ftplib
pair: FTP; protocol single: FTP; ftplib (standard module)
This module defines the class FTP
and a few related items. The FTP
class implements the client side of the FTP protocol. You can use this to write Python programs that perform a variety of automated FTP jobs, such as mirroring other ftp servers. It is also used by the module urllib
to handle URLs that use FTP. For more information on FTP (File Transfer Protocol), see Internet 959
.
Here's a sample session using the ftplib
module:
>>> from ftplib import FTP
>>> ftp = FTP('ftp.cwi.nl') # connect to host, default port
>>> ftp.login() # user anonymous, passwd anonymous@
>>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents
total 24418
drwxrwsr-x 5 ftp-usr pdmaint 1536 Mar 20 09:48 .
dr-xr-srwt 105 ftp-usr pdmaint 1536 Mar 21 14:32 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 ftp-usr pdmaint 5305 Mar 20 09:48 INDEX
.
.
.
>>> ftp.retrbinary('RETR README', open('README', 'wb').write)
'226 Transfer complete.'
>>> ftp.quit()
The module defines the following items:
Return a new instance of the FTP
class. When host is given, the method call connect(host)
is made. When user is given, additionally the method call login(user, passwd, acct)
is made (where passwd and acct default to the empty string when not given). The optional timeout parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking operations like the connection attempt (if is not specified, the global default timeout setting will be used).
2.6 timeout was added.
A FTP
subclass which adds TLS support to FTP as described in 4217
. Connect as usual to port 21 implicitly securing the FTP control connection before authenticating. Securing the data connection requires the user to explicitly ask for it by calling the prot_p
method. keyfile and certfile are optional -- they can contain a PEM formatted private key and certificate chain file name for the SSL connection.
2.7
Here's a sample session using the FTP_TLS
class:
>>> from ftplib import FTP_TLS >>> ftps = FTP_TLS('ftp.python.org') >>> ftps.login() # login anonymously before securing control channel >>> ftps.prot_p() # switch to secure data connection >>> ftps.retrlines('LIST') # list directory content securely total 9 drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 . drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 etc d-wxrwxr-x 2 ftp wheel 1024 Sep 5 13:43 incoming drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Nov 17 1993 lib drwxr-xr-x 6 1094 wheel 1024 Sep 13 19:07 pub drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 usr -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 312 Aug 1 1994 welcome.msg '226 Transfer complete.' >>> ftps.quit() >>>
error_reply
Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server.
error_temp
Exception raised when an error code signifying a temporary error (response codes in the range 400--499) is received.
error_perm
Exception raised when an error code signifying a permanent error (response codes in the range 500--599) is received.
error_proto
Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does not fit the response specifications of the File Transfer Protocol, i.e. begin with a digit in the range 1--5.
all_errors
The set of all exceptions (as a tuple) that methods of FTP
instances may raise as a result of problems with the FTP connection (as opposed to programming errors made by the caller). This set includes the four exceptions listed above as well as socket.error
and IOError
.
- Module
netrc
Parser for the
.netrc
file format. The file.netrc
is typically used by FTP clients to load user authentication information before prompting the user.
single: ftpmirror.py
The file Tools/scripts/ftpmirror.py
in the Python source distribution is a script that can mirror FTP sites, or portions thereof, using the ftplib
module. It can be used as an extended example that applies this module.
Several methods are available in two flavors: one for handling text files and another for binary files. These are named for the command which is used followed by lines
for the text version or binary
for the binary version.
FTP
instances have the following methods:
FTP.set_debuglevel(level)
Set the instance's debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging output printed. The default, 0
, produces no debugging output. A value of 1
produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line per request. A value of 2
or higher produces the maximum amount of debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.
FTP.connect(host[, port[, timeout]])
Connect to the given host and port. The default port number is 21
, as specified by the FTP protocol specification. It is rarely needed to specify a different port number. This function should be called only once for each instance; it should not be called at all if a host was given when the instance was created. All other methods can only be used after a connection has been made.
The optional timeout parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the connection attempt. If no timeout is passed, the global default timeout setting will be used.
2.6 timeout was added.
FTP.getwelcome()
Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information that may be relevant to the user.)
FTP.login([user[, passwd[, acct]]])
Log in as the given user. The passwd and acct parameters are optional and default to the empty string. If no user is specified, it defaults to 'anonymous'
. If user is 'anonymous'
, the default passwd is 'anonymous@'
. This function should be called only once for each instance, after a connection has been established; it should not be called at all if a host and user were given when the instance was created. Most FTP commands are only allowed after the client has logged in. The acct parameter supplies "accounting information"; few systems implement this.
FTP.abort()
Abort a file transfer that is in progress. Using this does not always work, but it's worth a try.
FTP.sendcmd(command)
Send a simple command string to the server and return the response string.
FTP.voidcmd(command)
Send a simple command string to the server and handle the response. Return nothing if a response code corresponding to success (codes in the range 200--299) is received. Raise error_reply
otherwise.
FTP.retrbinary(command, callback[, maxblocksize[, rest]])
Retrieve a file in binary transfer mode. command should be an appropriate RETR
command: 'RETR filename'
. The callback function is called for each block of data received, with a single string argument giving the data block. The optional maxblocksize argument specifies the maximum chunk size to read on the low-level socket object created to do the actual transfer (which will also be the largest size of the data blocks passed to callback). A reasonable default is chosen. rest means the same thing as in the transfercmd
method.
FTP.retrlines(command[, callback])
Retrieve a file or directory listing in ASCII transfer mode. command should be an appropriate RETR
command (see retrbinary
) or a command such as LIST
, NLST
or MLSD
(usually just the string 'LIST'
). LIST
retrieves a list of files and information about those files. NLST
retrieves a list of file names. On some servers, MLSD
retrieves a machine readable list of files and information about those files. The callback function is called for each line with a string argument containing the line with the trailing CRLF stripped. The default callback prints the line to sys.stdout
.
FTP.set_pasv(boolean)
Enable "passive" mode if boolean is true, other disable passive mode. (In Python 2.0 and before, passive mode was off by default; in Python 2.1 and later, it is on by default.)
FTP.storbinary(command, file[, blocksize, callback, rest])
Store a file in binary transfer mode. command should be an appropriate STOR
command: "STOR filename"
. file is an open file object which is read until EOF using its read
method in blocks of size blocksize to provide the data to be stored. The blocksize argument defaults to 8192. callback is an optional single parameter callable that is called on each block of data after it is sent. rest means the same thing as in the transfercmd
method.
2.1 default for blocksize added.
2.6 callback parameter added.
2.7 rest parameter added.
FTP.storlines(command, file[, callback])
Store a file in ASCII transfer mode. command should be an appropriate STOR
command (see storbinary
). Lines are read until EOF from the open file object file using its readline
method to provide the data to be stored. callback is an optional single parameter callable that is called on each line after it is sent.
2.6 callback parameter added.
FTP.transfercmd(cmd[, rest])
Initiate a transfer over the data connection. If the transfer is active, send a EPRT
or PORT
command and the transfer command specified by cmd, and accept the connection. If the server is passive, send a EPSV
or PASV
command, connect to it, and start the transfer command. Either way, return the socket for the connection.
If optional rest is given, a REST
command is sent to the server, passing rest as an argument. rest is usually a byte offset into the requested file, telling the server to restart sending the file's bytes at the requested offset, skipping over the initial bytes. Note however that RFC 959 requires only that rest be a string containing characters in the printable range from ASCII code 33 to ASCII code 126. The transfercmd
method, therefore, converts rest to a string, but no check is performed on the string's contents. If the server does not recognize the REST
command, an error_reply
exception will be raised. If this happens, simply call transfercmd
without a rest argument.
FTP.ntransfercmd(cmd[, rest])
Like transfercmd
, but returns a tuple of the data connection and the expected size of the data. If the expected size could not be computed, None
will be returned as the expected size. cmd and rest means the same thing as in transfercmd
.
FTP.nlst(argument[, ...])
Return a list of file names as returned by the NLST
command. The optional argument is a directory to list (default is the current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to the NLST
command.
FTP.dir(argument[, ...])
Produce a directory listing as returned by the LIST
command, printing it to standard output. The optional argument is a directory to list (default is the current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to the LIST
command. If the last argument is a function, it is used as a callback function as for retrlines
; the default prints to sys.stdout
. This method returns None
.
FTP.rename(fromname, toname)
Rename file fromname on the server to toname.
FTP.delete(filename)
Remove the file named filename from the server. If successful, returns the text of the response, otherwise raises error_perm
on permission errors or error_reply
on other errors.
FTP.cwd(pathname)
Set the current directory on the server.
FTP.mkd(pathname)
Create a new directory on the server.
FTP.pwd()
Return the pathname of the current directory on the server.
FTP.rmd(dirname)
Remove the directory named dirname on the server.
FTP.size(filename)
Request the size of the file named filename on the server. On success, the size of the file is returned as an integer, otherwise None
is returned. Note that the SIZE
command is not standardized, but is supported by many common server implementations.
FTP.quit()
Send a QUIT
command to the server and close the connection. This is the "polite" way to close a connection, but it may raise an exception if the server responds with an error to the QUIT
command. This implies a call to the close
method which renders the FTP
instance useless for subsequent calls (see below).
FTP.close()
Close the connection unilaterally. This should not be applied to an already closed connection such as after a successful call to quit
. After this call the FTP
instance should not be used any more (after a call to close
or quit
you cannot reopen the connection by issuing another login
method).
FTP_TLS
class inherits from FTP
, defining these additional objects:
FTP_TLS.ssl_version
The SSL version to use (defaults to TLSv1).
FTP_TLS.auth()
Set up secure control connection by using TLS or SSL, depending on what specified in ssl_version
attribute.
FTP_TLS.prot_p()
Set up secure data connection.
FTP_TLS.prot_c()
Set up clear text data connection.