  \\\n",
       "0         public          iox     caught      attack   \n",
       "1         public          iox     caught     defense   \n",
       "2         public          iox     caught          hp   \n",
       "3         public          iox     caught          id   \n",
       "4         public          iox     caught       level   \n",
       "5         public          iox     caught        name   \n",
       "6         public          iox     caught         num   \n",
       "7         public          iox     caught       speed   \n",
       "8         public          iox     caught        time   \n",
       "9         public          iox     caught     trainer   \n",
       "10        public          iox     caught       type1   \n",
       "11        public          iox     caught       type2   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      data_type is_nullable  \n",
       "0                         Int64         YES  \n",
       "1                         Int64         YES  \n",
       "2                         Int64         YES  \n",
       "3       Dictionary(Int32, Utf8)         YES  \n",
       "4                         Int64         YES  \n",
       "5                          Utf8         YES  \n",
       "6       Dictionary(Int32, Utf8)         YES  \n",
       "7                         Int64         YES  \n",
       "8   Timestamp(Nanosecond, None)          NO  \n",
       "9       Dictionary(Int32, Utf8)         YES  \n",
       "10                         Utf8         YES  \n",
       "11                         Utf8         YES  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# These are just some library imports for Plotly so we can make use of the interactive graphs.\n",
    "import plotly.express as px\n",
    "import plotly.io as pio\n",
    "pio.renderers.default = \"vscode\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Lets start with a simple query to understand our schema.\n",
    "query = '''SHOW COLUMNS FROM caught'''\n",
    "\n",
    "# We can use the query method to run a query against the database.\n",
    "# Under the hood this creates a flight ticket and uses the FlightClient to run the query.\n",
    "# For this example we are using the pandas mode, which will return a pandas DataFrame.\n",
    "# Language also allows us to specify the query language, in this case we are using SQL.\n",
    "table = client.query(query=query, language='sql', mode='pandas')\n",
    "\n",
    "display(table)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Simple InfluxQL Query\n",
    "The first query we will run is a simple InfluxQL query to get the number of pokemon caught by each trainer. We will then use Plotly to visualise this data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
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   "source": [
    "# Lets start with a simple query to understand our schema.\n",
    "query = '''SELECT count(\"name\") FROM caught WHERE time > now() - 1h GROUP BY trainer'''\n",
    "\n",
    "# We can use the query method to run a query against the database.\n",
    "# Under the hood this creates a flight ticket and uses the FlightClient to run the query.\n",
    "# For this example we are using the pandas mode, which will return a pandas DataFrame.\n",
    "# Language also allows us to specify the query language, in this case we are using SQL.\n",
    "table = client.query(query=query, language='influxql', mode='pandas')\n",
    "\n",
    "fig1 = px.bar(table, x=\"trainer\", y=\"count\",color='trainer' ,title='Number of Pokémon caught in the last hour')\n",
    "fig1.show()"
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
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          },
          "title": {
           "x": 0.05
          },
          "xaxis": {
           "automargin": true,
           "gridcolor": "white",
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           "ticks": "",
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           "zerolinecolor": "white",
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        },
        "title": {
         "text": "Number of Pokémon caught in the last hour grouped by type"
        },
        "xaxis": {
         "anchor": "y",
         "domain": [
          0,
          1
         ],
         "title": {
          "text": "trainer"
         }
        },
        "yaxis": {
         "anchor": "x",
         "domain": [
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         "title": {
          "text": "count"
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   "source": [
    "# Lets start with a simple query to understand our schema.\n",
    "query = '''SELECT count(\"name\") FROM caught WHERE time > now() - 1h GROUP BY trainer,type1'''\n",
    "\n",
    "# We can use the query method to run a query against the database.\n",
    "# Under the hood this creates a flight ticket and uses the FlightClient to run the query.\n",
    "# For this example we are using the pandas mode, which will return a pandas DataFrame.\n",
    "# Language also allows us to specify the query language, in this case we are using SQL.\n",
    "table = client.query(query=query, language='influxql' , mode='pandas')\n",
    "\n",
    "fig2 = px.bar(table, x=\"trainer\", y=\"count\", color='type1', barmode= 'group', title='Number of Pokémon caught in the last hour grouped by type')\n",
    "fig2.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Working with Arrow tables\n",
    "So within the last section we discussed converting returned queries directly to Pandas Dataframes. However, we can also utilise their raw format, Arrow tables. Arrow tables are a columnar format that is more efficient for working with data.\n",
    "\n",
    "Lets first start by adding more data with a random timestamp between now and 1 hour ago"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>trainer</th>\n",
       "      <th>id</th>\n",
       "      <th>num</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>level</th>\n",
       "      <th>attack</th>\n",
       "      <th>defense</th>\n",
       "      <th>hp</th>\n",
       "      <th>speed</th>\n",
       "      <th>type1</th>\n",
       "      <th>type2</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>timestamp</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:13:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>james</td>\n",
       "      <td>0015</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Beedrill</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bug</td>\n",
       "      <td>Poison</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:24:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>misty</td>\n",
       "      <td>0101</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electrode</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electric</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:10:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>brock</td>\n",
       "      <td>0025</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pikachu</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electric</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:47:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>misty</td>\n",
       "      <td>0135</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jolteon</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electric</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:14:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>ash</td>\n",
       "      <td>0022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fearow</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>Flying</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:40:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>james</td>\n",
       "      <td>0133</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Eevee</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:11:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>james</td>\n",
       "      <td>0110</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>Weezing</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>Poison</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:19:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>james</td>\n",
       "      <td>0072</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tentacool</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>Water</td>\n",
       "      <td>Poison</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:18:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>brock</td>\n",
       "      <td>0110</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>Weezing</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>Poison</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-07-27 10:30:38.242000+00:00</th>\n",
       "      <td>misty</td>\n",
       "      <td>0094</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gengar</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>110</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ghost</td>\n",
       "      <td>Poison</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>10000 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                 trainer    id num       name  level  attack  \\\n",
       "timestamp                                                                      \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:13:38.242000+00:00   james  0015   1   Beedrill      8      90   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:24:38.242000+00:00   misty  0101   3  Electrode     17      50   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:10:38.242000+00:00   brock  0025   3    Pikachu     10      55   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:47:38.242000+00:00   misty  0135   2    Jolteon     20      65   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:14:38.242000+00:00     ash  0022   2     Fearow     13      90   \n",
       "...                                  ...   ...  ..        ...    ...     ...   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:40:38.242000+00:00   james  0133  10      Eevee     13      55   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:11:38.242000+00:00   james  0110  12    Weezing     10      90   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:19:38.242000+00:00   james  0072   8  Tentacool      5      40   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:18:38.242000+00:00   brock  0110  17    Weezing     12      90   \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:30:38.242000+00:00   misty  0094  16     Gengar     11      65   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                  defense  hp  speed     type1   type2  \n",
       "timestamp                                                               \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:13:38.242000+00:00       40  65     75       Bug  Poison  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:24:38.242000+00:00       70  60    140  Electric     NaN  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:10:38.242000+00:00       40  35     90  Electric     NaN  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:47:38.242000+00:00       60  65    130  Electric     NaN  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:14:38.242000+00:00       65  65    100    Normal  Flying  \n",
       "...                                   ...  ..    ...       ...     ...  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:40:38.242000+00:00       50  55     55    Normal     NaN  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:11:38.242000+00:00      120  65     60    Poison     NaN  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:19:38.242000+00:00       35  40     70     Water  Poison  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:18:38.242000+00:00      120  65     60    Poison     NaN  \n",
       "2023-07-27 10:30:38.242000+00:00       60  60    110     Ghost  Poison  \n",
       "\n",
       "[10000 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_entries = 10000 # You can reduce this if required. The more data the more interesting the results.\n",
    "now =  pd.Timestamp.now(tz='UTC').floor('ms')\n",
    "data = []\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Generating random data\n",
    "for i in range(num_entries):\n",
    "    # Randomise the timestamp\n",
    "    timestamp = now - pd.Timedelta(minutes=random.randint(0, 60))\n",
    "    trainer = random.choice(trainers)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Randomly select a row from pokemon_df\n",
    "    random_pokemon = pokemon_df.sample().iloc[0]\n",
    "    caught = random_pokemon['Name']\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Count the number of times this trainer has caught this Pokémon\n",
    "    if (trainer, caught) in trainer_pokemon_counts:\n",
    "        trainer_pokemon_counts[(trainer, caught)] += 1\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        trainer_pokemon_counts[(trainer, caught)] = 1\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Get the number for this combination of trainer and Pokémon\n",
    "    num = trainer_pokemon_counts[(trainer, caught)]\n",
    "\n",
    "    entry = {\n",
    "        \"trainer\": trainer,\n",
    "        \"id\": f\"{0000 + random_pokemon['#']:04d}\",\n",
    "        \"num\": str(num),\n",
    "        \"name\": caught,\n",
    "        \"level\": random.randint(5, 20),\n",
    "        \"attack\": random_pokemon['Attack'],\n",
    "        \"defense\": random_pokemon['Defense'],\n",
    "        \"hp\": random_pokemon['HP'],\n",
    "        \"speed\": random_pokemon['Speed'],\n",
    "        \"type1\": random_pokemon['Type 1'],\n",
    "        \"type2\": random_pokemon['Type 2'],\n",
    "        \"timestamp\": timestamp\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    data.append(entry)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Convert the list of dictionaries to a DataFrame\n",
    "caught_pokemon_df = pd.DataFrame(data).set_index('timestamp')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Print the DataFrame\n",
    "display(caught_pokemon_df)\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    client.write(caught_pokemon_df, data_frame_measurement_name='kanto',\n",
    "             data_frame_tag_columns=['trainer', 'id', 'num'])\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(f\"Error writing point: {e}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Wait for the batch to be written\n",
    "time.sleep(5)\n"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now lets return the result as an Arrow table. We can recreate he same aggregation we did on server side with the pyarrow library. the `mode='all'` parameter tells InfluxDB to return all data within the query result as a Arrow table. We can then use the `to_pandas()` method to convert the Arrow table to a Pandas DataFrame."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "pyarrow.Table\n",
      "iox::measurement: string not null\n",
      "time: timestamp[ns] not null\n",
      "attack: int64\n",
      "defense: int64\n",
      "hp: int64\n",
      "id: string\n",
      "level: int64\n",
      "name: string\n",
      "num: string\n",
      "speed: int64\n",
      "trainer: string\n",
      "type1: string\n",
      "type2: string\n",
      "----\n",
      "iox::measurement: [[\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",...,\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\"],[\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",...,\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\",\"kanto\"]]\n",
      "time: [[2023-07-27 09:48:38.242000000,2023-07-27 09:48:38.242000000,2023-07-27 09:48:38.242000000,2023-07-27 09:48:38.242000000,2023-07-27 09:48:38.242000000,...,2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000],[2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:38:38.242000000,...,2023-07-27 10:48:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:48:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:48:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:48:38.242000000,2023-07-27 10:48:38.242000000]]\n",
      "attack: [[82,82,100,64,64,...,60,85,85,100,100],[47,72,45,41,41,...,64,64,134,134,110]]\n",
      "defense: [[83,83,123,58,58,...,44,69,69,110,110],[52,57,48,40,40,...,45,45,95,95,90]]\n",
      "hp: [[80,80,80,58,58,...,35,60,60,75,75],[55,61,70,38,38,...,41,41,91,91,106]]\n",
      "id: [[\"0003\",\"0003\",\"0003\",\"0005\",\"0005\",...,\"0023\",\"0024\",\"0024\",\"0028\",\"0028\"],[\"0029\",\"0033\",\"0035\",\"0037\",\"0037\",...,\"0147\",\"0147\",\"0149\",\"0149\",\"0150\"]]\n",
      "level: [[9,9,18,18,12,...,15,5,8,15,5],[11,15,10,16,19,...,10,11,16,6,17]]\n",
      "name: [[\"Venusaur\",\"Venusaur\",\"VenusaurMega Venusaur\",\"Charmeleon\",\"Charmeleon\",...,\"Ekans\",\"Arbok\",\"Arbok\",\"Sandslash\",\"Sandslash\"],[\"Nidoran♀\",\"Nidorino\",\"Clefairy\",\"Vulpix\",\"Vulpix\",...,\"Dratini\",\"Dratini\",\"Dragonite\",\"Dragonite\",\"Mewtwo\"]]\n",
      "num: [[\"4\",\"6\",\"8\",\"11\",\"3\",...,\"12\",\"6\",\"7\",\"7\",\"7\"],[\"8\",\"6\",\"16\",\"1\",\"10\",...,\"1\",\"3\",\"3\",\"5\",\"11\"]]\n",
      "speed: [[80,80,80,80,80,...,55,80,80,65,65],[41,65,35,65,65,...,50,50,80,80,130]]\n",
      "...\n"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "table = client.query(query='''SELECT * FROM kanto ORDER BY time''', language='influxql', mode='all')\n",
    "print(table)\n",
    "\n",
    "# PyArrow Aggregation\n",
    "aggregation = table.group_by([\"trainer\", \"type1\"]).aggregate([(\"name\", \"count\")]).to_pandas()\n",
    "fig3 = px.bar(aggregation, x=\"trainer\", y=\"name_count\", color='type1', barmode= 'group', title='Number of Pokémon caught in the last hour grouped by type')\n",
    "fig3.show()"
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  },
  {
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   "source": [
    "### Saving to file\n",
    "We can also save our query results to file. This is useful if we want to save our data for later use. We can save our data in a number of formats including CSV, JSON, Parquet and Apache Arrow. Lets save our data as a parquet file."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pyarrow.parquet as pq\n",
    "\n",
    "# Write the table to a parquet file\n",
    "pq.write_table(table, 'kanto.parquet')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Uploading a file to InfluxDB\n",
    "This allows to show show off another feature of the InfluxDB 3.0 Python Client. We can parse our file directly to InfluxDB. This is useful if we want to upload data from a local file. Lets upload our parquet file to InfluxDB."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n",
      "Written batch: ('pokemon-codex', '6a841c0c08328fb1', 'ns')\n"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "client.write_file('kanto.parquet', measurement_name='kanto2', database='pokemon-codex', timestamp_column='time', tag_columns=['trainer', 'id', 'num'])\n",
    "time.sleep(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Group by time query\n",
    "Finally lets run a group by time query to get the number of pokemon caught by each trainer over the last hour grouped into 10 minute intervals. We will then use Plotly to visualise this data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
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           "bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
           "caxis": {
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            "linecolor": "white",
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          },
          "title": {
           "x": 0.05
          },
          "xaxis": {
           "automargin": true,
           "gridcolor": "white",
           "linecolor": "white",
           "ticks": "",
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           "zerolinewidth": 2
          },
          "yaxis": {
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        },
        "title": {
         "text": "Number of Pokémon caught in the last hour grouped by trainer and time"
        },
        "xaxis": {
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     },
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   ],
   "source": [
    "query='''SELECT count(\"name\") FROM kanto2 WHERE time > now() - 1h GROUP BY time(10m),trainer'''\n",
    "table = client.query(query=query, language='influxql', mode='all')\n",
    "\n",
    "fig4 = px.line(table, x=\"time\", y=\"count\", color='trainer', title='Number of Pokémon caught in the last hour grouped by trainer and time')\n",
    "fig4.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Conclusion\n",
    "We have now covered the basics of the InfluxDB 3.0 Python Client. I hope you found this novel cook book informative and fun. If you have any questions, bugs or feature requests please raise an issue on the [GitHub repo](https://github.com/InfluxCommunity/influxdb3-python/issues)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "<p align=\"center\">\n",
    "<img height=\"100\", width=\"100\" src=\"https://i.pinimg.com/originals/18/15/44/181544facabe62d30c52e94b369f0f3a.png\">\n",
    "</p>"
   ]
  }
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