Web Scrapping.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Data Scraping using Beautiful Soup¶\n",
    "* Import Beautiful Soup\n",
    "* Make a GET request to fetch Page Data\n",
    "* Parse HTML\n",
    "* Filter Relvant parts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import bs4\n",
    "from urllib.request import urlopen\n",
    "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b'\\n<!DOCTYPE html>\\n<html class=\"client-nojs\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\\n<head>\\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\"/>\\n<title>Android version history - Wikipedia</title>\\n<script>document.documentElement.className=\"client-js\";RLCONF={\"wgBreakFrames\":!1,\"wgSeparatorTransformTable\":[\"\",\"\"],\"wgDigitTransformTable\":[\"\",\"\"],\"wgDefaultDateFormat\":\"dmy\",\"wgMonthNames\":[\"\",\"January\",\"February\",\"March\",\"April\",\"May\",\"June\",\"July\",\"August\",\"September\",\"October\",\"November\",\"December\"],\"wgRequestId\":\"0b4912c2-ab9f-48b7-ba11-26cc23cb45fd\",\"wgCSPNonce\":!1,\"wgCanonicalNamespace\":\"\",\"wgCanonicalSpecialPageName\":!1,\"wgNamespaceNumber\":0,\"wgPageName\":\"Android_version_history\",\"wgTitle\":\"Android version history\",\"wgCurRevisionId\":962159598,\"wgRevisionId\":962159598,\"wgArticleId\":30752816,\"wgIsArticle\":!0,\"wgIsRedirect\":!1,\"wgAction\":\"view\",\"wgUserName\":null,\"wgUserGroups\":[\"*\"],\"wgCategories\":[\"Articles with 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rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%2Cicons%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector\"/>\\n<script async=\"\" src=\"/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector\"></script>\\n<meta name=\"ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles\" content=\"\"/>\\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector\"/>\\n<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"MediaWiki 1.35.0-wmf.36\"/>\\n<meta name=\"referrer\" content=\"origin\"/>\\n<meta name=\"referrer\" content=\"origin-when-crossorigin\"/>\\n<meta name=\"referrer\" content=\"origin-when-cross-origin\"/>\\n<link rel=\"alternate\" type=\"application/x-wiki\" title=\"Edit this page\" href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit\"/>\\n<link rel=\"edit\" title=\"Edit this page\" href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit\"/>\\n<link rel=\"apple-touch-icon\" href=\"/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png\"/>\\n<link rel=\"shortcut icon\" href=\"/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico\"/>\\n<link rel=\"search\" type=\"application/opensearchdescription+xml\" href=\"/w/opensearch_desc.php\" title=\"Wikipedia (en)\"/>\\n<link rel=\"EditURI\" type=\"application/rsd+xml\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd\"/>\\n<link rel=\"license\" href=\"//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/\"/>\\n<link rel=\"alternate\" type=\"application/atom+xml\" title=\"Wikipedia Atom feed\" href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom\"/>\\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history\"/>\\n<link rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"//login.wikimedia.org\"/>\\n<link rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"//meta.wikimedia.org\" />\\n<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src=\"/w/resources/lib/html5shiv/html5shiv.js\"></script><![endif]-->\\n</head>\\n<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Android_version_history rootpage-Android_version_history skin-vector action-view skin-vector-legacy\">\\n<div id=\"mw-page-base\" class=\"noprint\"></div>\\n<div id=\"mw-head-base\" class=\"noprint\"></div>\\n<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\\n\\t<a id=\"top\"></a>\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"siteNotice\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>\\n\\t<div class=\"mw-indicators mw-body-content\">\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\">Android version history</h1>\\n\\t\\n\\t<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><div id=\"mw-fr-revisiontag\" class=\"flaggedrevs_short flaggedrevs_stable_synced plainlinks noprint\"><div class=\"flaggedrevs_short_basic\"><span aria-disabled=\\'false\\' title=\\'Changes must be reviewed before being displayed on this page.\\' class=\\'flaggedrevs-icon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-articleSearch oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget\\'></span><span id=\\'mw-fr-revisiontoggle\\' aria-disabled=\\'false\\' title=\\'show/hide details\\' class=\\'fr-toggle-arrow oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-indicatorWidget\\'></span></div>\\n<div id=\"mw-fr-revisiondetails-wrapper\" style=\"position:relative;\"><div id=\"mw-fr-revisiondetails\" class=\"flaggedrevs_short_details\" style=\"display:none\">This is the <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes\" title=\"Wikipedia:Pending changes\">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;type=review&amp;page=Android_version_history\">reviewed</a> on <i>12 June 2020</i>.</div>\\n</div>\\n</div>\\n</div>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"jump-to-nav\"></div>\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"#mw-head\">Jump to navigation</a>\\n\\t\\t<a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"#p-search\">Jump to search</a>\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Wikipedia list</div>\\n<p>\\nThe <b>version history of the <a href=\"/wiki/Android_(operating_system)\" title=\"Android (operating system)\">Android</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Mobile_operating_system\" title=\"Mobile operating system\">mobile operating system</a></b> began with the public release of the Android <a href=\"/wiki/Beta_(software)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Beta (software)\">beta</a> on November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on September 23, 2008. Android is continually developed by <a href=\"/wiki/Google\" title=\"Google\">Google</a> and the <a href=\"/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliance\" title=\"Open Handset Alliance\">Open Handset Alliance</a> (OHA), and it has seen several <a href=\"/wiki/Patch_(computing)\" title=\"Patch (computing)\">updates</a> to its base operating system since the initial release.\\n</p>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886046785\">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class=\"toclimit-3\"><div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\" /><div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contents</h2><span class=\"toctogglespan\"><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"></label></span></div>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Overview\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Overview</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Version_history_by_API_level\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Version history by API level</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_1.0_(API_1)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 1.0 (API 1)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_1.1_(API_2)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 1.1 (API 2)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_1.5_Cupcake_(API_3)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.3</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_1.6_Donut_(API_4)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.4</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_2.0_Eclair_(API_5)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.5</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_2.0.1_Eclair_(API_6)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.5.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_2.1_Eclair_(API_7)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.5.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_2.2_Froyo_(API_8)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.6</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 2.2 Froyo (API 8)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_2.3_Gingerbread_(API_9)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.7</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9)</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_2.3.3_Gingerbread_(API_10)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.7.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_3.0_Honeycomb_(API_11)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.8</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11)</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_3.1_Honeycomb_(API_12)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.8.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_3.2_Honeycomb_(API_13)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.8.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_4.0_Ice_Cream_Sandwich_(API_14)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.9</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_4.0.3_Ice_Cream_Sandwich_(API_15)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.9.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 15)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_4.1_Jelly_Bean_(API_16)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.10</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16)</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_4.2_Jelly_Bean_(API_17)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.10.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_4.3_Jelly_Bean_(API_18)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.10.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API 18)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_4.4_KitKat_(API_19)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.11</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 4.4 KitKat (API 19)</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_4.4W_KitKat,_with_wearable_extensions_(API_20)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.11.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions (API 20)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_5.0_Lollipop_(API_21)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.12</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_5.1_Lollipop_(API_22)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.12.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_6.0_Marshmallow_(API_23)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.13</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_7.0_Nougat_(API_24)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.14</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24)</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_7.1_Nougat_(API_25)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.14.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 7.1 Nougat (API 25)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_8.0_Oreo_(API_26)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.15</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26)</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3\"><a href=\"#Android_8.1.0_Oreo_(API_27)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.15.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 8.1.0 Oreo (API 27)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_9_Pie_(API_28)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.16</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 9 Pie (API 28)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_10_(API_29)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.17</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 10 (API 29)</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2\"><a href=\"#Android_11_(API_30)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.18</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Android 11 (API 30)</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Hardware_requirements\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Hardware requirements</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#See_also\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4</span> <span class=\"toctext\">See also</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Notes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Notes</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6</span> <span class=\"toctext\">References</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#External_links\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7</span> <span class=\"toctext\">External links</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</div>\\n</div>\\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"></div>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Overview\">Overview</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Overview\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Android_software_development\" title=\"Android software development\">Android software development</a></div>\\n<p>The development of Android started in 2003 by Android, Inc., which was purchased by Google in 2005.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the OHA before the beta version was released.<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> The <a href=\"/wiki/Beta_(software)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Beta (software)\">beta</a> was released on November 5, 2007,<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> while the <a href=\"/wiki/Software_development_kit\" title=\"Software development kit\">software development kit</a> (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> Several public beta versions of the SDK were released.<sup id=\"cite_ref-sdk-archives_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-sdk-archives-7\">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> These releases were done through software emulation as physical devices did not exist to test the operating system.\\n</p><p>The first public release of Android 1.0 occurred with the release of the T-Mobile G1 (aka HTC Dream) in October 2008.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> Android 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific <a href=\"/wiki/Code_name\" title=\"Code name\">code names</a>. The code names \"Astro Boy\" and \"Bender\" were tagged internally on some of the early pre-1.0 milestone builds and were never used as the actual code names of the 1.0 and 1.1 releases of the OS.<sup id=\"cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unofficial_and_official_codenames-9\">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> \\n</p><p>The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived using a confectionery-themed naming scheme for public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake. Google announced in August 2019 they were ending the confectionery theming scheme and use numerical ordering for future versions.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> The first release under the numerical order format was <a href=\"/wiki/Android_10\" title=\"Android 10\">Android 10</a>, which was released the following month.\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th>Name\\n</th>\\n<th>Version number(s)\\n</th>\\n<th>Initial release date\\n</th>\\n<th>Latest release\\n</th>\\n<th>API level\\n</th>\\n<th>References\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td rowspan=\"2\">No codename\\n</td>\\n<td>1.0\\n</td>\\n<td>September 23, 2008\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n</td>\\n<td>1\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unofficial_and_official_codenames-9\">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td>1.1\\n</td>\\n<td>February 9, 2009\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n</td>\\n<td>2\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unofficial_and_official_codenames-9\">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Cupcake\" title=\"Android Cupcake\">Cupcake</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1.5\\n</td>\\n<td>April 27, 2009\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n</td>\\n<td>3\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Donut\" title=\"Android Donut\">Donut</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>1.6\\n</td>\\n<td>September 15, 2009\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n</td>\\n<td>4\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Eclair\" title=\"Android Eclair\">Eclair</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>2.0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 2.1\\n</td>\\n<td>October 26, 2009\\n</td>\\n<td>January 12, 2010\\n</td>\\n<td>5 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 7\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Froyo\" title=\"Android Froyo\">Froyo</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>2.2 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 2.2.3\\n</td>\\n<td>May 20, 2010\\n</td>\\n<td>November 21, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>8\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Gingerbread\" title=\"Android Gingerbread\">Gingerbread</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>2.3 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 2.3.7\\n</td>\\n<td>December 6, 2010\\n</td>\\n<td>September 21, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>9 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 10\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Honeycomb\" title=\"Android Honeycomb\">Honeycomb</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>3.0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 3.2.6\\n</td>\\n<td>February 22, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>February 15, 2014\\n</td>\\n<td>11 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 13\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich\" title=\"Android Ice Cream Sandwich\">Ice Cream Sandwich</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>4.0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 4.0.4\\n</td>\\n<td>October 18, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>June 6, 2012\\n</td>\\n<td>14 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 15\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean\" title=\"Android Jelly Bean\">Jelly Bean</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>4.1 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 4.3.1\\n</td>\\n<td>July 9, 2012\\n</td>\\n<td>October 7, 2013\\n</td>\\n<td>16 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 18\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_KitKat\" title=\"Android KitKat\">KitKat</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>4.4 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 4.4.4\\n</td>\\n<td>October 31, 2013\\n</td>\\n<td>July 7, 2014\\n</td>\\n<td>19 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 20\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Lollipop\" title=\"Android Lollipop\">Lollipop</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>5.0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 5.1.1\\n</td>\\n<td>November 12, 2014\\n</td>\\n<td>April 21, 2015\\n</td>\\n<td>21 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 22\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Marshmallow\" title=\"Android Marshmallow\">Marshmallow</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>6.0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 6.0.1\\n</td>\\n<td>October 5, 2015\\n</td>\\n<td>October 3, 2017\\n</td>\\n<td>23\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Nougat\" title=\"Android Nougat\">Nougat</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>7.0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 7.1.2\\n</td>\\n<td>August 22, 2016\\n</td>\\n<td>August 5, 2019\\n</td>\\n<td>24 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 25\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Oreo\" title=\"Android Oreo\">Oreo</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>8.0 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 8.1\\n</td>\\n<td>August 21, 2017\\n</td>\\n<td>June 1, 2020\\n</td>\\n<td>26 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 27\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Pie\" title=\"Android Pie\">Pie</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>9.0\\n</td>\\n<td>August 6, 2018\\n</td>\\n<td>June 1, 2020\\n</td>\\n<td>28\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_10\" title=\"Android 10\">Android 10</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>10.0\\n</td>\\n<td>September 3, 2019\\n</td>\\n<td>June 1, 2020\\n</td>\\n<td>29\\n</td>\\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_11\" title=\"Android 11\">Android 11</a>\\n</td>\\n<td>11.0\\n</td>\\n<td>TBD\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Version_history_by_API_level\">Version history by API level</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Version history by API level\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<p>The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official <a href=\"/wiki/Application_programming_interface\" title=\"Application programming interface\">application programming interface</a> (API) levels.\\n<span id=\"Android_1.0\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"3\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_1.0_.28API_1.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_1.0_(API_1)\">Android 1.0 (API 1)</span></h3>\\n</div>Android 1.0 (API 1)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"3\">Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.<sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup> The first commercially available Android device was the <a href=\"/wiki/HTC_Dream\" title=\"HTC Dream\">HTC Dream</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-HTC_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HTC-30\">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup> Android 1.0 incorporated the following features:\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>1.0\\n</td>\\n<td>September 23, 2008\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Market\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android Market\">Android Market</a> allowed application downloads and updates through the Market application.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Web_browser\" title=\"Web browser\">Web browser</a> to show, zoom and pan full <a href=\"/wiki/HTML\" title=\"HTML\">HTML</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/XHTML\" title=\"XHTML\">XHTML</a> web pages \\xe2\\x80\\x93 multiple pages show as windows (\"cards\").<sup id=\"cite_ref-Engadget_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Engadget-31\">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0-32\">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Camera support \\xe2\\x80\\x93 however, this version lacked the option to change the camera\\'s resolution, white balance, quality, etc.<sup id=\"cite_ref-T-Mobile_G1_Google_Android_Phone_33-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-T-Mobile_G1_Google_Android_Phone-33\">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.<sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-34\">&#91;34&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Access to web email servers, supporting <a href=\"/wiki/POP3\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"POP3\">POP3</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/IMAP4\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"IMAP4\">IMAP4</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/SMTP\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"SMTP\">SMTP</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0_32-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0-32\">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gmail\" title=\"Gmail\">Gmail</a> synchronization with the Gmail application.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Contacts\" title=\"Google Contacts\">Google Contacts</a> synchronization with the People application.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Calendar\" title=\"Google Calendar\">Google Calendar</a> synchronization with the Calendar application.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Maps\" title=\"Google Maps\">Google Maps</a> with <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Street_View\" title=\"Google Street View\">Street View</a> to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local businesses and obtain driving directions using <a href=\"/wiki/GPS\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"GPS\">GPS</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-T-Mobile_G1_Google_Android_Phone_33-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-T-Mobile_G1_Google_Android_Phone-33\">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Sync\" title=\"Google Sync\">Google Sync</a>, allowing management of over-the-air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Search\" title=\"Google Search\">Google Search</a>, allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Talk\" title=\"Google Talk\">Google Talk</a> instant messaging.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Instant_messaging\" title=\"Instant messaging\">Instant messaging</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Text_messaging\" title=\"Text messaging\">text messaging</a>, and MMS.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Media_player_(application_software)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Media player (application software)\">Media Player</a>, enabling management, importing, and playback of media files \\xe2\\x80\\x93 however, this version lacked video and stereo <a href=\"/wiki/Bluetooth\" title=\"Bluetooth\">Bluetooth</a> support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0_32-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0-32\">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-T-Mobile_G1_Google_Android_Phone_33-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-T-Mobile_G1_Google_Android_Phone-33\">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Engadget_31-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Engadget-31\">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0_32-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0-32\">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-35\">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0_32-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Release_features_\\xe2\\x80\\x93_Android_1.0-32\">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/YouTube\" title=\"YouTube\">YouTube</a> video player.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android_for_Dummies_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android_for_Dummies-36\">&#91;36&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wi-Fi\" title=\"Wi-Fi\">Wi-Fi</a> and Bluetooth support.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Android_1.1\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"3\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_1.1_.28API_2.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_1.1_(API_2)\">Android 1.1 (API 2)</span></h3>\\n</div>Android 1.1 (API 2)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"3\">On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as \"<a href=\"/wiki/Petit_four\" title=\"Petit four\">Petit Four</a>\" internally, though this name was not used officially.<sup id=\"cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unofficial_and_official_codenames-9\">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-37\">&#91;37&#93;</a></sup> The update resolved bugs, changed the Android <a href=\"/wiki/Application_programming_interface\" title=\"Application programming interface\">API</a> and added a number of features:<sup id=\"cite_ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-38\">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>1.1\\n</td>\\n<td>February 9, 2009\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps.</li>\\n<li>Longer in-call screen timeout by default when using the speakerphone, plus the ability to show/hide the dialpad.</li>\\n<li>Ability to save attachments in messages.</li>\\n<li>Support added for marquee in system layouts.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Android_1.5\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_1.5_Cupcake_.28API_3.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_1.5_Cupcake_(API_3)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Cupcake\" title=\"Android Cupcake\">Android 1.5 Cupcake</a> (API 3)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Cupcake\" title=\"Android Cupcake\">Android 1.5 Cupcake</a> (API 3)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on <a href=\"/wiki/Linux_kernel\" title=\"Linux kernel\">Linux kernel</a> 2.6.27.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cupcake-is-here_39-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cupcake-is-here-39\">&#91;39&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-40\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-40\">&#91;40&#93;</a></sup> This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item (\"Cupcake\"), a theme used for all releases until <a href=\"/wiki/Android_9_Pie\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android 9 Pie\">Android Pie</a>, with <a href=\"/wiki/Android_10\" title=\"Android 10\">Android 10</a> using a number-only system. The update included several new features and UI amendments:<sup id=\"cite_ref-cupcake-highlights_41-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cupcake-highlights-41\">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>1.5\\n</td>\\n<td>April 27, 2009<sup id=\"cite_ref-cupcake-is-here_39-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cupcake-is-here-39\">&#91;39&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and a user dictionary for custom words.</li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/Widget_engine\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Widget engine\">Widgets</a> \\xe2\\x80\\x93 miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates.<sup id=\"cite_ref-42\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-42\">&#91;42&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Video recording and playback in <a href=\"/wiki/MPEG-4\" title=\"MPEG-4\">MPEG-4</a> and 3GP formats.</li>\\n<li>Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles).</li>\\n<li>Copy and paste features in web browser.</li>\\n<li>User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts.</li>\\n<li>Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from a call log event.</li>\\n<li>Animated screen transitions.</li>\\n<li>Auto-rotation option.</li>\\n<li>New stock boot animation.</li>\\n<li>Ability to upload videos to YouTube.</li>\\n<li>Ability to upload photos to <a href=\"/wiki/Picasa\" title=\"Picasa\">Picasa</a>.</li>\\n<li>Ability to check phone usage history.<sup id=\"cite_ref-43\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-43\">&#91;43&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_Cupcake_home_screen.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android Cupcake home screen.jpg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Android_Cupcake_home_screen.jpg/230px-Android_Cupcake_home_screen.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Android_Cupcake_home_screen.jpg 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"320\" data-file-height=\"480\" /></a><br />Android&#160;1.5 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_1.6_Donut_.28API_4.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_1.6_Donut_(API_4)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Donut\" title=\"Android Donut\">Android 1.6 Donut</a> (API 4)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Donut\" title=\"Android Donut\">Android 1.6 Donut</a> (API 4)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 dubbed Donut \\xe2\\x80\\x93 was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Word-highlights_44-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Word-highlights-44\">&#91;44&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Word-is-here_45-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Word-is-here-45\">&#91;45&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-46\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-46\">&#91;46&#93;</a></sup> Included in the update were numerous new features:<sup id=\"cite_ref-Word-highlights_44-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Word-highlights-44\">&#91;44&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>1.6\\n</td>\\n<td>September 15, 2009<sup id=\"cite_ref-Word-is-here_45-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Word-is-here-45\">&#91;45&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web.</li>\\n<li>Ability for developers to include their content in search results.</li>\\n<li>Multi-lingual <a href=\"/wiki/Speech_synthesis\" title=\"Speech synthesis\">speech synthesis</a> engine to allow any Android application to \"speak\" a string of text.</li>\\n<li>Easier searching and the ability to view app screenshots in Android Market.</li>\\n<li>Gallery, Camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access.</li>\\n<li>Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion.</li>\\n<li>Updated technology support for <a href=\"/wiki/IS-95\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"IS-95\">CDMA</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized\" title=\"Evolution-Data Optimized\">EVDO</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/IEEE_802.1X\" title=\"IEEE 802.1X\">802.1x</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Virtual_private_network\" title=\"Virtual private network\">VPNs</a>, and a text-to-speech engine.</li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/Wide_VGA\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Wide VGA\">WVGA</a> screen resolutions.</li>\\n<li>Speed improvements in searching and camera applications.</li>\\n<li>Expanded Gesture framework and a new GestureBuilder development tool.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_1.6_on_the_Android_SDK.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android 1.6 on the Android SDK.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Android_1.6_on_the_Android_SDK.png/230px-Android_1.6_on_the_Android_SDK.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Android_1.6_on_the_Android_SDK.png 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"320\" data-file-height=\"480\" /></a><br />Android&#160;1.6 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_2.0_Eclair_.28API_5.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_2.0_Eclair_(API_5)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Eclair\" title=\"Android Eclair\">Android 2.0 Eclair</a> (API 5)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Eclair\" title=\"Android Eclair\">Android 2.0 Eclair</a> (API 5)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">On October 26, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89clair\" title=\"\\xc3\\x89clair\">Eclair</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-47\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-47\">&#91;47&#93;</a></sup> Changes include the ones listed below.<sup id=\"cite_ref-eclair-highlights_48-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-eclair-highlights-48\">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.0\\n</td>\\n<td>October 26, 2009\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of an email and contacts.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Server\" title=\"Microsoft Exchange Server\">Microsoft Exchange</a> email support, with a combined inbox to browse an email from multiple accounts in one page.</li>\\n<li>Bluetooth 2.1 support.</li>\\n<li>Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person.</li>\\n<li>Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with the added ability to delete the oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached.</li>\\n<li>Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus.</li>\\n<li>Improved typing speed on a virtual keyboard, with a smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions.</li>\\n<li>Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for <a href=\"/wiki/HTML5\" title=\"HTML5\">HTML5</a>.</li>\\n<li>Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and the ability to invite new guests to events.</li>\\n<li>Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI.</li>\\n<li>Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio.</li>\\n<li>Improved <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Maps\" title=\"Google Maps\">Google Maps</a> 3.1.2.</li>\\n<li>MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events.<sup id=\"cite_ref-49\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-49\">&#91;49&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android-2.0.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android-2.0.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Android-2.0.png/255px-Android-2.0.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"255\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Android-2.0.png 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"320\" data-file-height=\"480\" /></a><br />Android 2.0 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_2.0.1_Eclair_.28API_6.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_2.0.1_Eclair_(API_6)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Eclair\" title=\"Android Eclair\">Android 2.0.1 Eclair</a> (API 6)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Eclair\" title=\"Android Eclair\">Android 2.0.1 Eclair</a> (API 6)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.0.1\\n</td>\\n<td>December 3, 2009<sup id=\"cite_ref-2.0.1_SDK_50-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2.0.1_SDK-50\">&#91;50&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_2.1_Eclair_.28API_7.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_2.1_Eclair_(API_7)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Eclair\" title=\"Android Eclair\">Android 2.1 Eclair</a> (API 7)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Eclair\" title=\"Android Eclair\">Android 2.1 Eclair</a> (API 7)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.1\\n</td>\\n<td>January 12, 2010<sup id=\"cite_ref-2.1_SDK_51-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2.1_SDK-51\">&#91;51&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Minor amendments to the API and bug fixes.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Nexus_one_home_screen_21.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Nexus one home screen 21.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Nexus_one_home_screen_21.png/230px-Nexus_one_home_screen_21.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Nexus_one_home_screen_21.png/345px-Nexus_one_home_screen_21.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Nexus_one_home_screen_21.png/459px-Nexus_one_home_screen_21.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"480\" data-file-height=\"800\" /></a><br />Android&#160;2.1 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_2.2_Froyo_.28API_8.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_2.2_Froyo_(API_8)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Froyo\" title=\"Android Froyo\">Android 2.2 Froyo</a> (API 8)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Froyo\" title=\"Android Froyo\">Android 2.2 Froyo</a> (API 8)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for <a href=\"/wiki/Frozen_yogurt\" title=\"Frozen yogurt\">frozen yogurt</a>) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.<sup id=\"cite_ref-froyo-dev-blog_52-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-froyo-dev-blog-52\">&#91;52&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.2\\n</td>\\n<td>May 20, 2010\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Speed, memory, and performance optimizations.<sup id=\"cite_ref-unofficial-froyo-features_53-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unofficial-froyo-features-53\">&#91;53&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Additional application speed improvements, implemented through <a href=\"/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation\" title=\"Just-in-time compilation\">JIT compilation</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-54\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-54\">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Integration of <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Chrome\" title=\"Google Chrome\">Chrome</a>\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)\" title=\"V8 (JavaScript engine)\">V8 JavaScript engine</a> into the Browser application.</li>\\n<li>Support for the <a href=\"/wiki/Android_Cloud_to_Device_Messaging\" title=\"Android Cloud to Device Messaging\">Android Cloud to Device Messaging</a> (C2DM) service, enabling <a href=\"/wiki/Push_technology\" title=\"Push technology\">push notifications</a>.</li>\\n<li>Improved <a href=\"/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Server\" title=\"Microsoft Exchange Server\">Microsoft Exchange</a> support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe.</li>\\n<li>Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications.</li>\\n<li>USB tethering and <a href=\"/wiki/Wi-Fi_hotspot\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Wi-Fi hotspot\">Wi-Fi hotspot</a> functionality<sup id=\"cite_ref-wired_sorrel_2010_55-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-wired_sorrel_2010-55\">&#91;55&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Option to disable data access over a mobile network.</li>\\n<li>Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features.<sup id=\"cite_ref-unofficial-froyo-features_53-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unofficial-froyo-features-53\">&#91;53&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries.</li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/Bluetooth\" title=\"Bluetooth\">Bluetooth</a>-enabled car and desk docks.</li>\\n<li>Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords.</li>\\n<li>Support for file upload fields in the Browser application.<sup id=\"cite_ref-56\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-56\">&#91;56&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only.</li>\\n<li>Support for installing applications to expandable memory.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adobe_Flash\" title=\"Adobe Flash\">Adobe Flash</a> support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-57\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-57\">&#91;57&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Support for high-<a href=\"/wiki/Pixel_density\" title=\"Pixel density\">PPI</a> displays (up to 320&#160;ppi), such as four-inch <a href=\"/wiki/720p\" title=\"720p\">720p</a> screens.<sup id=\"cite_ref-multiple-screens_58-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-multiple-screens-58\">&#91;58&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"4\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_2.2_Froyo_home.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android 2.2 Froyo home.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Android_2.2_Froyo_home.png/230px-Android_2.2_Froyo_home.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Android_2.2_Froyo_home.png 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"250\" data-file-height=\"417\" /></a><br />Android&#160;2.2 home screen</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.2.1\\n</td>\\n<td>January 18, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Bug fixes, security updates and performance improvements.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.2.2\\n</td>\\n<td>January 22, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Minor bug fixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_One\" title=\"Nexus One\">Nexus One</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-59\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-59\">&#91;59&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.2.3\\n</td>\\n<td>November 21, 2011<sup id=\"cite_ref-60\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-60\">&#91;60&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Two security updates.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Gingerbread\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_2.3_Gingerbread_.28API_9.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_2.3_Gingerbread_(API_9)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Gingerbread\" title=\"Android Gingerbread\">Android 2.3 Gingerbread</a> (API 9)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Gingerbread\" title=\"Android Gingerbread\">Android 2.3 Gingerbread</a> (API 9)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.<sup id=\"cite_ref-gingerbread-highlights_61-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-gingerbread-highlights-61\">&#91;61&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-gingerbread-dev-blog_62-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-gingerbread-dev-blog-62\">&#91;62&#93;</a></sup> Changes included:<sup id=\"cite_ref-gingerbread-highlights_61-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-gingerbread-highlights-61\">&#91;61&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.3\\n</td>\\n<td>December 6, 2010<sup id=\"cite_ref-gingerbread-dev-blog_62-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-gingerbread-dev-blog-62\">&#91;62&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed.</li>\\n<li>Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions (<a href=\"/wiki/WXGA_(graphics)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"WXGA (graphics)\">WXGA</a> and higher).<sup id=\"cite_ref-multiple-screens_58-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-multiple-screens-58\">&#91;58&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Native support for <a href=\"/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol\" title=\"Session Initiation Protocol\">SIP</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Voice_over_IP\" title=\"Voice over IP\">VoIP</a> internet telephones.</li>\\n<li>Faster, more intuitive text input on a virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode.</li>\\n<li>Enhanced <a href=\"/wiki/Cut,_copy,_and_paste\" title=\"Cut, copy, and paste\">copy/paste</a> functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-holding, copying, and pasting.</li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/Near_Field_Communication\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Near Field Communication\">Near Field Communication</a> (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement.</li>\\n<li>New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost.</li>\\n<li>New <a href=\"/wiki/Download_Manager\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Download Manager\">Download Manager</a>, giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application.</li>\\n<li>Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available.</li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/WebM\" title=\"WebM\">WebM</a>/VP8 video playback, and <a href=\"/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding\" title=\"Advanced Audio Coding\">AAC</a> audio encoding.</li>\\n<li>Improved <a href=\"/wiki/Power_management\" title=\"Power management\">power management</a> with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long.</li>\\n<li>Enhanced support for native code development.</li>\\n<li>Switched from <a href=\"/wiki/YAFFS\" title=\"YAFFS\">YAFFS</a> to <a href=\"/wiki/Ext4\" title=\"Ext4\">ext4</a> on newer devices.<sup id=\"cite_ref-63\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-63\">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-64\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-64\">&#91;64&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers.</li>\\n<li>Concurrent <a href=\"/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)\" title=\"Garbage collection (computer science)\">garbage collection</a> for increased performance.</li>\\n<li>Native support for more sensors (such as <a href=\"/wiki/Gyroscope\" title=\"Gyroscope\">gyroscopes</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Barometer\" title=\"Barometer\">barometers</a>).</li>\\n<li>First Android version to feature an Easter egg. It was an image of the Bugdroid standing next to a zombie gingerbread man, with many more zombies in the background.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"3\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_screenshot.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android screenshot.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Android_screenshot.png/230px-Android_screenshot.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Android_screenshot.png/345px-Android_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Android_screenshot.png/459px-Android_screenshot.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"480\" data-file-height=\"800\" /></a><br />Android&#160;2.3 home screen</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.3.1\\n</td>\\n<td>December 2010\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus&#160;S.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.3.2\\n</td>\\n<td>January 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus&#160;S.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_2.3.3_Gingerbread_.28API_10.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_2.3.3_Gingerbread_(API_10)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Gingerbread\" title=\"Android Gingerbread\">Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread</a> (API 10)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Gingerbread\" title=\"Android Gingerbread\">Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread</a> (API 10)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.3.3\\n</td>\\n<td>February 9, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Several improvements and API fixes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-65\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-65\">&#91;65&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.3.4\\n</td>\\n<td>April 28, 2011<sup id=\"cite_ref-66\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-66\">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Support for voice or video chat using <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Talk\" title=\"Google Talk\">Google Talk</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-67\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-67\">&#91;67&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device.<sup id=\"cite_ref-68\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-68\">&#91;68&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5.<sup id=\"cite_ref-69\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-69\">&#91;69&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-70\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-70\">&#91;70&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Fixed a spontaneous reboot on <a href=\"/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S_Plus\" title=\"Samsung Galaxy S Plus\">Samsung Galaxy S Plus</a>.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.3.5\\n</td>\\n<td>July 25, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Improved network performance for the <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_S\" title=\"Nexus S\">Nexus S</a> 4G, among other fixes and improvements.</li>\\n<li>Fixed a Bluetooth bug on <a href=\"/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S\" title=\"Samsung Galaxy S\">Samsung Galaxy S</a>.</li>\\n<li>Fixed a Wi-Fi crash on <a href=\"/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S_Plus\" title=\"Samsung Galaxy S Plus\">Samsung Galaxy S Plus</a>.</li>\\n<li>Improved the Gmail application.</li>\\n<li>Shadow animations for list scrolling.</li>\\n<li>Camera software enhancements.<sup id=\"cite_ref-71\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-71\">&#91;71&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Improved battery efficiency.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.3.6\\n</td>\\n<td>September 2, 2011<sup id=\"cite_ref-72\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-72\">&#91;72&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Fixed a voice search bug.<sup id=\"cite_ref-75\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-75\">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>2.3.7\\n</td>\\n<td>September 21, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Wallet\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Wallet\">Google Wallet</a> support for the Nexus S 4G.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Honeycomb\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_3.0_Honeycomb_.28API_11.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_3.0_Honeycomb_(API_11)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Honeycomb\" title=\"Android Honeycomb\">Android 3.0 Honeycomb</a> (API 11)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Honeycomb\" title=\"Android Honeycomb\">Android 3.0 Honeycomb</a> (API 11)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK \\xe2\\x80\\x93 the first <a href=\"/wiki/Tablet_computer\" title=\"Tablet computer\">tablet</a>-only Android update \\xe2\\x80\\x93 was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.<sup id=\"cite_ref-honeycomb-highlights_76-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-honeycomb-highlights-76\">&#91;75&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-honeycomb-sneak-peek_77-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-honeycomb-sneak-peek-77\">&#91;76&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-3.0-release_78-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3.0-release-78\">&#91;77&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-79\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-79\">&#91;78&#93;</a></sup> The first device featuring this version, the <a href=\"/wiki/Motorola_Xoom\" title=\"Motorola Xoom\">Motorola Xoom</a> tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.<sup id=\"cite_ref-80\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-80\">&#91;79&#93;</a></sup> The update\\'s features included:<sup id=\"cite_ref-honeycomb-highlights_76-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-honeycomb-highlights-76\">&#91;75&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>3.0\\n</td>\\n<td>February 22, 2011<sup id=\"cite_ref-3.0-release_78-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3.0-release-78\">&#91;77&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Optimized tablet support with a new \\xe2\\x80\\x9cholographic\\xe2\\x80\\x9d user interface (removed again the following year with version 4.2).<sup id=\"cite_ref-CWnostalgia_81-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CWnostalgia-81\">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>New Easter egg, an image of a <a href=\"/wiki/Tron\" title=\"Tron\">Tron</a>-themed bumblebee.</li>\\n<li>Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen.</li>\\n<li>Added the Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen.</li>\\n<li>Simplified multitasking \\xe2\\x80\\x93 tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another.</li>\\n<li>Redesigned the keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes</li>\\n<li>Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface.</li>\\n<li>Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new \\xe2\\x80\\x9cincognito\\xe2\\x80\\x9d mode allowing anonymous browsing.</li>\\n<li>Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and other camera features.</li>\\n<li>Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos.</li>\\n<li>New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts.</li>\\n<li>New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages.</li>\\n<li>Hardware acceleration.</li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/Multi-core_processor\" title=\"Multi-core processor\">multi-core processors</a>.</li>\\n<li>Ability to encrypt all user data.</li>\\n<li>HTTPS stack improved with <a href=\"/wiki/Server_Name_Indication\" title=\"Server Name Indication\">Server Name Indication</a> (SNI).</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace\" title=\"Filesystem in Userspace\">Filesystem in Userspace</a> (FUSE; kernel module).</li>\\n<li>Disallows applications from having to write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with internal primary storage) outside of designated, application-specific directories. Full access to primary internal storage is still allowed through a separate application-level permission.<sup id=\"cite_ref-anandtech-sdkitkat_82-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-anandtech-sdkitkat-82\">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-androidpolice-sdcards_83-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-androidpolice-sdcards-83\">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android3.0.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android3.0.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Android3.0.png/230px-Android3.0.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Android3.0.png/345px-Android3.0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Android3.0.png/460px-Android3.0.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"800\" /></a><br />Android&#160;3.0 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_3.1_Honeycomb_.28API_12.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_3.1_Honeycomb_(API_12)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Honeycomb\" title=\"Android Honeycomb\">Android 3.1 Honeycomb</a> (API 12)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Honeycomb\" title=\"Android Honeycomb\">Android 3.1 Honeycomb</a> (API 12)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>3.1\\n</td>\\n<td>May 10, 2011<sup id=\"cite_ref-84\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-84\">&#91;83&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>UI refinements.</li>\\n<li>Connectivity for USB accessories (<a href=\"/wiki/USB_On-The-Go\" title=\"USB On-The-Go\">USB On-The-Go</a>).</li>\\n<li>Expanded Recent Applications list.</li>\\n<li>Resizable Home screen widgets.</li>\\n<li>Support for external keyboards and pointing devices.</li>\\n<li>Support for joysticks and gamepads.</li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/Free_Lossless_Audio_Codec\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Free Lossless Audio Codec\">FLAC</a> audio playback.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android-Media-Formats_85-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android-Media-Formats-85\">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-86\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-86\">&#91;85&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when the device screen is off.</li>\\n<li>Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_3.2_Honeycomb_.28API_13.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_3.2_Honeycomb_(API_13)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Honeycomb\" title=\"Android Honeycomb\">Android 3.2 Honeycomb</a> (API 13)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Honeycomb\" title=\"Android Honeycomb\">Android 3.2 Honeycomb</a> (API 13)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>3.2\\n</td>\\n<td>July 15, 2011<sup id=\"cite_ref-Ducrohet_87-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Ducrohet-87\">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets.</li>\\n<li>Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization.</li>\\n<li>Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions.</li>\\n<li>New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android_Developers_88-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android_Developers-88\">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>3.2.1\\n</td>\\n<td>September 20, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements.</li>\\n<li>Update to <a href=\"/wiki/Android_Market\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android Market\">Android Market</a> with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text.</li>\\n<li>Update to <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Books\" title=\"Google Books\">Google Books</a>.</li>\\n<li>Improved <a href=\"/wiki/Adobe_Flash\" title=\"Adobe Flash\">Adobe Flash</a> support in browser.</li>\\n<li>Improved <a href=\"/wiki/Chinese_language\" title=\"Chinese language\">Chinese</a> handwriting prediction.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>3.2.2\\n</td>\\n<td>August 30, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>3.2.3\\n</td>\\n<td>August 30, 2011<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android_Developers_88-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android_Developers-88\">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Ducrohet_87-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Ducrohet-87\">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Ducrohet_87-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Ducrohet-87\">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom and Motorola Xoom 4G.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>3.2.4\\n</td>\\n<td>December 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Pay As You Go for 3G and 4G tablets.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>3.2.5\\n</td>\\n<td>January 2012\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom and Motorola Xoom 4G.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>3.2.6\\n</td>\\n<td>February 2012\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of Airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Ice-Cream-Sandwich\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_4.0_Ice_Cream_Sandwich_.28API_14.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_4.0_Ice_Cream_Sandwich_(API_14)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich\" title=\"Android Ice Cream Sandwich\">Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich</a> (API 14)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich\" title=\"Android Ice Cream Sandwich\">Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich</a> (API 14)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1,<sup id=\"cite_ref-89\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-89\">&#91;88&#93;</a></sup> was publicly released on October 19, 2011.<sup id=\"cite_ref-90\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-90\">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup> Google\\'s Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was \"theoretically compatible\" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time.<sup id=\"cite_ref-91\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-91\">&#91;90&#93;</a></sup> The <a href=\"/wiki/Source_code\" title=\"Source code\">source code</a> for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011.<sup id=\"cite_ref-92\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-92\">&#91;91&#93;</a></sup> Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support <a href=\"/wiki/Adobe_Systems\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Adobe Systems\">Adobe Systems</a>\\' <a href=\"/wiki/Flash_player#Mobile_platforms\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Flash player\">Flash player</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-93\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-93\">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup> The update introduced numerous new features:<sup id=\"cite_ref-ics-release_94-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ics-release-94\">&#91;93&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-95\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-95\">&#91;94&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-96\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-96\">&#91;95&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.0\\n</td>\\n<td>October 18, 2011<sup id=\"cite_ref-ics-release_94-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ics-release-94\">&#91;93&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Major refinements to the \"Holo\" interface with the new <a href=\"/wiki/Roboto\" title=\"Roboto\">Roboto</a> font family.</li>\\n<li>Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones.</li>\\n<li>Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications.</li>\\n<li>Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style.</li>\\n<li>Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages.</li>\\n<li>Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the Calendar.</li>\\n<li>Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons).</li>\\n<li>Improved error correction on the keyboard.</li>\\n<li>Ability to access applications directly from the <a href=\"/wiki/Lock_screen\" title=\"Lock screen\">lock screen</a>.</li>\\n<li>Improved copy-and-paste functionality.</li>\\n<li>Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech-to-text dictation.</li>\\n<li>Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using <a href=\"/wiki/Facial_recognition_software\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Facial recognition software\">facial recognition software</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-CWnostalgia_81-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CWnostalgia-81\">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Automatic syncing of browser with users\\' Chrome bookmarks.</li>\\n<li>Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded.</li>\\n<li>Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe.<sup id=\"cite_ref-97\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-97\">&#91;96&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording.</li>\\n<li>Built-in photo editor.</li>\\n<li>New gallery layout, organized by location and person.</li>\\n<li>Refreshed the \"People\" application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Beam\" title=\"Android Beam\">Android Beam</a>, a <a href=\"/wiki/Near-field_communication\" title=\"Near-field communication\">near-field communication</a> feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data.<sup id=\"cite_ref-CWnostalgia_81-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CWnostalgia-81\">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Support for the <a href=\"/wiki/WebP\" title=\"WebP\">WebP</a> image format.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android-Media-Formats_85-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android-Media-Formats-85\">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Hardware acceleration of the UI.<sup id=\"cite_ref-98\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-98\">&#91;97&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wi-Fi_Direct\" title=\"Wi-Fi Direct\">Wi-Fi Direct</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-99\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-99\">&#91;98&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/1080p\" title=\"1080p\">1080p</a> video recording for stock Android devices.</li>\\n<li>Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required a rooted Android device.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"3\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_4.0.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android 4.0.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Android_4.0.png/230px-Android_4.0.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Android_4.0.png/345px-Android_4.0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Android_4.0.png/460px-Android_4.0.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"720\" data-file-height=\"1280\" /></a><br />Android&#160;4.0 home screen</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.0.1\\n</td>\\n<td>October 21, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.0.2\\n</td>\\n<td>November 28, 2011\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011.<sup id=\"cite_ref-102\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-102\">&#91;b&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_4.0.3_Ice_Cream_Sandwich_.28API_15.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_4.0.3_Ice_Cream_Sandwich_(API_15)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich\" title=\"Android Ice Cream Sandwich\">Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich</a> (API 15)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich\" title=\"Android Ice Cream Sandwich\">Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich</a> (API 15)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.0.3\\n</td>\\n<td>December 16, 2011<sup id=\"cite_ref-ICS16Dec2011_103-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ICS16Dec2011-103\">&#91;101&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Numerous bug fixes and optimizations.</li>\\n<li>Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality.</li>\\n<li>New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider.</li>\\n<li>Calendar provider enhancements.</li>\\n<li>New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and <a href=\"/wiki/Quarter_Video_Graphics_Array\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Quarter Video Graphics Array\">QVGA</a> resolution.</li>\\n<li>Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-104\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-104\">&#91;102&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.0.4\\n</td>\\n<td>March 29, 2012<sup id=\"cite_ref-InqMar2012_105-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-InqMar2012-105\">&#91;103&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Stability improvements.</li>\\n<li>Better camera performance.</li>\\n<li>Smoother screen rotation.</li>\\n<li>Improved phone number recognition.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ICS29mar2012_106-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ICS29mar2012-106\">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Jelly-Bean\"></span><span id=\"PROJECT-BUTTER\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_4.1_Jelly_Bean_.28API_16.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_4.1_Jelly_Bean_(API_16)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean\" title=\"Android Jelly Bean\">Android 4.1 Jelly Bean</a> (API 16)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean\" title=\"Android Jelly Bean\">Android 4.1 Jelly Bean</a> (API 16)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the <a href=\"/wiki/Google_I/O\" title=\"Google I/O\">Google I/O</a> conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved \"Project Butter\", which uses touch anticipation, <a href=\"/wiki/Multiple_buffering\" title=\"Multiple buffering\">triple buffering</a>, extended <a href=\"/wiki/Vsync_(computing)\" title=\"Vsync (computing)\">vsync</a> timing and a fixed frame rate of 60&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Framerate\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Framerate\">fps</a> to create a fluid and \"buttery-smooth\" UI.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android-4.1-devs_107-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android-4.1-devs-107\">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup> Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the <a href=\"/wiki/Android_Open_Source_Project\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android Open Source Project\">Android Open Source Project</a> on July 9, 2012,<sup id=\"cite_ref-108\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-108\">&#91;106&#93;</a></sup> and the <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_7_(2012_version)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nexus 7 (2012 version)\">Nexus 7</a> tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.1\\n</td>\\n<td>July 9, 2012\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Smoother user interface:\\n<ul><li>Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh.</li>\\n<li>Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline.</li>\\n<li>CPU input boost.</li>\\n<li>Synchronizing touch to vsync timing.</li></ul></li>\\n<li>Enhanced <a href=\"/wiki/Accessibility\" title=\"Accessibility\">accessibility</a>.</li>\\n<li>Bi-directional text and other language support.</li>\\n<li>User-installable keyboard maps.</li>\\n<li>Expandable notifications.</li>\\n<li>Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis.</li>\\n<li>Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens.</li>\\n<li>Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam.</li>\\n<li>Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones.<sup id=\"cite_ref-android41-differentlayouts_109-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-android41-differentlayouts-109\">&#91;107&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Improved camera application.</li>\\n<li>Multichannel audio.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android-4.1-devs_107-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android-4.1-devs-107\">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>The <a href=\"/wiki/Fraunhofer_FDK_AAC\" title=\"Fraunhofer FDK AAC\">Fraunhofer FDK AAC</a> codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding/decoding.</li>\\n<li>USB audio (for external sound <a href=\"/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter\" title=\"Digital-to-analog converter\">DACs</a>).<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android-4.1-devs_107-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android-4.1-devs-107\">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Audio chaining (also known as <a href=\"/wiki/Gapless_playback\" title=\"Gapless playback\">gapless playback</a>).<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android-4.1-devs_107-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android-4.1-devs-107\">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-110\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-110\">&#91;108&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-111\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-111\">&#91;109&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"2\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_4.1_on_the_Galaxy_Nexus.jpeg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android 4.1 on the Galaxy Nexus.jpeg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Android_4.1_on_the_Galaxy_Nexus.jpeg/230px-Android_4.1_on_the_Galaxy_Nexus.jpeg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Android_4.1_on_the_Galaxy_Nexus.jpeg/345px-Android_4.1_on_the_Galaxy_Nexus.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Android_4.1_on_the_Galaxy_Nexus.jpeg/460px-Android_4.1_on_the_Galaxy_Nexus.jpeg 2x\" data-file-width=\"720\" data-file-height=\"1280\" /></a><br />Android&#160;4.1 home screen</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.1.1\\n</td>\\n<td>July 11, 2012<sup id=\"cite_ref-112\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-112\">&#91;110&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in any application.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.1.2\\n</td>\\n<td>October 9, 2012<sup id=\"cite_ref-Jelly_Bean_4.1.2_113-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Jelly_Bean_4.1.2-113\">&#91;111&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Lock/home screen rotation support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-114\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-114\">&#91;112&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications.<sup id=\"cite_ref-115\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-115\">&#91;113&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Bug fixes and performance enhancements.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Jelly-Bean-42\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"3\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_4.2_Jelly_Bean_.28API_17.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_4.2_Jelly_Bean_(API_17)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean\" title=\"Android Jelly Bean\">Android 4.2 Jelly Bean</a> (API 17)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean\" title=\"Android Jelly Bean\">Android 4.2 Jelly Bean</a> (API 17)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"3\">Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in <a href=\"/wiki/New_York_City\" title=\"New York City\">New York City</a> on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to <a href=\"/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy\" title=\"Hurricane Sandy\">Hurricane Sandy</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-116\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-116\">&#91;114&#93;</a></sup> Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan \"A new flavor of Jelly Bean\". Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_4\" title=\"Nexus 4\">Nexus 4</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_10\" title=\"Nexus 10\">Nexus 10</a>, which were released on November 13, 2012.<sup id=\"cite_ref-New4.2And_117-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-New4.2And-117\">&#91;115&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-118\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-118\">&#91;116&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.2\\n</td>\\n<td>November 13, 2012<sup id=\"cite_ref-Jelly_Bean_4.2_119-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Jelly_Bean_4.2-119\">&#91;117&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Lock_screen\" title=\"Lock screen\">Lock screen</a> improvements, including widget support (removed again in 2014)<sup id=\"cite_ref-CWnostalgia_81-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CWnostalgia-81\">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup> and the ability to swipe directly to the camera.<sup id=\"cite_ref-120\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-120\">&#91;118&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Notification power controls (\"Quick Settings\").</li>\\n<li>\"Daydream\" <a href=\"/wiki/Screensaver\" title=\"Screensaver\">screensavers</a>, showing information when idle or docked (later renamed to \"screen saver\" following the launch of the unrelated <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Daydream\" title=\"Google Daydream\">Google Daydream</a> VR platform in 2016).<sup id=\"cite_ref-CWnostalgia_81-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CWnostalgia-81\">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Multiple user accounts (tablets only).</li>\\n<li>Rewritten <a href=\"/wiki/Bluetooth_stack\" title=\"Bluetooth stack\">Bluetooth stack</a>, switching from <a href=\"/wiki/Bluez\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Bluez\">Bluez</a> to <a href=\"/wiki/Broadcom\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Broadcom\">Broadcom</a> open source <a href=\"/wiki/BlueDroid\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"BlueDroid\">BlueDroid</a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-anand1_121-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-anand1-121\">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> allowing improved support for multiple displays and wireless display (<a href=\"/wiki/Miracast\" title=\"Miracast\">Miracast</a>).</li>\\n<li>Native <a href=\"/wiki/Right-to-left\" title=\"Right-to-left\">right-to-left</a>, always-on <a href=\"/wiki/Virtual_Private_Network\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Virtual Private Network\">VPN</a> and application verification.<sup id=\"cite_ref-aosp-jb1_122-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-aosp-jb1-122\">&#91;120&#93;</a></sup> A new <a href=\"/wiki/Near_field_communication\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Near field communication\">NFC</a> stack was added at the same time.<sup id=\"cite_ref-anand1_121-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-anand1-121\">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users.</li>\\n<li>New clock application with a built-in world clock, stop watch and timer.</li>\\n<li>All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets (with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu), regardless of screen size.</li>\\n<li>Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/SELinux\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"SELinux\">SELinux</a> support.</li>\\n<li>Premium <a href=\"/wiki/SMS\" title=\"SMS\">SMS</a> confirmation.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android_Police_4.2_Alpha_Teardown_123-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android_Police_4.2_Alpha_Teardown-123\">&#91;121&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Group Messaging support.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.2.1\\n</td>\\n<td>November 27, 2012<sup id=\"cite_ref-Jelly_Bean_4.2.1_124-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Jelly_Bean_4.2.1-124\">&#91;122&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact.<sup id=\"cite_ref-December_bug_125-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-December_bug-125\">&#91;123&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported <a href=\"/wiki/Human_interface_device\" title=\"Human interface device\">HIDs</a> (Human interface devices).</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.2.2\\n</td>\\n<td>February 11, 2013<sup id=\"cite_ref-Jelly_Bean_4.2.2_126-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Jelly_Bean_4.2.2-126\">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-127\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-127\">&#91;125&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state.</li>\\n<li>New download notifications, which now show the percentage and estimated time remaining for active application downloads.</li>\\n<li>New sounds for wireless charging and low battery.</li>\\n<li>New Gallery application animation allows faster loading.</li>\\n<li>USB debug whitelist.</li>\\n<li>Bug fixes and performance enhancements.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Jelly-Bean-43\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"3\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_4.3_Jelly_Bean_.28API_18.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_4.3_Jelly_Bean_(API_18)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean\" title=\"Android Jelly Bean\">Android 4.3 Jelly Bean</a> (API 18)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean\" title=\"Android Jelly Bean\">Android 4.3 Jelly Bean</a> (API 18)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"3\">Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan \"An even sweeter Jelly Bean\" on July 24, 2013, during an event in <a href=\"/wiki/San_Francisco\" title=\"San Francisco\">San Francisco</a> called \"Breakfast with <a href=\"/wiki/Sundar_Pichai\" title=\"Sundar Pichai\">Sundar Pichai</a>\". Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_7_(2nd_generation)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nexus 7 (2nd generation)\">second-generation Nexus 7</a> tablet was the first device to officially ship with it.<sup id=\"cite_ref-TomsJuly2013_128-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TomsJuly2013-128\">&#91;126&#93;</a></sup> A minor bug fix update was released on August 22, 2013.<sup id=\"cite_ref-129\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-129\">&#91;127&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.3\\n</td>\\n<td>July 24, 2013<sup id=\"cite_ref-Jelly_Bean_4.3_130-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Jelly_Bean_4.3-130\">&#91;128&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Bluetooth_low_energy\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Bluetooth low energy\">Bluetooth low energy</a> support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3_131-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3-131\">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/AVRCP\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"AVRCP\">Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3</a> support.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/OpenGL_ES#OpenGL_ES_3.0\" title=\"OpenGL ES\">OpenGL ES 3.0</a> support, allowing improved game graphics.<sup id=\"cite_ref-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3_131-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3-131\">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Restricted access mode for new user profiles.<sup id=\"cite_ref-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3_131-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3-131\">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Filesystem performance improvement by running the <a href=\"/wiki/Trim_(computing)\" title=\"Trim (computing)\">fstrim</a> command while a device is idle.<sup id=\"cite_ref-EngdtTRIM_132-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EngdtTRIM-132\">&#91;130&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application.<sup id=\"cite_ref-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3_131-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3-131\">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Volume for incoming calls (ringtone) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately.</li>\\n<li>Improvements to Photo Sphere.<sup id=\"cite_ref-APPhotosphere_133-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APPhotosphere-133\">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones.<sup id=\"cite_ref-4.3Camera_134-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4.3Camera-134\">&#91;132&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Addition of \"<a href=\"/wiki/App_Ops\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"App Ops\">App Ops</a>\", a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default).<sup id=\"cite_ref-AppOps_135-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AppOps-135\">&#91;133&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/SELinux\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"SELinux\">SELinux</a> enabled by default.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/4K_resolution\" title=\"4K resolution\">4K resolution</a> support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Engdt4K_136-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Engdt4K-136\">&#91;134&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Numerous security updates, performance enhancements, and bug fixes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-AP4.3_137-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AP4.3-137\">&#91;135&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>System-level support for <a href=\"/wiki/Geo-fence\" title=\"Geo-fence\">geofencing</a> and Wi-Fi scanning APIs.</li>\\n<li>Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off.</li>\\n<li>Developer logging and analyzing enhancements.</li>\\n<li>Added support for five more languages.</li>\\n<li>Changed <a href=\"/wiki/Digital_rights_management\" title=\"Digital rights management\">digital rights management</a> (DRM) APIs.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Right-to-left\" title=\"Right-to-left\">Right-to-left</a> (RTL) languages now supported.<sup id=\"cite_ref-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3_131-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-OfficialAndroidBlog4.3-131\">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Clock in the status bar disappears if it is selected as a lockscreen widget.</li>\\n<li>Native <a href=\"/wiki/Emoji\" title=\"Emoji\">emoji</a> support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-CNet_4.3_138-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CNet_4.3-138\">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.3.1\\n</td>\\n<td>October 3, 2013<sup id=\"cite_ref-Jelly_Bean_4.3.1_139-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Jelly_Bean_4.3.1-139\">&#91;137&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Bug fixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE.<sup id=\"cite_ref-4.3.1changelog_140-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4.3.1changelog-140\">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"KitKat\"></span><span id=\"PROJECT-SVELTE\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_4.4_KitKat_.28API_19.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_4.4_KitKat_(API_19)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_KitKat\" title=\"Android KitKat\">Android 4.4 KitKat</a> (API 19)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_KitKat\" title=\"Android KitKat\">Android 4.4 KitKat</a> (API 19)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Google announced Android 4.4 <a href=\"/wiki/Kit_Kat\" title=\"Kit Kat\">KitKat</a> on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the \"Key Lime Pie\" (\"KLP\") codename, the name was changed because \"very few people actually know the taste of a <a href=\"/wiki/Key_lime_pie\" title=\"Key lime pie\">key lime pie</a>.\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-KitkatBBC_141-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KitkatBBC-141\">&#91;139&#93;</a></sup> Some technology bloggers also expected the \"Key Lime Pie\" release to be Android 5.<sup id=\"cite_ref-142\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-142\">&#91;140&#93;</a></sup> KitKat debuted on Google\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_5\" title=\"Nexus 5\">Nexus 5</a> on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512&#160;MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as \"Project Svelte\" internally at Google.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Nexus_5_review-143\">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup> The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340&#160;MB, and all devices with less than 512&#160;MB of RAM must report themselves as \"low RAM\" devices.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cdd-4.4_144-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cdd-4.4-144\">&#91;142&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.4\\n</td>\\n<td>October 31, 2013<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android_4.4_KitKat_145-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android_4.4_KitKat-145\">&#91;143&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-androiddev-44_146-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-androiddev-44-146\">&#91;144&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue.</li>\\n<li>Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.</li>\\n<li>Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars.<sup id=\"cite_ref-verge-n5handson_147-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-verge-n5handson-147\">&#91;145&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Ability for applications to use \"immersive mode\" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction.<sup id=\"cite_ref-148\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-148\">&#91;146&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a \"Menu\" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.<sup id=\"cite_ref-phonearena-overflowgone_149-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-phonearena-overflowgone-149\">&#91;147&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Restriction for applications when accessing external storage, except for their own directories.</li>\\n<li>Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including <a href=\"/wiki/Zram\" title=\"Zram\">zRAM</a> support and \"low RAM\" device API.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Nexus_5_review-143\">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Wireless printing capability.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Nexus_5_review-143\">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>NFC <a href=\"/wiki/Host_card_emulation\" title=\"Host card emulation\">host card emulation</a>, enabling a device to replace <a href=\"/wiki/Smart_card\" title=\"Smart card\">smart cards</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Nexus_5_review-143\">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>WebViews are now based on the <a href=\"/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)\" title=\"Chromium (web browser)\">Chromium</a> engine (feature parity with <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Chrome_for_Android\" title=\"Google Chrome for Android\">Chrome for Android</a> 30).</li>\\n<li>Expanded functionality for notification listener services.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Nexus_5_review-143\">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Public API for developing and managing <a href=\"/wiki/Short_Message_Service\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Short Message Service\">text messaging</a> clients.<sup id=\"cite_ref-adb-kitkatsms_150-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-adb-kitkatsms-150\">&#91;148&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services).<sup id=\"cite_ref-anandtech-sdkitkat_82-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-anandtech-sdkitkat-82\">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>New framework for UI transitions.</li>\\n<li>Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Nexus_5_review-143\">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and the home (launcher) application.</li>\\n<li>Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer.<sup id=\"cite_ref-151\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-151\">&#91;149&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of <a href=\"/wiki/Android_Debug_Bridge\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android Debug Bridge\">ADB</a> is required).<sup id=\"cite_ref-152\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-152\">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Native <a href=\"/wiki/Infrared_blaster\" title=\"Infrared blaster\">infrared blaster</a> API.</li>\\n<li>Verified boot.</li>\\n<li>Enforcing <a href=\"/wiki/SELinux\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"SELinux\">SELinux</a>.</li>\\n<li>Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level <a href=\"/wiki/Closed_captioning\" title=\"Closed captioning\">closed captioning</a> settings.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Runtime\" title=\"Android Runtime\">Android Runtime</a> (ART) introduced as a new experimental application <a href=\"/wiki/Runtime_environment\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Runtime environment\">runtime environment</a>, not enabled by default, as a replacement for the <a href=\"/wiki/Dalvik_(software)\" title=\"Dalvik (software)\">Dalvik</a> virtual machine.<sup id=\"cite_ref-153\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-153\">&#91;151&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Message_Access_Profile\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Message Access Profile\">Bluetooth Message Access Profile</a> (MAP) support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-154\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-154\">&#91;152&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications.<sup id=\"cite_ref-155\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-155\">&#91;153&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens.</li>\\n<li>Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings.<sup id=\"cite_ref-156\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-156\">&#91;154&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component.<sup id=\"cite_ref-157\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-157\">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"5\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Nexus_5_(Android_4.4.2)_Screenshot.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Nexus 5 (Android 4.4.2) Screenshot.jpg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Nexus_5_%28Android_4.4.2%29_Screenshot.jpg/230px-Nexus_5_%28Android_4.4.2%29_Screenshot.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Nexus_5_%28Android_4.4.2%29_Screenshot.jpg/345px-Nexus_5_%28Android_4.4.2%29_Screenshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Nexus_5_%28Android_4.4.2%29_Screenshot.jpg/460px-Nexus_5_%28Android_4.4.2%29_Screenshot.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"1920\" /></a><br />Android&#160;4.4 home screen</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.4.1\\n</td>\\n<td>December 5, 2013<sup id=\"cite_ref-158\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-158\">&#91;156&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART).</li>\\n<li>Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view.</li>\\n<li>Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.4.2\\n</td>\\n<td>December 9, 2013<sup id=\"cite_ref-159\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-159\">&#91;157&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Further security enhancements and bug fixes.</li>\\n<li>Removal of the \"<a href=\"/wiki/App_Ops\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"App Ops\">App Ops</a>\" application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3.<sup id=\"cite_ref-160\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-160\">&#91;158&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.4.3\\n</td>\\n<td>June 2, 2014<sup id=\"cite_ref-161\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-161\">&#91;159&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Refreshed the Dialer app\\'s interface.<sup id=\"cite_ref-162\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-162\">&#91;160&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Updated the Chromium-based WebView to version 33 (screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, and an HTML5 datalist).<sup id=\"cite_ref-163\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-163\">&#91;161&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.4.4\\n</td>\\n<td>June 19, 2014<sup id=\"cite_ref-164\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-164\">&#91;162&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/CVE-2014-0224\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"CVE-2014-0224\">CVE-2014-0224</a> fixed, eliminating an <a href=\"/wiki/OpenSSL\" title=\"OpenSSL\">OpenSSL</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Man-in-the-middle\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Man-in-the-middle\">man-in-the-middle</a> vulnerability.<sup id=\"cite_ref-165\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-165\">&#91;163&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"3\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_4.4W_KitKat.2C_with_wearable_extensions_.28API_20.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_4.4W_KitKat,_with_wearable_extensions_(API_20)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wear_OS\" title=\"Wear OS\">Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions</a> (API 20)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Wear_OS\" title=\"Wear OS\">Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions</a> (API 20)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"3\">On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released.\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.4W<sup id=\"cite_ref-Wear_source_code_166-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Wear_source_code-166\">&#91;164&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>June 25, 2014<sup id=\"cite_ref-167\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-167\">&#91;165&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Initial release of the Android Wear platform for <a href=\"/wiki/Smartwatch\" title=\"Smartwatch\">smartwatches</a>: the same as Android 4.4 \"KitKat\", but with wearable extensions added.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.4W.1\\n</td>\\n<td>September 6, 2014<sup id=\"cite_ref-168\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-168\">&#91;166&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>4.4W.2\\n</td>\\n<td>October 21, 2014<sup id=\"cite_ref-169\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-169\">&#91;167&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Offline music playback.</li>\\n<li>GPS support.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Lollipop\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<p><span id=\"5\"></span>\\n</p><table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_5.0_Lollipop_.28API_21.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_5.0_Lollipop_(API_21)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Lollipop\" title=\"Android Lollipop\">Android 5.0 Lollipop</a> (API 21)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Lollipop\" title=\"Android Lollipop\">Android 5.0 Lollipop</a> (API 21)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Android 5.0 \"Lollipop\" was unveiled under the codename \"Android L\" on June 25, 2014, during <a href=\"/wiki/Google_I/O\" title=\"Google I/O\">Google I/O</a>. It became available as an official <a href=\"/wiki/Over-the-air_programming\" title=\"Over-the-air programming\">over-the-air</a> (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Nexus\" title=\"Google Nexus\">Nexus</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_edition\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Play edition\">Google Play edition</a> devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.<sup id=\"cite_ref-PCWorldJun2014_170-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PCWorldJun2014-170\">&#91;168&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-171\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-171\">&#91;169&#93;</a></sup>\\n<p>Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive <a href=\"/wiki/Design_language\" title=\"Design language\">design language</a> referred to as \"<a href=\"/wiki/Material_design\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Material design\">material design</a>\". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the <a href=\"/wiki/Android_Runtime\" title=\"Android Runtime\">Android Runtime</a> (ART) officially replacing <a href=\"/wiki/Dalvik_virtual_machine\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Dalvik virtual machine\">Dalvik</a> for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as <a href=\"/wiki/Project_Volta\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Project Volta\">Project Volta</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-172\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-172\">&#91;170&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-173\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-173\">&#91;171&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-174\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-174\">&#91;172&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-175\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-175\">&#91;173&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>5.0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Api_level_21-22_176-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Api_level_21-22-176\">&#91;174&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>November 12, 2014<sup id=\"cite_ref-lollipop-blog_177-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-lollipop-blog-177\">&#91;175&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Runtime\" title=\"Android Runtime\">Android Runtime</a> (ART) with <a href=\"/wiki/Ahead-of-time_compilation\" title=\"Ahead-of-time compilation\">ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation</a> and improved garbage collection (GC), replacing <a href=\"/wiki/Dalvik_(software)\" title=\"Dalvik (software)\">Dalvik</a> that combines bytecode <a href=\"/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)\" title=\"Interpreter (computing)\">interpretation</a> with <a href=\"/wiki/Tracing_just-in-time_compilation\" title=\"Tracing just-in-time compilation\">trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Api_level_21-22_176-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Api_level_21-22-176\">&#91;174&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-178\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-178\">&#91;176&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/64-bit_computing\" title=\"64-bit computing\">64-bit</a> CPUs.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/OpenGL_ES\" title=\"OpenGL ES\">OpenGL ES</a>&#160;3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations.</li>\\n<li>Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vector_graphics\" title=\"Vector graphics\">Vector drawables</a>, which scale without losing definition.</li>\\n<li>Support for print previews.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Material_design\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Material design\">Material design</a>, bringing a restyled user interface and <i>\\xe2\\x80\\x9cripple effect\\xe2\\x80\\x9d</i> for buttons.</li>\\n<li>Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets.<sup id=\"cite_ref-179\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-179\">&#91;177&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Project_Volta\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Project Volta\">Project Volta</a>, for battery life improvements.</li>\\n<li>Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings.</li>\\n<li>Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings.<sup id=\"cite_ref-IndiaTimes_180-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-IndiaTimes-180\">&#91;178&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.<sup id=\"cite_ref-181\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-181\">&#91;179&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Audio input and output through USB devices.</li>\\n<li>Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on <a href=\"/wiki/SD_card\" title=\"SD card\">SD cards</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-android-police01_182-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-android-police01-182\">&#91;180&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-android-police02_183-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-android-police02-183\">&#91;181&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Pinning of an application\\'s screen for restricted user activity.<sup id=\"cite_ref-IndiaTimes_180-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-IndiaTimes-180\">&#91;178&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.<sup id=\"cite_ref-IndiaTimes_180-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-IndiaTimes-180\">&#91;178&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>WebViews receive updates independently through <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play\" title=\"Google Play\">Google Play</a> for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates.<sup id=\"cite_ref-184\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-184\">&#91;182&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu.<sup id=\"cite_ref-AndroidLollipop_185-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AndroidLollipop-185\">&#91;183&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><i>Tap and Go</i> allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.<sup id=\"cite_ref-IndiaTimes_180-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-IndiaTimes-180\">&#91;178&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.<sup id=\"cite_ref-IndiaTimes_180-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-IndiaTimes-180\">&#91;178&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>User-customizable priorities for application notifications.<sup id=\"cite_ref-CNET-priority_186-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CNET-priority-186\">&#91;184&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Smart lock feature.<sup id=\"cite_ref-187\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-187\">&#91;185&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/SELinux\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"SELinux\">SELinux</a> in enforcing mode for all domains.</li>\\n<li>Updated emoji.<sup id=\"cite_ref-emojipedia-50_188-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-emojipedia-50-188\">&#91;186&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Improved <a href=\"/wiki/Accessibility\" title=\"Accessibility\">accessibility</a> support (e.g. <a href=\"/wiki/Switch_access\" title=\"Switch access\">switch access</a> support).<sup id=\"cite_ref-androidcentral1_189-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-androidcentral1-189\">&#91;187&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-androidcentral1_189-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-androidcentral1-189\">&#91;187&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Block-based over-the-air (OTA) updates for new devices.<sup id=\"cite_ref-190\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-190\">&#91;188&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"3\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_5.0-en.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android 5.0-en.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Android_5.0-en.png/230px-Android_5.0-en.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Android_5.0-en.png/345px-Android_5.0-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Android_5.0-en.png/460px-Android_5.0-en.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"1920\" /></a><br />Android&#160;5.0 home screen</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>5.0.1\\n</td>\\n<td>December 2, 2014<sup id=\"cite_ref-191\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-191\">&#91;189&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>A few bug fixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>5.0.2\\n</td>\\n<td>December 19, 2014<sup id=\"cite_ref-192\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-192\">&#91;190&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Fixes a bug with <a href=\"/wiki/TRIM\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"TRIM\">TRIM</a> support (introduced in Version 4.3), which prevented devices from running on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off at midnight, or if it was charged only when in use.<sup id=\"cite_ref-193\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-193\">&#91;191&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources.<sup id=\"cite_ref-194\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-194\">&#91;192&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_5.1_Lollipop_.28API_22.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_5.1_Lollipop_(API_22)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Lollipop\" title=\"Android Lollipop\">Android 5.1 Lollipop</a> (API 22)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Lollipop\" title=\"Android Lollipop\">Android 5.1 Lollipop</a> (API 22)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>5.1\\n</td>\\n<td>March 9, 2015<sup id=\"cite_ref-195\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-195\">&#91;193&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Improvements and bug fixes to the Overview screen.</li>\\n<li>Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings.</li>\\n<li>Official support for <a href=\"/wiki/Dual_SIM\" title=\"Dual SIM\">multiple SIM cards</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-venturebeat-20150309_196-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-venturebeat-20150309-196\">&#91;194&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anti-theft_system\" title=\"Anti-theft system\">Device protection</a>: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wideband_audio\" title=\"Wideband audio\">High-definition voice calls</a>, available between compatible 4G LTE devices running Android 5.1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-venturebeat-20150309_196-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-venturebeat-20150309-196\">&#91;194&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the <a href=\"/wiki/Silent_mode\" title=\"Silent mode\">silent mode</a> that was removed from Android&#160;5.0.<sup id=\"cite_ref-197\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-197\">&#91;195&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>5.1.1\\n</td>\\n<td>April 21, 2015<sup id=\"cite_ref-phandroid-5.1.1_198-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-phandroid-5.1.1-198\">&#91;196&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Various bug fixes<sup id=\"cite_ref-phandroid-5.1.1_198-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-phandroid-5.1.1-198\">&#91;196&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Native <a href=\"/wiki/Generic_Access_Network\" title=\"Generic Access Network\">Wi-Fi calling</a> support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-199\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-199\">&#91;197&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Marshmallow\"></span><span id=\"Android_6\"></span><span id=\"6\"></span><span id=\"Android_6.0\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_6.0_Marshmallow_.28API_23.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_6.0_Marshmallow_(API_23)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Marshmallow\" title=\"Android Marshmallow\">Android 6.0 Marshmallow</a> (API 23)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Marshmallow\" title=\"Android Marshmallow\">Android 6.0 Marshmallow</a> (API 23)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Android 6.0 \"Marshmallow\" was unveiled under the codename \"Android&#160;M\" during <a href=\"/wiki/Google_I/O\" title=\"Google I/O\">Google I/O</a> on May 28, 2015, for the <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_5\" title=\"Nexus 5\">Nexus&#160;5</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_6\" title=\"Nexus 6\">Nexus&#160;6</a> phones, <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_9\" title=\"Nexus 9\">Nexus&#160;9</a> tablet, and <a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_Player\" title=\"Nexus Player\">Nexus Player</a> set-top box, under the build number MPZ44Q.<sup id=\"cite_ref-200\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-200\">&#91;198&#93;</a></sup> The third developer preview (MPA44G) was released on August 17, 2015 for the Nexus&#160;5, Nexus&#160;6, Nexus&#160;9 and Nexus Player devices,<sup id=\"cite_ref-201\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-201\">&#91;199&#93;</a></sup> and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to <a href=\"/wiki/Android_for_Work\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android for Work\">Android for Work</a> profiles.<sup id=\"cite_ref-202\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-202\">&#91;200&#93;</a></sup>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>6.0\\n</td>\\n<td>October 5, 2015<sup id=\"cite_ref-203\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-203\">&#91;201&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Contextual search from keywords within apps.<sup id=\"cite_ref-204\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-204\">&#91;202&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Introduction of Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is off in order to save battery life.<sup id=\"cite_ref-205\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-205\">&#91;203&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>App Standby feature.</li>\\n<li>Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer.<sup id=\"cite_ref-206\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-206\">&#91;204&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Application search bar and favorites.</li>\\n<li>Native fingerprint reader support.</li>\\n<li>Direct Share feature for target-specific sharing between apps.<sup id=\"cite_ref-207\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-207\">&#91;205&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Renamed \"Priority\" mode to \"Do Not Disturb\" mode.</li>\\n<li>App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications.<sup id=\"cite_ref-208\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-208\">&#91;206&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-209\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-209\">&#91;207&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Larger Application folders with multiple pages.</li>\\n<li>Post-install/run-time permission requests.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/USB-C\" title=\"USB-C\">USB-C</a> support.</li>\\n<li>Demo Mode feature for screenshot-capture usage.<sup id=\"cite_ref-210\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-210\">&#91;208&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Automatic full data backup and restore for apps.<sup id=\"cite_ref-211\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-211\">&#91;209&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>4K display mode for apps.<sup id=\"cite_ref-212\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-212\">&#91;210&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Adoptable External storage to behave like Internal Storage.<sup id=\"cite_ref-213\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-213\">&#91;211&#93;</a></sup> (However, this causes more actual problems than the hypothetical ones it was probably designed to solve.)<sup id=\"cite_ref-214\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-214\">&#91;212&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MIDI\" title=\"MIDI\">MIDI</a> support for musical instruments.<sup id=\"cite_ref-215\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-215\">&#91;213&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Experimental multi-window feature.<sup id=\"cite_ref-216\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-216\">&#91;214&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-217\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-217\">&#91;215&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Support for actions by third-party apps in the text selection menu.<sup id=\"cite_ref-CWnostalgia_81-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CWnostalgia-81\">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>App permissions now granted individually at run-time, not all-or-nothing at install time.<sup id=\"cite_ref-218\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-218\">&#91;216&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Miracast support dropped.<sup id=\"cite_ref-CWnostalgia_81-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CWnostalgia-81\">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Many new essential commands supported by Android\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/Linux_shell\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Linux shell\">Linux shell</a> <i>(/bin/sh)</i>.</li>\\n<li>No screen rotation during touch.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"2\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_6.0-en.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android 6.0-en.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Android_6.0-en.png/230px-Android_6.0-en.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Android_6.0-en.png/345px-Android_6.0-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Android_6.0-en.png/460px-Android_6.0-en.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"1920\" /></a><br />Android&#160;6.0 home screen</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>6.0.1\\n</td>\\n<td>December 7, 2015<sup id=\"cite_ref-android-6-0-1-gadgetzarena_219-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-android-6-0-1-gadgetzarena-219\">&#91;217&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Unicode_7.0\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Unicode 7.0\">Unicode 7.0</a> &amp; <a href=\"/wiki/Unicode_8.0\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Unicode 8.0\">8.0</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Emoji\" title=\"Emoji\">emoji</a> support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-emojipedia-601_220-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-emojipedia-601-220\">&#91;218&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Descriptions for USB connection options.</li>\\n<li>Double-press the power button to open the camera.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Nougat\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_7.0_Nougat_.28API_24.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_7.0_Nougat_(API_24)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Nougat\" title=\"Android Nougat\">Android 7.0 Nougat</a> (API 24)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Nougat\" title=\"Android Nougat\">Android 7.0 Nougat</a> (API 24)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Android \"Nougat\" (codenamed N in-development) is the major 7.0 release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for current Nexus devices, as well as with the new \"Android Beta Program\" which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via an over-the-air update. The final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016,<sup id=\"cite_ref-221\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-221\">&#91;219&#93;</a></sup> with the build number NPD90G.\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>7.0\\n</td>\\n<td>August 22, 2016\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Support for file-based encryption.<sup id=\"cite_ref-222\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-222\">&#91;220&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Unicode_9.0\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Unicode 9.0\">Unicode 9.0</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Emoji\" title=\"Emoji\">emoji</a> and skin tone modifier support (and exposes a subset of <a href=\"/wiki/ICU4J\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ICU4J\">ICU4J</a> APIs).<sup id=\"cite_ref-emojipedia-70_223-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-emojipedia-70-223\">&#91;221&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Ability to display color calibration.</li>\\n<li>Ability to zoom in the screen.</li>\\n<li>Ability to switch to the last opened app by double-tapping the overview button.</li>\\n<li>Added an Emergency information part.</li>\\n<li>Added the \"Clear All\" button to the Overview screen.</li>\\n<li>Another system partition, which gets updated when not in use, allowing for seamless system updates.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Daydream_(Google)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Daydream (Google)\">Daydream</a> virtual reality platform (VR interface).</li>\\n<li>Improved Doze functionality, which aims to prolong battery life.</li>\\n<li>Improvements to the file browser.</li>\\n<li>More Quick Settings options.</li>\\n<li>Multi-window support, which supports floating apps on a desktop layout.</li>\\n<li>New Data Saver mode, which can force apps to reduce bandwidth usage.</li>\\n<li>New JIT Compiler, making for 75 percent faster app installations and a 50 percent reduction in compiled code size.</li>\\n<li>Just in Time (JIT) compiler with code profiling to ART, which lets it constantly improve the performance of Android apps as they run.<sup id=\"cite_ref-224\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-224\">&#91;222&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Picture-in-picture\" title=\"Picture-in-picture\">Picture-in-picture</a> support for Android TV.</li>\\n<li>Redesigned notification shade, featuring instant access to certain settings.</li>\\n<li>Redesigned Overview screen.</li>\\n<li>Replaced notification cards with notification sheets.</li>\\n<li>Settings app navigation drawer.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vulkan_(API)\" title=\"Vulkan (API)\">Vulkan 3D</a> rendering API.</li>\\n<li>Multiple Device Locales<sup id=\"cite_ref-225\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-225\">&#91;223&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_7.0-en.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android 7.0-en.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Android_7.0-en.png/230px-Android_7.0-en.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Android_7.0-en.png/345px-Android_7.0-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Android_7.0-en.png/460px-Android_7.0-en.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"1920\" /></a><br />Android&#160;7.0 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_7.1_Nougat_.28API_25.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_7.1_Nougat_(API_25)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Nougat\" title=\"Android Nougat\">Android 7.1 Nougat</a> (API 25)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Nougat\" title=\"Android Nougat\">Android 7.1 Nougat</a> (API 25)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1.1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016.\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>7.1\\n</td>\\n<td>October 4, 2016<sup id=\"cite_ref-226\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-226\">&#91;224&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Rearranged notification shade.</li>\\n<li>Touch/display performance improvements.</li>\\n<li>Moves (Fingerprint swipe down gesture&#160;&#8211;&#32;opt-in).</li>\\n<li>Opt-in with new hardware required:\\n<ul><li>Seamless A/B system updates.</li>\\n<li>Daydream VR mode.</li></ul></li>\\n<li>Developer features:\\n<ul><li>Shortcut manager APIs.</li>\\n<li>Circular app icons support.</li>\\n<li>Keyboard image insertion.</li>\\n<li>Fingerprint sensor gesture to open/close notification shade.</li>\\n<li>Manual storage manager Intent for apps.</li>\\n<li>Improved VR thread scheduling.</li>\\n<li>Enhanced wallpaper metadata.</li>\\n<li>Multi-endpoint call support.</li>\\n<li>Support for various MNO requirements.\\n<ul><li>PCDMA voice privacy property.</li>\\n<li>Source type support for Visual Voicemail.</li>\\n<li>Carrier config options for managing telephone videos.</li></ul></li></ul></li>\\n<li>Manual storage manager&#160;&#8211;&#32; identifies files and apps using storage.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"3\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_Nougat_screenshot_20170116-070000.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android Nougat screenshot 20170116-070000.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Android_Nougat_screenshot_20170116-070000.png/230px-Android_Nougat_screenshot_20170116-070000.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Android_Nougat_screenshot_20170116-070000.png/345px-Android_Nougat_screenshot_20170116-070000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Android_Nougat_screenshot_20170116-070000.png/460px-Android_Nougat_screenshot_20170116-070000.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1440\" data-file-height=\"2560\" /></a><br />Android&#160;7.1 home screen</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>7.1.1<sup id=\"cite_ref-227\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-227\">&#91;225&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>December 5, 2016\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>New set of <a href=\"/wiki/Emoji\" title=\"Emoji\">emojis</a> adding different skin tones and haircuts to existing ones.</li>\\n<li>Send GIFs directly from the default keyboard.</li>\\n<li>App shortcuts: Launch actions on apps by long pressing the app icon.</li>\\n<li>Developer Options: Show CPU Usage feature removed.</li></ul>\\n<p><br />\\n</p>\\n</td></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>7.1.2<sup id=\"cite_ref-228\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-228\">&#91;226&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-229\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-229\">&#91;227&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>April 4, 2017\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Battery usage alerts.</li></ul>\\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Oreo\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_8.0_Oreo_.28API_26.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_8.0_Oreo_(API_26)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Oreo\" title=\"Android Oreo\">Android 8.0 Oreo</a> (API 26)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Oreo\" title=\"Android Oreo\">Android 8.0 Oreo</a> (API 26)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Android Oreo is the 8th major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 21, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017.\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>8.0<sup id=\"cite_ref-guardian8_230-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-guardian8-230\">&#91;228&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>August 21, 2017\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li><b>Project Treble</b>, the biggest change to the foundations of Android to date: a modular architecture that makes it easier and faster for hardware makers to deliver Android updates.</li>\\n<li>Picture-in-picture support.</li>\\n<li>Support for Unicode 10.0 emoji (5.0) and replacement of all blob-shaped emojis by round ones with gradients and outlines.</li>\\n<li>Redesigned Quick Settings and Settings with a white background and respectively black and Accent font colors.</li>\\n<li>Restructured Settings by regrouping sections into similar entries.</li>\\n<li>Adaptive icons.</li>\\n<li>Notification improvements.\\n<ul><li>Notification channels.</li>\\n<li>Notification dots (badges).</li>\\n<li>Notification snoozing.</li>\\n<li>Notification shade multi-colors (for music album art, messengers, etc.).</li></ul></li>\\n<li>System-wide Autofill framework.</li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding\" title=\"Advanced Audio Coding\">AAC</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Sony\" title=\"Sony\">Sony</a>\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/LDAC_(codec)\" title=\"LDAC (codec)\">LDAC</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Qualcomm\" title=\"Qualcomm\">Qualcomm</a>\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/AptX\" title=\"AptX\">aptX</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/AptX#aptX_HD\" title=\"AptX\">aptX HD</a> codecs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-231\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-231\">&#91;229&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>App-specific unknown sources.</li>\\n<li>Multi-display support.</li>\\n<li>2 times faster boot time compared to Nougat according to Google, testing on their Pixel devices.<sup id=\"cite_ref-guardian8_230-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-guardian8-230\">&#91;228&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Apps background execution and location limits.</li>\\n<li>Google Play Protect.</li>\\n<li>Downloadable fonts.</li>\\n<li>Integrated printing support.</li>\\n<li>Color management (deep color and wide color gamut).</li>\\n<li>Wi-Fi Assistant.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_8.0_Oreo_Pixel.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android 8.0 Oreo Pixel.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Android_8.0_Oreo_Pixel.png/234px-Android_8.0_Oreo_Pixel.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"234\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Android_8.0_Oreo_Pixel.png/351px-Android_8.0_Oreo_Pixel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Android_8.0_Oreo_Pixel.png/468px-Android_8.0_Oreo_Pixel.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"492\" data-file-height=\"860\" /></a><br />Android&#160;8.0 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Oreo\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h4><span id=\"Android_8.1.0_Oreo_.28API_27.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_8.1.0_Oreo_(API_27)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Oreo\" title=\"Android Oreo\">Android 8.1.0 Oreo</a> (API 27)</span></h4>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Oreo\" title=\"Android Oreo\">Android 8.1.0 Oreo</a> (API 27)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Android Oreo is the 8th major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017, for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017.\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td>8.1.0<sup id=\"cite_ref-232\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-232\">&#91;230&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-233\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-233\">&#91;231&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>December 5, 2017<sup id=\"cite_ref-234\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-234\">&#91;232&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-235\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-235\">&#91;233&#93;</a></sup>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>Neural networks API.</li>\\n<li>Shared memory API.</li>\\n<li>WallpaperColors API.</li>\\n<li>Bluetooth battery level for connected devices, accessible in Quick Settings.</li>\\n<li><b>Android Oreo Go Edition</b>, a lightweight distribution of Android that runs better than normal Android on devices with less than 1&#160;GB of RAM.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android_Go_236-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android_Go-236\">&#91;234&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Autofill framework updates.</li>\\n<li>Programmatic Safe Browsing actions.</li>\\n<li>Navigation buttons dim when not in use.</li>\\n<li>Visual changes to \\'Power Off\\' and \\'Restart\\', including a new screen and floating toolbar.</li>\\n<li>Toast messages are now white with the same existing transparency.</li>\\n<li>Automatic light and dark themes.</li>\\n<li>New Easter egg in the form of an official <a href=\"/wiki/Oreo\" title=\"Oreo\">Oreo cookie</a> picture.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Android_police_oreo_cookie_237-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android_police_oreo_cookie-237\">&#91;235&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android Oreo 8.1 screenshot.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png/230px-Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png/345px-Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png/460px-Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"1920\" /></a><br />Android 8.1 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"Pie\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_9_Pie_.28API_28.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_9_Pie_(API_28)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Pie\" title=\"Android Pie\">Android 9 Pie</a> (API 28)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Pie\" title=\"Android Pie\">Android 9 Pie</a> (API 28)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android Pie (fifth preview, also considered as a \"Release Candidate\") was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018.\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td><b>9</b>\\n<p><b></b>\\n</p>\\n</td>\\n<td><b>August 6, 2018</b>\\n<p><b></b>\\n</p>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>New user interface for the quick settings menu.<sup id=\"cite_ref-xda_238-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-xda-238\">&#91;236&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>The clock has moved to the left of the notification bar.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Verge_239-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Verge-239\">&#91;237&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>The \"dock\" now has a semi-transparent background.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Verge_239-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Verge-239\">&#91;237&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Battery Saver no longer shows an orange overlay on the notification and status bars.<sup id=\"cite_ref-xda_238-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-xda-238\">&#91;236&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>A \"screenshot\" button has been added to the power options.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Verge_239-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Verge-239\">&#91;237&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>A new \"Lockdown\" mode which disables biometric authentication once activated.</li>\\n<li>Rounded corners across the UI.</li>\\n<li>New transitions for switching between apps, or activities within apps.</li>\\n<li>Richer messaging notifications, where a full conversation can be seen within a notification, full-scale images, and smart replies akin to Google\\'s new app, Reply.</li>\\n<li>Support for display cutouts.</li>\\n<li>Redesigned volume slider.</li>\\n<li>Battery percentage now shown in Always-On Display.</li>\\n<li>Lock screen security changes include the possible return of an improved NFC Unlock.</li>\\n<li>Experimental features (which are currently hidden within a menu called Feature Flags) such as a redesigned About Phone page in settings, and automatic Bluetooth enabling while driving.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/DNS_over_TLS\" title=\"DNS over TLS\">DNS over TLS</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-240\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-240\">&#91;238&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>A new optional gesture-based system interface, allowing users to navigate the OS using swipes more often than the traditional UI.</li>\\n<li>Redesigned multitask app switcher with the Google search bar and app drawer built-in.</li>\\n<li>Android Dashboard, which tells the user how much time they are spending on their device and in apps, and allows the user to set time limits on apps.</li>\\n<li>\"Shush\", an enhanced version of Do Not Disturb mode activated by placing the phone face down, which mutes standard notifications.</li>\\n<li>\"Adaptive Battery\" prediction, which makes use of Doze to hibernate user apps the OS determines the user will not use.</li>\\n<li>Auto-Brightness feature modifies screen brightness based on user habits.</li>\\n<li>Wind Down option lets Android users set a specific bedtime that enables Do Not Disturb and turns the entire phone\\'s interface gray to discourage further use at night.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vulkan_(API)\" title=\"Vulkan (API)\">Vulkan 1.1</a> support.</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_Pie.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android Pie.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Android_Pie.png/230px-Android_Pie.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Android_Pie.png/345px-Android_Pie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Android_Pie.png/460px-Android_Pie.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"1920\" /></a><br />Android 9.0 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"10\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_10_.28API_29.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_10_(API_29)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_10\" title=\"Android 10\">Android 10</a> (API 29)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_10\" title=\"Android 10\">Android 10</a> (API 29)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Android 10 is the tenth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 13, 2019, and the first beta was released on the same day (under the name \"Android Q\" at the time). The second beta was released on April 3, 2019. The third beta was released at the <a href=\"/wiki/Google_I/O\" title=\"Google I/O\">Google I/O</a> conference on May 7, 2019. Then, on June 5, Google released the fourth beta, with the finalized APIs and SDK (API Level 29).\\n<p>On July 10, 2019, Google released Beta 5 with the final API 29 SDK as well as the latest optimizations and bug fixes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-241\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-241\">&#91;239&#93;</a></sup> This is the release candidate for testing.<sup id=\"cite_ref-242\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-242\">&#91;240&#93;</a></sup> On August 7, 2019, <a href=\"/wiki/Google\" title=\"Google\">Google</a> released Beta 6, which was the last beta before the announcement of Android Q. On August 22, 2019, <a href=\"/wiki/Google\" title=\"Google\">Google</a> announced that the official release version would be called just Android 10 dropping the convention of using letter and dessert nicknames publicly. Android 10 was going to be known as \"<a href=\"/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_cake\" title=\"Queen Elizabeth cake\">Queen Cake</a>\". Internally, Android 10 is known as Quince Tart.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Quince_Tart_243-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Quince_Tart-243\">&#91;241&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Queen_Cake_244-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Queen_Cake-244\">&#91;242&#93;</a></sup> The stable version of Android 10 was released on September 3, 2019.\\n</p>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td><b>10</b>\\n<p><b></b>\\n</p>\\n</td>\\n<td><b>September 3, 2019</b>\\n<p><b></b>\\n</p>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>New permissions to access location in background and to access photo, video and audio files.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Background apps can no longer jump into the foreground.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Limited access to non-resettable device identifiers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Sharing shortcuts, which allow sharing content with a contact directly.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Floating settings panel, that allows changing system settings directly from apps.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Dynamic depth format for photos, which allow changing background blur after taking a photo.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Support for the <a href=\"/wiki/AV1\" title=\"AV1\">AV1</a> video codec, the <a href=\"/wiki/HDR10%2B\" title=\"HDR10+\">HDR10+</a> video format and the <a href=\"/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)\" title=\"Opus (audio format)\">Opus</a> audio codec.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/AptX#aptX_Adaptive\" title=\"AptX\">aptX Adaptive</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/LHDC_(codec)#LHDC\" title=\"LHDC (codec)\">LHDC</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/LHDC_(codec)#LLAC\" title=\"LHDC (codec)\">LLAC</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/CELT\" title=\"CELT\">CELT</a> and AAC LATM codecs<sup id=\"cite_ref-246\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-246\">&#91;244&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-247\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-247\">&#91;245&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>A native <a href=\"/wiki/MIDI\" title=\"MIDI\">MIDI</a> API, allowing interaction with music controllers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Better support for <a href=\"/wiki/Biometric_authentication\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Biometric authentication\">biometric authentication</a> in apps.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Support for the <a href=\"/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access#WPA3\" title=\"Wi-Fi Protected Access\">WPA3</a> Wi-Fi security protocol.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Support for <a href=\"/wiki/Foldable_phone\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Foldable phone\">foldable phones</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-introducingqbeta_245-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-introducingqbeta-245\">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>Support for Notification Bubbles.<sup id=\"cite_ref-qbeta2_248-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-qbeta2-248\">&#91;246&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-notificationbubbles_249-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-notificationbubbles-249\">&#91;247&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li>New system-wide dark theme/mode<sup id=\"cite_ref-250\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-250\">&#91;248&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-251\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-251\">&#91;249&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><b>Project Mainline</b>, allows core OS components to be updated via the <a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Store\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Play Store\">Google Play Store</a>, without requiring a complete system update<sup id=\"cite_ref-252\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-252\">&#91;250&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_Q_Beta6_screenshot.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android Q Beta6 screenshot.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Android_Q_Beta6_screenshot.png/199px-Android_Q_Beta6_screenshot.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"199\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Android_Q_Beta6_screenshot.png/298px-Android_Q_Beta6_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Android_Q_Beta6_screenshot.png/398px-Android_Q_Beta6_screenshot.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"2220\" /></a><br />Android 10 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<p><span id=\"11\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:100%; font-size:90%;\">\\n\\n<tbody><tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;\" colspan=\"4\"><div style=\"overflow:hidden;width:0;height:0;margin:-1ex;float:right\">\\n<h3><span id=\"Android_11_.28API_30.29\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Android_11_(API_30)\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_11\" title=\"Android 11\">Android 11</a> (API 30)</span></h3>\\n</div><a href=\"/wiki/Android_11\" title=\"Android 11\">Android 11</a> (API 30)\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<th style=\"text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;\" colspan=\"4\">Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day.<sup id=\"cite_ref-253\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-253\">&#91;251&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-254\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-254\">&#91;252&#93;</a></sup>\\n<p>Android 11 Beta was postponed from being launched on June 3, 2020.<sup id=\"cite_ref-eleven-beta_255-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-eleven-beta-255\">&#91;253&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n</th></tr>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;\">Version\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Release date</span>\\n</th>\\n<th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;\">Features\\n</th><th style=\"background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;\">Image(s)</th>\\n</tr>\\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\\n<td><b>11</b>\\n<p><b></b>\\n</p>\\n</td>\\n<td><b>TBD</b>\\n<p><b></b>\\n</p>\\n</td>\\n<td>\\n<ul><li>New permissions controls.</li>\\n<li>API distinction between standalone</li></ul>\\n</td><td rowspan=\"1\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_R_(Developer_Preview_1)_screenshot.png\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Android R (Developer Preview 1) screenshot.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Android_R_%28Developer_Preview_1%29_screenshot.png/204px-Android_R_%28Developer_Preview_1%29_screenshot.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"204\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Android_R_%28Developer_Preview_1%29_screenshot.png/307px-Android_R_%28Developer_Preview_1%29_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Android_R_%28Developer_Preview_1%29_screenshot.png/409px-Android_R_%28Developer_Preview_1%29_screenshot.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"2160\" /></a><br />Android 11 home screen</td>\\n</tr></tbody></table>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Hardware_requirements\"><span id=\"HWREQ\"></span>Hardware requirements</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Hardware requirements\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Android_(operating_system)#Hardware\" title=\"Android (operating system)\">Android (operating system) \\xc2\\xa7&#160;Hardware</a></div>\\n<p>The main hardware platform for Android is the <a href=\"/wiki/ARM_architecture\" title=\"ARM architecture\">ARM architecture</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/ARMv7\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ARMv7\">ARMv7</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/ARMv8-A\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ARMv8-A\">ARMv8-A</a> architectures; formerly also ARMv5), with <a href=\"/wiki/X86\" title=\"X86\">x86</a><sup id=\"cite_ref-257\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-257\">&#91;c&#93;</a></sup> and <a href=\"/wiki/MIPS_architecture\" title=\"MIPS architecture\">MIPS</a><sup id=\"cite_ref-259\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-259\">&#91;d&#93;</a></sup> architectures also officially supported in later versions of Android, but MIPS support has since been deprecated and support was removed in NDK r17.<sup id=\"cite_ref-260\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-260\">&#91;256&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Unofficial <a href=\"/wiki/Android-x86\" title=\"Android-x86\">Android-x86</a> project used to provide support for the x86 and MIPS architectures ahead of the official support.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ARMAN-4.0-on-x86_261-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ARMAN-4.0-on-x86-261\">&#91;257&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Android_on_Intel_Architecture_262-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android_on_Intel_Architecture-262\">&#91;258&#93;</a></sup>\\nIn 2012, Android devices with <a href=\"/wiki/Intel\" title=\"Intel\">Intel</a> processors began to appear, including phones<sup id=\"cite_ref-263\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-263\">&#91;259&#93;</a></sup> and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on <a href=\"/wiki/ARM64\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ARM64\">ARM64</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-264\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-264\">&#91;260&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-265\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-265\">&#91;261&#93;</a></sup> Since Android&#160;5.0 Lollipop, 64-bit variants of all platforms are supported in addition to the 32-bit variants.\\n</p><p>Requirements for the minimum amount of <a href=\"/wiki/Random-access_memory\" title=\"Random-access memory\">RAM</a> for devices running Android&#160;7.1 depend on screen size and density and type of CPU, ranging from 816<span class=\"nowrap\">&#160;</span>MB\\xe2\\x80\\x931.8<span class=\"nowrap\">&#160;</span>GB for 64-bit and 512<span class=\"nowrap\">&#160;</span>MB\\xe2\\x80\\x931.3<span class=\"nowrap\">&#160;</span>GB for 32-bit meaning in practice 1<span class=\"nowrap\">&#160;</span>GB for the most common type of display (while minimum for Android watch is 416<span class=\"nowrap\">&#160;</span>MB).<sup id=\"cite_ref-266\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-266\">&#91;262&#93;</a></sup> The recommendation for Android&#160;4.4 is to have at least 512&#160;MB of RAM,<sup id=\"cite_ref-267\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-267\">&#91;263&#93;</a></sup> while for \"low RAM\" devices 340&#160;MB is the required minimum amount that does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as the <a href=\"/wiki/Baseband_processor\" title=\"Baseband processor\">baseband processor</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-cdd-4.4_144-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cdd-4.4-144\">&#91;142&#93;</a></sup>  Android 4.4 requires a <a href=\"/wiki/32-bit\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"32-bit\">32-bit</a> <a href=\"/wiki/ARMv7\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ARMv7\">ARMv7</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/MIPS_architecture\" title=\"MIPS architecture\">MIPS</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/X86\" title=\"X86\">x86</a> architecture processor (latter two through unofficial ports),<sup id=\"cite_ref-ARMAN-4.0-on-x86_261-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ARMAN-4.0-on-x86-261\">&#91;257&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Android_on_Intel_Architecture_262-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Android_on_Intel_Architecture-262\">&#91;258&#93;</a></sup> together with an <a href=\"/wiki/OpenGL_ES\" title=\"OpenGL ES\">OpenGL ES</a> 2.0 compatible <a href=\"/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit\" title=\"Graphics processing unit\">graphics processing unit</a> (GPU).<sup id=\"cite_ref-android-opengl-2.0_268-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-android-opengl-2.0-268\">&#91;264&#93;</a></sup> Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.2 and since Android 7.0 <a href=\"/wiki/Vulkan_(API)\" title=\"Vulkan (API)\">Vulkan</a> (and version 1.1 available for some devices<sup id=\"cite_ref-269\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-269\">&#91;265&#93;</a></sup>). Some applications may explicitly require a certain version of the OpenGL ES, and suitable GPU hardware is required to run such applications.<sup id=\"cite_ref-android-opengl-2.0_268-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-android-opengl-2.0-268\">&#91;264&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Android used to require an <a href=\"/wiki/Autofocus\" title=\"Autofocus\">autofocus</a> camera, which was relaxed to a <a href=\"/wiki/Fixed-focus_lens\" title=\"Fixed-focus lens\">fixed-focus</a> camera.<sup id=\"cite_ref-android-compatibility_270-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-android-compatibility-270\">&#91;266&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"See_also\">See also</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: See also\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r936637989\">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Portals\" class=\"noprint portal plainlist tright\">\\n<ul>\\n<li><span><a href=\"/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"icon\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/24px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"28\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/37px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/49px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"896\" data-file-height=\"1024\" /></a></span><span><a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming\" title=\"Portal:Computer programming\">Computer programming portal</a></span></li></ul></div>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/IOS_version_history\" title=\"IOS version history\">iOS version history</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tizen#History\" title=\"Tizen\">Tizen \\xc2\\xa7&#160;History</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wear_OS\" title=\"Wear OS\">Wear OS</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32; originally called Android Wear</li></ul>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Notes\">Notes</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Notes\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\">\\n<li id=\"cite_note-75\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-75\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.<sup id=\"cite_ref-73\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-73\">&#91;73&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-74\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-74\">&#91;74&#93;</a></sup></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-102\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-102\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the <a href=\"/wiki/Near_Field_Communication\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Near Field Communication\">NFC</a> capabilities of the Nexus phone.<sup id=\"cite_ref-100\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-100\">&#91;99&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-101\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-101\">&#91;100&#93;</a></sup></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-257\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-257\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lowest supported x86 generation is the <a href=\"/wiki/P6_microarchitecture\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"P6 microarchitecture\">P6 microarchitecture</a>, also called i686.<sup id=\"cite_ref-arch_256-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-arch-256\">&#91;254&#93;</a></sup></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-259\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-259\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Supported is revision 1 of MIPS32<sup id=\"cite_ref-258\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-258\">&#91;255&#93;</a></sup> and revision 6 for 64-bit MIPS64<sup id=\"cite_ref-arch_256-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-arch-256\">&#91;254&#93;</a></sup></span>\\n</li>\\n</ol></div></div>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\"><ol class=\"references\">\\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFElgin2005\" class=\"citation web\">Elgin, Ben (August 17, 2005). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.webcitation.org/5wk7sIvVb?url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2005/tc20050817_0949_tc024.htm\">\"Google Buys Android for Its Mobile Arsenal\"</a>. <i>Bloomberg Businessweek</i>. Bloomberg. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2005/tc20050817_0949_tc024.htm\">the original</a> on February 24, 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">February 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Businessweek&amp;rft.atitle=Google+Buys+Android+for+Its+Mobile+Arsenal&amp;rft.date=2005-08-17&amp;rft.aulast=Elgin&amp;rft.aufirst=Ben&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Ftechnology%2Fcontent%2Faug2005%2Ftc20050817_0949_tc024.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r951705291\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\\\"\"\"\\\\\"\"\"\\'\"\"\\'\"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png\");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130612205755/https://plus.google.com/%2BAndroidPolice/posts/MwDsoxDJ9qQ\">\"Dianne Hackborn\"</a>. Google+. September 1, 2012. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://plus.google.com/+AndroidPolice/posts/MwDsoxDJ9qQ\">the original</a> on June 12, 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Dianne+Hackborn&amp;rft.pub=Google%2B&amp;rft.date=2012-09-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplus.google.com%2F%2BAndroidPolice%2Fposts%2FMwDsoxDJ9qQ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130119193144/https://plus.google.com/112413860260589530492/posts/WrBh6fsChfH\">\"Dan Morrill\"</a>. Google+. January 2, 2013. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://plus.google.com/112413860260589530492/posts/WrBh6fsChfH\">the original</a> on January 19, 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">January 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Dan+Morrill&amp;rft.pub=Google%2B&amp;rft.date=2013-01-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplus.google.com%2F112413860260589530492%2Fposts%2FWrBh6fsChfH&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/11/google-launches-android-open-mobile.html\">\"Google Launches Android, an Open Mobile Platform\"</a>. Google Operating System. November 5, 2007. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110930055836/http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/11/google-launches-android-open-mobile.html\">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2011.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Google+Launches+Android%2C+an+Open+Mobile+Platform&amp;rft.pub=Google+Operating+System&amp;rft.date=2007-11-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgooglesystem.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F11%2Fgoogle-launches-android-open-mobile.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://gizmodo.com/318561/live-googles-gphone-open-handset-alliance-conference-call\">\"Live Google\\'s gPhone Open handset alliance conference call\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(transcript)</span>. <a href=\"/wiki/Gizmodo\" title=\"Gizmodo\">Gizmodo</a>. November 5, 2007. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154205/http://gizmodo.com/#!318561/live-googles-gphone-open-handset-alliance-conference-call\">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">February 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Live+Google%27s+gPhone+Open+handset+alliance+conference+call&amp;rft.pub=Gizmodo&amp;rft.date=2007-11-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2F318561%2Flive-googles-gphone-open-handset-alliance-conference-call&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.macworld.com/article/61005/2007/11/androidsdk.html\">\"Google releases Android SDK\"</a>. Macworld. November 12, 2007. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100822061319/http://www.macworld.com/article/61005/2007/11/androidsdk.html\">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2010<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">February 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Google+releases+Android+SDK&amp;rft.pub=Macworld&amp;rft.date=2007-11-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F61005%2F2007%2F11%2Fandroidsdk.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-sdk-archives-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-sdk-archives_7-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/sdk/older_releases.html\">\"SDK Archives\"</a>. <i>Android Developers</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150303224554/http://developer.android.com/sdk/older_releases.html\">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">March 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android+Developers&amp;rft.atitle=SDK+Archives&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fsdk%2Folder_releases.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/6/\">\"The history of Android: Android 1.0\\xe2\\x80\\x94introducing Google Apps and actual hardware\"</a>. Ars Technica. June 16, 2014. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150310151326/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/6/\">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">December 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+history+of+Android%3A+Android+1.0%E2%80%94introducing+Google+Apps+and+actual+hardware&amp;rft.pub=Ars+Technica&amp;rft.date=2014-06-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2014%2F06%2Fbuilding-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os%2F6%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-unofficial_and_official_codenames-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/09/17/a-history-of-pre-cupcake-android-codenames/\">\"A History of Pre-Cupcake Android Codenames\"</a>. <i>Android Police</i>. September 17, 2012. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130825191904/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/09/17/a-history-of-pre-cupcake-android-codenames/\">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">December 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android+Police&amp;rft.atitle=A+History+of+Pre-Cupcake+Android+Codenames&amp;rft.date=2012-09-17&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidpolice.com%2F2012%2F09%2F17%2Fa-history-of-pre-cupcake-android-codenames%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.blog.google/products/android/evolving-android-brand/\">\"A pop of color and more: updates to Android\\'s brand\"</a>. <i>Google</i>. August 22, 2019.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Google&amp;rft.atitle=A+pop+of+color+and+more%3A+updates+to+Android%E2%80%99s+brand&amp;rft.date=2019-08-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blog.google%2Fproducts%2Fandroid%2Fevolving-android-brand%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-1.1\">\"Android 1.1 Version Notes\"</a>. <i>Android Developers</i>. Google<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">December 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android+Developers&amp;rft.atitle=Android+1.1+Version+Notes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fabout%2Fversions%2Fandroid-1.1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/donut\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/donut\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Fdonut&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/eclair\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/eclair\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Feclair&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/froyo\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/froyo\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Ffroyo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/gingerbread\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/gingerbread\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Fgingerbread&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/honeycomb\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/honeycomb\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Fhoneycomb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/icecream\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/icecream\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Ficecream&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/jellybean\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/jellybean\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Fjellybean&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/kitkat\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/kitkat\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Fkitkat&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/lollipop\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/lollipop\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Flollipop&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/history/#/marshmallow\">\"Android - History\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/marshmallow\">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+-+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fhistory%2F%23%2Fmarshmallow&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/versions/nougat-7-0/\">\"Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Nougat\"</a>. <i>Android</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160822165625/https://www.android.com/versions/nougat-7-0/\">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2016.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+%E2%80%93+Nougat&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fversions%2Fnougat-7-0%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element\">\"What is API Level?\"</a>. <i>Android Developers</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">December 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android+Developers&amp;rft.atitle=What+is+API+Level%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fguide%2Ftopics%2Fmanifest%2Fuses-sdk-element&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developers.google.com/android/images#marlin\">\"Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices - \"marlin\" for Pixel XL\"</a>. <i>Google Developers</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">December 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Google+Developers&amp;rft.atitle=Factory+Images+for+Nexus+and+Pixel+Devices+-+%22marlin%22+for+Pixel+XL&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.google.com%2Fandroid%2Fimages%23marlin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developers.google.com/android/images#sailfish\">\"Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices - \"sailfish\" for Pixel\"</a>. <i>Google Developers</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">December 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Google+Developers&amp;rft.atitle=Factory+Images+for+Nexus+and+Pixel+Devices+-+%22sailfish%22+for+Pixel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.google.com%2Fandroid%2Fimages%23sailfish&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/versions/oreo-8-0/\">\"Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 8.0 Oreo\"</a>. <i>Android</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">December 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+%E2%80%93+8.0+Oreo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fversions%2Foreo-8-0%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/versions/pie-9-0/\">\"Android 9 Pie\"</a>. <i>Android</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+9+Pie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fversions%2Fpie-9-0%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/android-10/\">\"Android 10\"</a>. <i>Android</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android&amp;rft.atitle=Android+10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fandroid-10%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFMorrill2008\" class=\"citation web\">Morrill, Dan (September 23, 2008). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html\">\"Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1\"</a>. Android Developers Blog<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">January 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Announcing+the+Android+1.0+SDK%2C+release+1&amp;rft.pub=Android+Developers+Blog&amp;rft.date=2008-09-23&amp;rft.aulast=Morrill&amp;rft.aufirst=Dan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fandroid-developers.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F09%2Fannouncing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-HTC-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-HTC_30-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131016001926/http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&amp;title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android\">\"T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 the First Phone Powered by Android\"</a>. T-Mobile. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&amp;title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android\">the original</a> on October 16, 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Android Developers<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Engadget<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">November 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Nexus+One+gets+tiny+update+to+Android+2.2.2%2C+fixes+SMS+routing+issues&amp;rft.date=2011-01-22&amp;rft.aulast=Hollister&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2011%2F01%2F22%2Fnexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-60\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-60\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1\">\"Android 2.2.3 source tag\"</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">September 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+2.2.3+source+tag&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandroid.googlesource.com%2Fplatform%2Fbuild%2F%2B%2Frefs%2Ftags%2Fandroid-2.2.3_r1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-gingerbread-highlights-61\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-gingerbread-highlights_61-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-gingerbread-highlights_61-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html\">\"Android 2.3 Platform Highlights\"</a>. 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March 29, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-ICS29mar2012-106\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-ICS29mar2012_106-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7\">Google announces 4.0.4 on Google+</a>. March 28, 2012. 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Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-4.3.1changelog-140\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-4.3.1changelog_140-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/\">\"Factory Image And Binaries Are Now Available For The Nexus 7 LTE Android 4.3.1 Update (JLS36I)\"</a>. Android Police. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-KitkatBBC-141\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-KitkatBBC_141-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFKelion2013\" class=\"citation news\">Kelion, Leo (September 3, 2013). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938\">\"Android KitKat announced\"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">July 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Android+5.0+Key+Lime+Pie+release+date%2C+news+and+rumors&amp;rft.date=2013-07-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fus%2Fnews%2Fphone-and-communications%2Fmobile-phones%2Fandroid-5-0-key-lime-pie-release-date-news-and-rumours-1091500&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Nexus_5_review-143\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-4\"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Nexus_5_review_143-5\"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFMolen2013\" class=\"citation news\">Molen, Brad (November 5, 2013). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/\">\"Engadget review the Nexus 5\"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">November 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Engadget+review+the+Nexus+5&amp;rft.date=2013-11-05&amp;rft.aulast=Molen&amp;rft.aufirst=Brad&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2013%2F11%2F05%2Fnexus-5-review%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-cdd-4.4-144\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-cdd-4.4_144-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cdd-4.4_144-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\">\"7.6.1\". <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140304103236/http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en/us/compatibility/android-cdd.pdf\"><i>Android Compatibility Definition Document</i></a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> (4.4 ed.). 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Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-androiddev-44-146\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-androiddev-44_146-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html\">\"Android KitKat\"</a>. <i>Android Developers Portal</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">March 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=source.android.com&amp;rft.atitle=Android+Developers%3A+ART+and+Dalvik&amp;rft.date=2015-03-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsource.android.com%2Fdevices%2Ftech%2Fdalvik%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-154\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-154\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFDavid_Ruddock2013\" class=\"citation web\">David Ruddock (October 31, 2013). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/\">\"KitKat Feature Spotlight: Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less\"</a>. 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November 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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November 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+4.4.3+aka+KitKat+MR2+is+rolling+out+-+Google%2B&amp;rft.pub=Android+Developers+%28Google%2B%29&amp;rft.date=2014-06-03&amp;rft.au=Android+Developers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplus.google.com%2F%2BAndroidDevelopers%2Fposts%2FEfKRBGm19dT&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-164\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-164\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFKellex2014\" class=\"citation web\">Kellex (June 19, 2014). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/\">\"Whoa: Android 4.4.4 Factory Images Posted as Build KTU84P\"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Whoa%3A+Android+4.4.4+Factory+Images+Posted+as+Build+KTU84P&amp;rft.pub=Droid+Life&amp;rft.date=2014-06-19&amp;rft.au=Kellex&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.droid-life.com%2F2014%2F06%2F19%2Fwhoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-165\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-165\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFRyan_Whitwam2014\" class=\"citation web\">Ryan Whitwam (June 19, 2014). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/\">\"Google Rolling Out Android 4.4.4 Update (KTU84P) With A Security Fix, Factory Images/Binaries Up For Nexus Devices\"</a>. androidpolice.com<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Google+Rolling+Out+Android+4.4.4+Update+%28KTU84P%29+With+A+Security+Fix%2C+Factory+Images%2FBinaries+Up+For+Nexus+Devices&amp;rft.pub=androidpolice.com&amp;rft.date=2014-06-19&amp;rft.au=Ryan+Whitwam&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidpolice.com%2F2014%2F06%2F19%2Fgoogle-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Wear_source_code-166\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Wear_source_code_166-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFRob\" class=\"citation web\">Rob, Triggs. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/\">\"Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP\"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">July 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Google+uploads+part+of+the+Android+Wear+source+code+to+AOSP&amp;rft.pub=Android+Authority&amp;rft.aulast=Rob&amp;rft.aufirst=Triggs&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidauthority.com%2Fandroid-wear-source-code-aosp-408276%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-167\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-167\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFAndrew_Grush2014\" class=\"citation web\">Andrew Grush (September 6, 2014). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/\">\"Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I/O 2014\"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">January 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+Wear+platform+fully+unveiled+at+I%2FO+2014&amp;rft.pub=Android+Authority&amp;rft.date=2014-09-06&amp;rft.au=Andrew+Grush&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidauthority.com%2Fandroid-wear-io-official-397096%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-168\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-168\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFMichael_Crider2014\" class=\"citation web\">Michael Crider (September 6, 2014). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/\">\"Samsung Gear Live Updated To Android Wear 4.4W.1 Build KGW42N: Here\\'s What\\'s New\"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">January 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+Wear+4.4W.2+Build+KNX01Q+Starts+Rolling+Out+For+The+LG+G+Watch%2C+Brings+Offline+Music+And+GPS+Support+%28Though+You+Can%27t+Use+The+Latter%29&amp;rft.pub=Android+Police&amp;rft.date=2014-10-21&amp;rft.au=Rita+El+Khoury&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidpolice.com%2F2014%2F10%2F21%2Fandroid-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-PCWorldJun2014-170\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-PCWorldJun2014_170-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html\">\"From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O\"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=From+Android+L+to+Google+Fit%3A+All+the+new+products+and+features+from+Google+I%2FO&amp;rft.pub=PC+World&amp;rft.date=2014-06-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F2367746%2Ffrom-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i%2Ffrom-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-171\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-171\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780\">\"Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days\"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Engadget&amp;rft.atitle=Google%27s+new+%27Material+Design%27+UI+coming+to+Android%2C+Chrome+OS+and+the+web&amp;rft.date=2014-06-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2014%2F06%2F25%2Fgoogles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-173\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-173\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/\">\"We just played with Android\\'s L Developer Preview\"</a>. <i>Engadget</i>. 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Once the device hits the midnight+ idle fstrim request time, then we already aggressively attempt to fstrim at the first available moment thereafter...\\'Available\\' here means charging + device idle.</q></cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android+Git+Repositories&amp;rft.atitle=Commit+4f868ed+to+platform%2Fframeworks%2Fbase&amp;rft.date=2014-11-21&amp;rft.aulast=Tate&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandroid.googlesource.com%2Fplatform%2Fframeworks%2Fbase%2F%2B%2F4f868ed&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-194\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-194\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFStephen_Schenck2014\" class=\"citation web\">Stephen Schenck (December 22, 2014). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes\">\"What\\'s actually new in Android 5.0.2?\"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">August 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=developer.android.com&amp;rft.atitle=Support+and+Release+Notes+%7C+Android+Developers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fpreview%2Fsupport.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-203\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-203\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2015/10/get-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html\">\"Get ready for the sweet taste of Android 6.0 Marshmallow\"</a>. Android Developers<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">October 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Get+ready+for+the+sweet+taste+of+Android+6.0+Marshmallow&amp;rft.pub=Android+Developers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fofficialandroid.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F10%2Fget-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-204\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-204\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io\">\"Now on Tap\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Now+on+Tap&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2015%2F5%2F28%2F8681875%2Fnow-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-205\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-205\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html\">\"Android Doze\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+Doze&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Ftraining%2Fmonitoring-device-state%2Fdoze-standby.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-206\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-206\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0\">\"Android vertical app drawer\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+vertical+app+drawer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.android.com%2Fintl%2Fen_in%2Fversions%2Fmarshmallow-6-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-207\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-207\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#direct-share\">\"Android 6.0 APIs - Android Developers\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+6.0+APIs+-+Android+Developers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fabout%2Fversions%2Fmarshmallow%2Fandroid-6.0.html%23direct-share&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-208\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-208\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html\">\"Handling App Links\"</a>. <i>developer.android.com</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=developer.android.com&amp;rft.atitle=Handling+App+Links&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Ftraining%2Fapp-links%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-209\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-209\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking\">\"App Linking in Android 6.0\"</a>. <i>developer.android.com</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=developer.android.com&amp;rft.atitle=App+Linking+in+Android+6.0&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fabout%2Fversions%2Fmarshmallow%2Fandroid-6.0.html%23app-linking&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-210\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-210\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0\\xe2\\x80\\x99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/\">\"Use Android 6.0\\'s Hidden System UI Tuner to Customize Your Quick Settings and Status Bar\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Use+Android+6.0%27s+Hidden+System+UI+Tuner+to+Customize+Your+Quick+Settings+and+Status+Bar&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtogeek.com%2F231078%2Fuse-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-211\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-211\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#backup\">\"Android 6.0 APIs - Android Developers\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+6.0+APIs+-+Android+Developers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fabout%2Fversions%2Fmarshmallow%2Fandroid-6.0.html%23backup&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-212\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-212\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#4K-display\">\"Android 6.0 APIs - Android Developers\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+6.0+APIs+-+Android+Developers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fabout%2Fversions%2Fmarshmallow%2Fandroid-6.0.html%234K-display&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-213\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-213\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage\">\"Android 6.0 APIs - Android Developers\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+6.0+APIs+-+Android+Developers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fabout%2Fversions%2Fmarshmallow%2Fandroid-6.0.html%23adoptable-storage&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-214\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-214\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage\">\"Everything you need to know about your SD card and Adoptable storage\"</a>. April 7, 2017.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Everything+you+need+to+know+about+your+SD+card+and+Adoptable+storage&amp;rft.date=2017-04-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidcentral.com%2Fadoptable-storage&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-215\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-215\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html\">\"MIDI - Android Open Source Project\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=MIDI+-+Android+Open+Source+Project&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsource.android.com%2Fdevices%2Faudio%2Fmidi.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-216\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-216\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/\">\"How to Unlock the Hidden Multi-Window Mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+to+Unlock+the+Hidden+Multi-Window+Mode+in+Android+6.0+Marshmallow&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fandroid.wonderhowto.com%2Fhow-to%2Funlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-217\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-217\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230/\">\"Enable Multi-Window mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow with a bit of tinkering\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Enable+Multi-Window+mode+in+Android+6.0+Marshmallow+with+a+bit+of+tinkering&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidauthority.com%2Fmulti-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-218\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-218\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html\">\"Request App Permissions &#160;-&#160; Android Developers\"</a>. <i>Android Developers</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android+Developers&amp;rft.atitle=Request+App+Permissions++-++Android+Developers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Ftraining%2Fpermissions%2Frequesting.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-android-6-0-1-gadgetzarena-219\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-android-6-0-1-gadgetzarena_219-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013\">\"Google releases Android 6.0.1 Factory Images for Nexus 6P/6, Nexus 5X/5, Nexus Player, Nexus 9 And Nexus 7 &#91;2013&#93;\"</a>. <i>GadgetzArena</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GadgetzArena&amp;rft.atitle=Google+releases+Android+6.0.1+Factory+Images+for+Nexus+6P%2F6%2C+Nexus+5X%2F5%2C+Nexus+Player%2C+Nexus+9+And+Nexus+7+%5B2013%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gadgetzarena.com%2Fnews%2Fgoogle-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-emojipedia-601-220\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-emojipedia-601_220-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/\">\"Android 6.0.1 Emoji Changelog\"</a>. <i>Emojipedia</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">February 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Emojipedia&amp;rft.atitle=Android+6.0.1+Emoji+Changelog&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.emojipedia.org%2Fandroid-6-0-1-emoji-changelog%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-221\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-221\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/\">\"Android 7.0 Nougat Developer Preview 5 - the final preview - is available for download\"</a>. <i>Android Police</i>. July 18, 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">July 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android+Police&amp;rft.atitle=Android+7.0+Nougat+Developer+Preview+5+-+the+final+preview+-+is+available+for+download&amp;rft.date=2016-07-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidpolice.com%2F2016%2F07%2F18%2Fandroid-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-222\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-222\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFCrowleyLawrence2016\" class=\"citation web\">Crowley, Paul; Lawrence, Paul (November 17, 2016). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html\">\"Pixel Security: Better, Faster, Stronger\"</a>. <i>Google Security Blog</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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May 30, 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.theverge.com&amp;rft.atitle=Google+delays+the+Android+11+Beta+announcement+as+protests+roil+US+cities&amp;rft.date=2020-05-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2020%2F5%2F30%2F21275399%2Fgoogle-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-arch-256\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-arch_256-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-arch_256-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/android_mk.html\">\"The syntax of the Android.mk build file\"</a>. <i>developer.android.com</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150610133143/http://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/android_mk.html\">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=developer.android.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+syntax+of+the+Android.mk+build+file&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fndk%2Fguides%2Fandroid_mk.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-258\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-258\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFShah2015\" class=\"citation news\">Shah, Agam (March 23, 2015). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.pcworld.com/article/2900912/imagination-floats-sub100-mips-tablet-running-firefox-os.html\">\"Imagination floats sub-$100 MIPS tablet running Firefox OS\"</a>. <i>PC World</i>. IDG. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150605161158/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2900912/imagination-floats-sub100-mips-tablet-running-firefox-os.html\">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=PC+World&amp;rft.atitle=Imagination+floats+sub-%24100+MIPS+tablet+running+Firefox+OS&amp;rft.date=2015-03-23&amp;rft.aulast=Shah&amp;rft.aufirst=Agam&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F2900912%2Fimagination-floats-sub100-mips-tablet-running-firefox-os.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-260\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-260\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis.html#mips64\">\"ABI Management\"</a>. <i>Android Developers</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">August 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android+Developers&amp;rft.atitle=ABI+Management&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fndk%2Fguides%2Fabis.html%23mips64&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-ARMAN-4.0-on-x86-261\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-ARMAN-4.0-on-x86_261-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-ARMAN-4.0-on-x86_261-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFShah2011\" class=\"citation web\">Shah, Agam (December 1, 2011). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors\">\"Google\\'s Android 4.0 ported to x86 processors\"</a>. <i>Computerworld</i>. International Data Group. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120124084934/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors\">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">February 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Computerworld&amp;rft.atitle=Google%27s+Android+4.0+ported+to+x86+processors&amp;rft.date=2011-12-01&amp;rft.aulast=Shah&amp;rft.aufirst=Agam&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Fs%2Farticle%2F9222323%2FGoogle_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Android_on_Intel_Architecture-262\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Android_on_Intel_Architecture_262-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Android_on_Intel_Architecture_262-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://01.org/android-ia/\">\"Android on Intel Architecture\"</a>. 01.org. July 11, 2013. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140209101735/https://01.org/android-ia/\">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">November 24,</span> 2014</span>. <q>It\\'s supported on ARM, x86, and MIPS architectures and is fully 64-bit compatible.</q></cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=developer.android.com&amp;rft.atitle=Android+Lollipop&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fabout%2Fversions%2Flollipop.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-265\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-265\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://techbeasts.com/how-to-check-which-of-the-processor-arm-arm64-or-x86-powers-your-smartphone/\">\"How to check which of the Processor, ARM, ARM64 or x86, powers your smartphone\"</a>. April 16, 2016. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161127151623/http://techbeasts.com/how-to-check-which-of-the-processor-arm-arm64-or-x86-powers-your-smartphone\">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2016.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+to+check+which+of+the+Processor%2C+ARM%2C+ARM64+or+x86%2C+powers+your+smartphone&amp;rft.date=2016-04-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechbeasts.com%2Fhow-to-check-which-of-the-processor-arm-arm64-or-x86-powers-your-smartphone%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-266\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-266\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://source.android.com/compatibility/7.1/android-7.1-cdd.pdf\">\"Android 7.1 Compatibility Definition\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">August 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Android+7.1+Compatibility+Definition&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsource.android.com%2Fcompatibility%2F7.1%2Fandroid-7.1-cdd.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-267\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-267\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html\">\"Android KitKat\"</a>. <i>Android Developers Portal</i>. android.com. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131116015420/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html\">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">November 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Android+Developers+Portal&amp;rft.atitle=Android+KitKat&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fabout%2Fversions%2Fkitkat.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-android-opengl-2.0-268\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-android-opengl-2.0_268-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-android-opengl-2.0_268-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://source.android.com/devices/graphics.html\">\"Android Developers: Graphics\"</a>. <i>android.com</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141010074412/http://source.android.com/devices/graphics.html\">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">November 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=android.com&amp;rft.atitle=Android+Developers%3A+Graphics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsource.android.com%2Fdevices%2Fgraphics.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-269\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-269\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.nvidia.com/vulkan-android\">\"Vulkan on Android\"</a>. <i>NVIDIA Developer</i>. February 10, 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">March 21,</span> 2018</span>. <q>Vulkan 1.1 is available as a Developer Preview OTA for the NVIDIA SHIELD TV.</q></cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=NVIDIA+Developer&amp;rft.atitle=Vulkan+on+Android&amp;rft.date=2016-02-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.nvidia.com%2Fvulkan-android&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-android-compatibility-270\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-android-compatibility_270-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://developer.android.com/guide/practices/compatibility.html\">\"Android Developers: Android Compatibility\"</a>. <i>android.com</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131017081434/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/compatibility.html\">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">November 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=android.com&amp;rft.atitle=Android+Developers%3A+Android+Compatibility&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fguide%2Fpractices%2Fcompatibility.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndroid+version+history\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n</ol></div></div>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"External_links\">External links</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Edit section: External links\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\\n<ul><li><span class=\"official-website\"><span class=\"url\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.android.com\">Official Android website</a></span></span></li>\\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://source.android.com/\">Android Open Source Project website</a></li></ul>\\n<div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Android_(operating_system)\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"3\"><div class=\"plainlinks hlist navbar mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Android_(operating_system)\" title=\"Template:Android (operating system)\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Android_(operating_system)\" title=\"Template talk:Android (operating system)\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Android_(operating_system)&amp;action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Android_(operating_system)\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_(operating_system)\" title=\"Android (operating system)\">Android (operating system)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_software_development\" title=\"Android software development\">Software <br />development</a><br /><img alt=\"Category\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\" height=\"14\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"36\" data-file-height=\"31\" /> <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Android_(operating_system)_development_software\" title=\"Category:Android (operating system) development software\">Category</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Development_tools\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Programming_tool\" title=\"Programming tool\">Development <br />tools</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">official</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_SDK\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android SDK\">Software development kit</a> (SDK)\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Debug_Bridge\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android Debug Bridge\">Android Debug Bridge</a> (ADB)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fastboot\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Fastboot\">Fastboot</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_application_package\" title=\"Android application package\">Android application package</a> (APK)</li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_NDK\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android NDK\">Native Development Kit</a> (NDK)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Open_Accessory_Development_Kit\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android Open Accessory Development Kit\">Android Open Accessory Development Kit</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bionic_(software)\" title=\"Bionic (software)\">Bionic</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/RenderScript\" title=\"RenderScript\">RenderScript</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Skia_Graphics_Engine\" title=\"Skia Graphics Engine\">Skia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dalvik_(software)\" title=\"Dalvik (software)\">Dalvik</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Runtime\" title=\"Android Runtime\">Android Runtime</a> (ART)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Firebase\" title=\"Firebase\">Firebase</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Cloud_Messaging\" title=\"Google Cloud Messaging\">Google Cloud Messaging</a> (GCM)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Firebase_Cloud_Messaging\" title=\"Firebase Cloud Messaging\">Firebase Cloud Messaging</a> (FCM)</li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/AdMob\" title=\"AdMob\">AdMob</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Material_Design\" title=\"Material Design\">Material Design</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Font\" title=\"Font\">Fonts</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Droid_fonts\" title=\"Droid fonts\">Droid</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Roboto\" title=\"Roboto\">Roboto</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Noto_fonts\" title=\"Noto fonts\">Noto</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Developers\" title=\"Google Developers\">Google Developers</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">other</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/OpenBinder\" title=\"OpenBinder\">OpenBinder</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Apache_Harmony\" title=\"Apache Harmony\">Apache Harmony</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/OpenJDK\" title=\"OpenJDK\">OpenJDK</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gradle\" title=\"Gradle\">Gradle</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Integrated_development_environment\" title=\"Integrated development environment\">Integrated development<br />environments</a> (IDE)</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Studio\" title=\"Android Studio\">Android Studio</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/IntelliJ_IDEA\" title=\"IntelliJ IDEA\">IntelliJ IDEA</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eclipse_(software)\" title=\"Eclipse (software)\">Eclipse</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Eclipse_(software)#Android_Development_Tools\" title=\"Eclipse (software)\">Android Development Tools</a> (ADT)</li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/App_Inventor_for_Android\" title=\"App Inventor for Android\">App Inventor</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Programming_language\" title=\"Programming language\">Languages</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Database\" title=\"Database\">databases</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Java_(programming_language)\" title=\"Java (programming language)\">Java</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kotlin_(programming_language)\" title=\"Kotlin (programming language)\">Kotlin</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/XML\" title=\"XML\">XML</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/C_(programming_language)\" title=\"C (programming language)\">C</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/C%2B%2B\" title=\"C++\">C++</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/SQLite\" title=\"SQLite\">SQLite</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Virtual_reality\" title=\"Virtual reality\">Virtual reality</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Cardboard\" title=\"Google Cardboard\">Cardboard</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Daydream\" title=\"Google Daydream\">Daydream</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Events, <a href=\"/wiki/Community_of_practice\" title=\"Community of practice\">communities</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_I/O\" title=\"Google I/O\">Google I/O</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Developer_Challenge\" title=\"Android Developer Challenge\">Developer Challenge</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Developer_Lab\" title=\"Android Developer Lab\">Developer Lab</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Open_Source_Project\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Android Open Source Project\">Android Open Source Project</a> (AOSP)</li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class=\"navbox-image\" rowspan=\"10\" style=\"width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px\"><div><a href=\"/wiki/File:Android_logo_2019.svg\" class=\"image\" title=\"Android logo\"><img alt=\"Android logo\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Android_logo_2019.svg/100px-Android_logo_2019.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Android_logo_2019.svg/150px-Android_logo_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Android_logo_2019.svg/200px-Android_logo_2019.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"873\" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Releases</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_1.0_(API_1)\" title=\"Android version history\">1.0</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_1.1_(API_2)\" title=\"Android version history\">1.1</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Cupcake\" title=\"Android Cupcake\">Cupcake (1.5)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Donut\" title=\"Android Donut\">Donut (1.6)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Eclair\" title=\"Android Eclair\">Eclair (2.0\\xe2\\x80\\x932.1)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Froyo\" title=\"Android Froyo\">Froyo (2.2)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Gingerbread\" title=\"Android Gingerbread\">Gingerbread (2.3)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Honeycomb\" title=\"Android Honeycomb\">Honeycomb (3.x)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich\" title=\"Android Ice Cream Sandwich\">Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean\" title=\"Android Jelly Bean\">Jelly Bean (4.1\\xe2\\x80\\x934.3)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_KitKat\" title=\"Android KitKat\">KitKat (4.4)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Lollipop\" title=\"Android Lollipop\">Lollipop (5.x)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Marshmallow\" title=\"Android Marshmallow\">Marshmallow (6.0)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Nougat\" title=\"Android Nougat\">Nougat (7.x)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Oreo\" title=\"Android Oreo\">Oreo (8.x)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Pie\" title=\"Android Pie\">Pie (9.0)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_10\" title=\"Android 10\">Android 10</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_11\" title=\"Android 11\">Android 11</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Derivatives</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Automotive\" title=\"Android Automotive\">Android Automotive</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Things\" title=\"Android Things\">Android Things</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_TV\" title=\"Android TV\">Android TV</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wear_OS\" title=\"Wear OS\">Wear OS</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Smartphone\" title=\"Smartphone\">Phones</a>,<br /><a href=\"/wiki/Tablet_computer\" title=\"Tablet computer\">Tablets</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pixel\" title=\"Google Pixel\">Pixel</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Pixel_(smartphone)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Pixel (smartphone)\">Pixel &amp; Pixel XL</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pixel_2\" title=\"Pixel 2\">2 &amp; 2 XL</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pixel_3\" title=\"Pixel 3\">3 &amp; 3 XL</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Pixel_3a\" title=\"Pixel 3a\">3a &amp; 3a XL</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pixel_C\" title=\"Pixel C\">Pixel C</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pixel_4\" title=\"Pixel 4\">4 &amp; 4 XL</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Nexus\" title=\"Google Nexus\">Nexus</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_One\" title=\"Nexus One\">One</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_S\" title=\"Nexus S\">S</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Galaxy_Nexus\" title=\"Galaxy Nexus\">Galaxy Nexus</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_4\" title=\"Nexus 4\">4</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_5\" title=\"Nexus 5\">5</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_5X\" title=\"Nexus 5X\">5X</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_6\" title=\"Nexus 6\">6</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_6P\" title=\"Nexus 6P\">6P</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li>7\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_7_(2012)\" title=\"Nexus 7 (2012)\">2012</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_7_(2013)\" title=\"Nexus 7 (2013)\">2013</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_10\" title=\"Nexus 10\">10</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_9\" title=\"Nexus 9\">9</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_Q\" title=\"Nexus Q\">Q</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nexus_Player\" title=\"Nexus Player\">Player</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Experience_device\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Experience device\">Play edition</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/HTC_One_(M7)\" title=\"HTC One (M7)\">HTC One (M7)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/HTC_One_(M8)\" title=\"HTC One (M8)\">HTC One (M8)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/LG_G_Pad_8.3\" title=\"LG G Pad 8.3\">LG G Pad 8.3</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Moto_G_(1st_generation)\" title=\"Moto G (1st generation)\">Moto G</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S4\" title=\"Samsung Galaxy S4\">Samsung Galaxy S4</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sony_Xperia_Z_Ultra\" title=\"Sony Xperia Z Ultra\">Sony Xperia Z Ultra</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Go\" title=\"Android Go\">Android Go</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_One\" title=\"Android One\">Android One</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Android_smartphones\" title=\"List of Android smartphones\">other smartphones</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_custom_Android_distributions\" title=\"List of custom Android distributions\">Distributions</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android-x86\" title=\"Android-x86\">Android-x86</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Remix_OS\" title=\"Remix OS\">Remix OS</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/AOKP\" title=\"AOKP\">AOKP</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Baidu_Yi\" title=\"Baidu Yi\">Baidu Yi</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nook\" title=\"Barnes &amp; Noble Nook\">Barnes &amp; Noble Nook</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/ColorOS\" title=\"ColorOS\">ColorOS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/CopperheadOS\" title=\"CopperheadOS\">CopperheadOS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fire_OS\" title=\"Fire OS\">Fire OS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Meizu#Flyme\" title=\"Meizu\">Flyme OS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Funtouch_OS\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Funtouch OS\">Funtouch OS/Jovi OS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/LeWa_OS\" title=\"LeWa OS\">LeWa OS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/LineageOS\" title=\"LineageOS\">LineageOS</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki//e/_(operating_system)\" title=\"/e/ (operating system)\">/e/</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/CrDroid\" title=\"CrDroid\">CrDroid</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/CyanogenMod\" title=\"CyanogenMod\">CyanogenMod</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kali_NetHunter\" title=\"Kali NetHunter\">Kali NetHunter</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/GrapheneOS\" title=\"GrapheneOS\">GrapheneOS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MicroG\" title=\"MicroG\">MicroG</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MIUI\" title=\"MIUI\">MIUI</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nokia_X_family#Nokia_X_software_platform\" title=\"Nokia X family\">Nokia X software platform</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/OmniROM\" title=\"OmniROM\">OmniROM</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/OPhone\" title=\"OPhone\">OPhone</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/OxygenOS\" title=\"OxygenOS\">OxygenOS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Replicant_(operating_system)\" title=\"Replicant (operating system)\">Replicant</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Resurrection_Remix_OS\" title=\"Resurrection Remix OS\">Resurrection Remix OS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ubuntu_for_Android\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ubuntu for Android\">Ubuntu for Android</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/XobotOS\" title=\"XobotOS\">XobotOS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yun_OS\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Yun OS\">Yun OS</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Android_(operating_system)_software\" title=\"Category:Android (operating system) software\">Applications</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Auto\" title=\"Android Auto\">Android Auto</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Assistant\" title=\"Google Assistant\">Assistant</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Now\" title=\"Google Now\">Google Now</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Earth\" title=\"Google Earth\">Earth</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Sky\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Sky\">Sky</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gmail\" title=\"Gmail\">Gmail</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Chrome_for_Android\" title=\"Google Chrome for Android\">Google Chrome for Android</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Goggles\" title=\"Google Goggles\">Goggles</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Hangouts\" title=\"Google Hangouts\">Hangouts</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Maps_(app)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Maps (app)\">Maps</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Maps_Navigation\" title=\"Google Maps Navigation\">Navigation</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Waze\" title=\"Waze\">Waze</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pay\" title=\"Google Pay\">Pay</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pay_Send\" title=\"Google Pay Send\">Send</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play\" title=\"Google Play\">Play</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Books\" title=\"Google Play Books\">Books</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Games\" title=\"Google Play Games\">Games</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Movies_%26_TV\" title=\"Google Play Movies &amp; TV\">Movies &amp; TV</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Music\" title=\"Google Play Music\">Music</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Newsstand\" title=\"Google Play Newsstand\">Newsstand</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Talk\" title=\"Google Talk\">Talk</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Trips\" title=\"Google Trips\">Trips</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Voice\" title=\"Google Voice\">Voice</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Application_programming_interface\" title=\"Application programming interface\">APIs</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Maps\" title=\"Google Maps\">Google Maps</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Services\" title=\"Google Play Services\">Google Play Services</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Search\" title=\"Google Search\">Google Search</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Alternative<br /><a href=\"/wiki/User_interface\" title=\"User interface\">user interfaces</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Asus_ZenUI\" title=\"Asus ZenUI\">Asus ZenUI</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/ColorOS\" title=\"ColorOS\">ColorOS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pixel_UI\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Pixel UI\">Pixel UI</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hive_UI\" title=\"Hive UI\">XOLO Hive</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/HTC_Sense\" title=\"HTC Sense\">HTC Sense</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Huawei_EMUI\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Huawei EMUI\">Huawei EMUI</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/JoviOS\" title=\"JoviOS\">vivo JoviOS/Funtouch OS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/LG_UX\" title=\"LG UX\">LG UX</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Optimus_UI\" title=\"Optimus UI\">Optimus UI</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MIUI\" title=\"MIUI\">MIUI</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Motoblur\" title=\"Motoblur\">Motoblur</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/One_UI\" title=\"One UI\">Samsung One UI</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Samsung_Experience\" title=\"Samsung Experience\">Experience</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/TouchWiz\" title=\"TouchWiz\">TouchWiz</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/OxygenOS\" title=\"OxygenOS\">One Plus Oxygen OS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Realme_UI&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Realme UI (page does not exist)\">Realme UI</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Lists</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_custom_Android_firmware\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"List of custom Android firmware\">Custom firmware</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_features_in_Android\" title=\"List of features in Android\">Features</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications\" title=\"List of free and open-source Android applications\">Free and open-source applications</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Android_games\" title=\"List of Android games\">Games</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Google_apps_for_Android\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"List of Google apps for Android\">Google apps</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Android_launchers\" title=\"List of Android launchers\">Launchers</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Related topics</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Index_of_Android_OS_articles\" title=\"Index of Android OS articles\">Index of articles</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Androidland\" title=\"Androidland\">Androidland</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chromecast\" title=\"Chromecast\">Chromecast</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google\" title=\"Google\">Google</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Comparison_of_Java_and_Android_API\" title=\"Comparison of Java and Android API\">Java vs. Android API</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_lawn_statues\" title=\"Android lawn statues\">Lawn statues</a></li>\\n<li>Legal issues\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Oracle_America,_Inc._v._Google,_Inc.\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Oracle America, Inc. v. Google, Inc.\">Oracle v. Google</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars\" title=\"Smartphone patent wars\">Smartphone patent wars</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rooting_(Android_OS)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Rooting (Android OS)\">Rooting</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/XDA_Developers\" title=\"XDA Developers\">XDA Developers</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\\n<div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Google\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"3\"><div class=\"plainlinks hlist navbar mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Google_LLC\" title=\"Template:Google LLC\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Google_LLC\" title=\"Template talk:Google LLC\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Google_LLC&amp;action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Google\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Google\" title=\"Google\">Google</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"3\"><div id=\"*_Alphabet_Inc._*_History_*_Outline_*_List_of_products_*_List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alphabet_Inc.\" title=\"Alphabet Inc.\">Alphabet Inc.</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/History_of_Google\" title=\"History of Google\">History</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Outline_of_Google\" title=\"Outline of Google\">Outline</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Google_products\" title=\"List of Google products\">List of products</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Alphabet\" title=\"List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet\">List of mergers and acquisitions</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Company</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Criticism</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/2018_Google_walkouts\" title=\"2018 Google walkouts\">2018 walkouts</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Censorship_by_Google\" title=\"Censorship by Google\">Censorship</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Criticism_of_Google\" title=\"Criticism of Google\">Criticism</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)\" title=\"Dragonfly (search engine)\"><i>Dragonfly</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_litigation\" title=\"Google litigation\">Litigation</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Privacy_concerns_regarding_Google\" title=\"Privacy concerns regarding Google\">Privacy concerns</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Street_View_privacy_concerns\" title=\"Google Street View privacy concerns\">Street View</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/San_Francisco_tech_bus_protests\" title=\"San Francisco tech bus protests\">San Francisco tech bus protests</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_worker_organization\" title=\"Google worker organization\">Worker organization</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Events</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li>Android\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Developer_Challenge\" title=\"Android Developer Challenge\">Developer Challenge</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Developer_Day\" title=\"Android Developer Day\">Developer Day</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Developer_Lab\" title=\"Android Developer Lab\">Developer Lab</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doodle4Google\" title=\"Doodle4Google\">Doodle4Google</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Code-in\" title=\"Google Code-in\">Code-in</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Code_Jam\" title=\"Google Code Jam\">Code Jam</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Developer_Day\" title=\"Google Developer Day\">Developer Day</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Developers_Live\" title=\"Google Developers Live\">Developers Live</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_I/O\" title=\"Google I/O\">I/O</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize\" title=\"Google Lunar X Prize\"><i>Lunar XPRIZE</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Science_Fair\" title=\"Google Science Fair\">Science Fair</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Summer_of_Code\" title=\"Google Summer of Code\">Summer of Code</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Talks_at_Google\" title=\"Talks at Google\">Talks at Google</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Initiatives / Projects</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_ATAP\" title=\"Google ATAP\">ATAP</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)\" title=\"Dragonfly (search engine)\"><i>Dragonfly</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Made_with_Code\" title=\"Made with Code\">Made with Code</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Project_Sunroof\" title=\"Project Sunroof\">Sunroof</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture#Google_Cultural_Institute\" title=\"Google Arts &amp; Culture\">Cultural Institute</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">People</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Al_Gore\" title=\"Al Gore\">Al Gore</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alan_Eustace\" title=\"Alan Eustace\">Alan Eustace</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alan_Mulally\" title=\"Alan Mulally\">Alan Mulally</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Amit_Singhal\" title=\"Amit Singhal\">Amit Singhal</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ann_Mather\" title=\"Ann Mather\">Ann Mather</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Drummond_(businessman)\" title=\"David Drummond (businessman)\">David Drummond</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eric_Schmidt\" title=\"Eric Schmidt\">Eric Schmidt</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jeff_Dean_(computer_scientist)\" title=\"Jeff Dean (computer scientist)\">Jeff Dean</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Doerr\" title=\"John Doerr\">John Doerr</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_L._Hennessy\" title=\"John L. Hennessy\">John L. Hennessy</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Krishna_Bharat\" title=\"Krishna Bharat\">Krishna Bharat</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Matt_Cutts\" title=\"Matt Cutts\">Matt Cutts</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Patrick_Pichette\" title=\"Patrick Pichette\">Patrick Pichette</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Otellini\" title=\"Paul Otellini\">Paul Otellini</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Omid_Kordestani\" title=\"Omid Kordestani\">Omid Kordestani</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rachel_Whetstone\" title=\"Rachel Whetstone\">Rachel Whetstone</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rajen_Sheth\" title=\"Rajen Sheth\">Rajen Sheth</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ram_Shriram\" title=\"Ram Shriram\">Ram Shriram</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil\" title=\"Ray Kurzweil\">Ray Kurzweil</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ruth_Porat\" title=\"Ruth Porat\">Ruth Porat</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Salar_Kamangar\" title=\"Salar Kamangar\">Salar Kamangar</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sanjay_Ghemawat\" title=\"Sanjay Ghemawat\">Sanjay Ghemawat</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shirley_M._Tilghman\" title=\"Shirley M. Tilghman\">Shirley M. Tilghman</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sundar_Pichai\" title=\"Sundar Pichai\">Sundar Pichai</a> (CEO)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki\" title=\"Susan Wojcicki\">Susan Wojcicki</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Urs_H%C3%B6lzle\" title=\"Urs H\\xc3\\xb6lzle\">Urs H\\xc3\\xb6lzle</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vint_Cerf\" title=\"Vint Cerf\">Vint Cerf</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hal_Varian\" title=\"Hal Varian\">Hal Varian</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Real Estates</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/111_Eighth_Avenue\" title=\"111 Eighth Avenue\">111 Eighth Avenue</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chelsea_Market\" title=\"Chelsea Market\">Chelsea Market</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Googleplex\" title=\"Googleplex\">Googleplex</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_data_centers\" title=\"Google data centers\">Data centers</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Divisions</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_(operating_system)\" title=\"Android (operating system)\">Android</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Glass\" title=\"Google Glass\">Glass</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Ads\" title=\"Google Ads\">Google Ads</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_AI\" title=\"Google AI\">Google AI</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Chrome\" title=\"Google Chrome\">Google Chrome</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform\" title=\"Google Cloud Platform\">Google Cloud</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Health\" title=\"Google Health\">Google Health</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Maps\" title=\"Google Maps\">Google Maps</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Nest\" title=\"Google Nest\">Google Nest</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pixel\" title=\"Google Pixel\">Google Pixel</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Search\" title=\"Google Search\">Google Search</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/YouTube\" title=\"YouTube\">YouTube</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class=\"navbox-image\" rowspan=\"5\" style=\"width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px\"><div><a href=\"/wiki/File:Google_2015_logo.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Google 2015 logo.svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Google_2015_logo.svg/80px-Google_2015_logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Google_2015_logo.svg/120px-Google_2015_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Google_2015_logo.svg/160px-Google_2015_logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"272\" data-file-height=\"92\" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Development</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Chrome_Experiments\" title=\"Google Chrome Experiments\">Chrome Experiments</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Data_Transfer_Project\" title=\"Data Transfer Project\">Data Transfer Project</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Material_Design\" title=\"Material Design\">Material Design</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/OpenSocial\" title=\"OpenSocial\">OpenSocial</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Web_Server\" title=\"Google Web Server\">Web Server</a></li></ul>\\n</div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Programming languages</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)\" title=\"Dart (programming language)\">Dart</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Go_(programming_language)\" title=\"Go (programming language)\">Go</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sawzall_(programming_language)\" title=\"Sawzall (programming language)\"><i>Sawzall</i></a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Operating systems</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_(operating_system)\" title=\"Android (operating system)\">Android</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Automotive\" title=\"Android Automotive\">Automotive</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_TV\" title=\"Android TV\">TV</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wear_OS\" title=\"Wear OS\">Wear</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chrome_OS\" title=\"Chrome OS\">Chrome OS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chromium_OS\" title=\"Chromium OS\">Chromium OS</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Fuchsia\" title=\"Google Fuchsia\">Fuchsia</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Glass_OS\" title=\"Glass OS\">Glass OS</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Libraries / Frameworks</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Accelerated_Mobile_Pages\" title=\"Accelerated Mobile Pages\">AMP</a></li>\\n<li>Angular\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Angular_(web_framework)\" title=\"Angular (web framework)\">Angular</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/AngularJS\" title=\"AngularJS\">AngularJS</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/ARCore\" title=\"ARCore\">ARCore</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_APIs\" title=\"Google APIs\">APIs</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Charts\" title=\"Google Charts\">Charts</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dialogflow\" title=\"Dialogflow\">Dialogflow</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Flutter_(software)\" title=\"Flutter (software)\">Flutter</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Guava\" title=\"Google Guava\">Guava</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Guice\" title=\"Google Guice\">Guice</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Polymer_(library)\" title=\"Polymer (library)\">Polymer</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Web_Components\" title=\"Google Web Components\">Web Components</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tango_(platform)\" title=\"Tango (platform)\"><i>Tango</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/TensorFlow\" title=\"TensorFlow\">TensorFlow</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Tools</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Studio\" title=\"Android Studio\">Android Studio</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/App_Inventor_for_Android\" title=\"App Inventor for Android\">App Inventor</a> (MIT)</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_App_Maker\" title=\"Google App Maker\">App Maker</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Closure_Tools\" title=\"Google Closure Tools\">Closure Tools</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Gadgets\" title=\"Google Gadgets\">Gadgets API</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/GData\" title=\"GData\">GData</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Lighthouse\" title=\"Google Lighthouse\">Lighthouse</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Native_Client\" title=\"Google Native Client\">Native Client</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Browser_speed_test#Octane_(unmaintained)\" title=\"Browser speed test\"><i>Octane</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/OpenRefine\" title=\"OpenRefine\">OpenRefine</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_PageSpeed_Tools\" title=\"Google PageSpeed Tools\">PageSpeed</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/ReCAPTCHA\" title=\"ReCAPTCHA\">reCAPTCHA</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Search_Console\" title=\"Google Search Console\">Search Console</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Swiffy\" title=\"Google Swiffy\"><i>Swiffy</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Web_Toolkit\" title=\"Google Web Toolkit\">Web Toolkit</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Website_Optimizer\" title=\"Google Website Optimizer\">Website Optimizer</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Search algorithms</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/PageRank\" title=\"PageRank\">PageRank</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Hummingbird\" title=\"Google Hummingbird\">Hummingbird</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Panda\" title=\"Google Panda\">Panda</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Penguin\" title=\"Google Penguin\">Penguin</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pigeon\" title=\"Google Pigeon\">Pigeon</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/RankBrain\" title=\"RankBrain\">RankBrain</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Platforms</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform\" title=\"Google Cloud Platform\">Cloud Platform</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_App_Engine\" title=\"Google App Engine\">App Engine</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Apps_Script\" title=\"Google Apps Script\">Apps Script</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Firebase\" title=\"Firebase\">Firebase</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gerrit_(software)\" title=\"Gerrit (software)\">Gerrit</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kubernetes\" title=\"Kubernetes\">Kubernetes</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Services</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture\" title=\"Google Arts &amp; Culture\">Arts &amp; Culture</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Assistant\" title=\"Google Assistant\">Assistant</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Chrome\" title=\"Google Chrome\">Chrome</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Chrome_for_Android\" title=\"Google Chrome for Android\">Android</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)\" title=\"Chromium (web browser)\">Chromium</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Classroom\" title=\"Google Classroom\">Classroom</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Cloud_Print\" title=\"Google Cloud Print\">Cloud Print</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Earth\" title=\"Google Earth\">Earth</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Express\" title=\"Google Express\"><i>Express</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Fi\" title=\"Google Fi\">Fi</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gboard\" title=\"Gboard\">Gboard</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Now\" title=\"Google Now\">Now</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Safe_Browsing\" title=\"Google Safe Browsing\">Safe Browsing</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Station\" title=\"Google Station\">Station</a></li></ul>\\n</div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Entertainment</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Chromecast\" title=\"Chromecast\">Chromecast</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play\" title=\"Google Play\">Play</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Books\" title=\"Google Play Books\">Books</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Games\" title=\"Google Play Games\">Games</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Movies_%26_TV\" title=\"Google Play Movies &amp; TV\">Movies &amp; TV</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Music\" title=\"Google Play Music\">Music</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Play_Newsstand\" title=\"Google Play Newsstand\"><i>Newsstand</i></a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Podcasts\" title=\"Google Podcasts\">Podcasts</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Stadia\" title=\"Google Stadia\">Stadia</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Google_Stadia_games\" title=\"List of Google Stadia games\">Games</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vevo\" title=\"Vevo\">Vevo</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/YouTube\" title=\"YouTube\">YouTube</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/YouTube_Gaming\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"YouTube Gaming\"><i>Gaming</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/YouTube_Kids\" title=\"YouTube Kids\">Kids</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/YouTube_Music\" title=\"YouTube Music\">Music</a></li></ul></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Communication</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Contacts\" title=\"Google Contacts\">Contacts</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Duo\" title=\"Google Duo\">Duo</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gmail\" title=\"Gmail\">Gmail</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Groups\" title=\"Google Groups\">Groups</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Hangouts\" title=\"Google Hangouts\">Hangouts</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Hangouts#Google_Hangouts_Chat\" title=\"Google Hangouts\">Hangouts Chat</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_IME\" title=\"Google IME\">IME</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Japanese_Input\" title=\"Google Japanese Input\">Japanese</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pinyin\" title=\"Google Pinyin\">Pinyin</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Inbox\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Inbox\"><i>Inbox</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Meet\" title=\"Google Meet\">Meet</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Messages_(Google)\" title=\"Messages (Google)\">Messages</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Spaces\" title=\"Google Spaces\"><i>Spaces</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Talk\" title=\"Google Talk\"><i>Talk</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Translate\" title=\"Google Translate\">Translate</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Voice\" title=\"Google Voice\">Voice</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Organization</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Calendar\" title=\"Google Calendar\">Calendar</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Photos\" title=\"Google Photos\">Photos</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Drive\" title=\"Google Drive\">Google Drive</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Docs\" title=\"Google Docs\">Docs</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Sheets\" title=\"Google Sheets\">Sheets</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Slides\" title=\"Google Slides\">Slides</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Drawings\" title=\"Google Drawings\">Drawings</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Forms\" title=\"Google Forms\">Forms</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Keep\" title=\"Google Keep\">Keep</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Business / Finance</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/AdMob\" title=\"AdMob\">AdMob</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Analytics\" title=\"Google Analytics\">Analytics</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Ad_Grants\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Ad Grants\">Ad Grants</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Ad_Manager\" title=\"Google Ad Manager\">Ad Manager</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Ads\" title=\"Google Ads\">Ads</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_AdSense\" title=\"Google AdSense\">AdSense</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Business_Groups\" title=\"Google Business Groups\">Business Groups</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Marketing_Platform\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Marketing Platform\">Marketing Platform</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pay\" title=\"Google Pay\">Pay</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Primer\" title=\"Google Primer\">Primer</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Tag_Manager\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Tag Manager\">Tag Manager</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Search</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Alerts\" title=\"Google Alerts\">Alerts</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Blog_Search\" title=\"Google Blog Search\"><i>Blog Search</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Books\" title=\"Google Books\">Books</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Dataset_Search\" title=\"Google Dataset Search\">Dataset Search</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Dictionary\" title=\"Google Dictionary\">Dictionary</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Flights\" title=\"Google Flights\">Flights</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Finance\" title=\"Google Finance\">Finance</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Googlebot\" title=\"Googlebot\">Googlebot</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Images\" title=\"Google Images\">Images</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Maps\" title=\"Google Maps\">Maps</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_News\" title=\"Google News\">News</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Patents\" title=\"Google Patents\">Patents</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Public_Data_Explorer\" title=\"Google Public Data Explorer\">Public Data</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Scholar\" title=\"Google Scholar\">Scholar</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Search\" title=\"Google Search\">Search</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Knowledge_Graph\" title=\"Knowledge Graph\">Knowledge Graph</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Personalized_Search\" title=\"Google Personalized Search\">Personalized</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/SafeSearch\" title=\"SafeSearch\">SafeSearch</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Voice_Search\" title=\"Google Voice Search\">Voice Search</a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Shopping\" title=\"Google Shopping\">Shopping</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Trends\" title=\"Google Trends\">Trends</a>\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Insights_for_Search\" title=\"Google Insights for Search\"><i>Insights for Search</i></a></li></ul></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Videos\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Videos\">Videos</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Images / Photo</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Camera\" title=\"Google Camera\">Camera</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Lens\" title=\"Google Lens\">Lens</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Snapseed\" title=\"Snapseed\">Snapseed</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Photos\" title=\"Google Photos\">Photos</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Publishing</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Blogger_(service)\" title=\"Blogger (service)\">Blogger</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Domains\" title=\"Google Domains\">Domains</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Feedburner\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Google Feedburner\">Feedburner</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Sites\" title=\"Google Sites\">Sites</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Hardware</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Chromecast\" title=\"Chromecast\">Chromecast</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chromebox\" title=\"Chromebox\">Chromebox</a></li></ul>\\n</div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Virtual Reality / Display</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Cardboard\" title=\"Google Cardboard\">Cardboard</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Daydream\" title=\"Google Daydream\">Daydream</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Contact_Lens\" title=\"Google Contact Lens\"><i>Contact Lens</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Glass\" title=\"Google Glass\">Glass</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Smartphones</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Nexus\" title=\"Google Nexus\">Nexus</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pixel\" title=\"Google Pixel\">Pixel</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Nest\" title=\"Google Nest\">Google Nest</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Nest_Protect\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nest Protect\">Nest Protect</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nest_Learning_Thermostat\" title=\"Nest Learning Thermostat\">Nest Learning Thermostat</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Nest_Wifi\" title=\"Google Nest Wifi\">Nest WiFi</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Nest_(smart_speakers)\" title=\"Google Nest (smart speakers)\">Smart speakers</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Laptops and tablets</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Chromebook\" title=\"Chromebook\">Chromebook</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Pixelbook\" title=\"Google Pixelbook\">Pixelbook</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chromebook_Pixel\" title=\"Chromebook Pixel\">Chromebook Pixel</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pixel_Slate\" title=\"Pixel Slate\">Pixel Slate</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Related</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Documentaries</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Behind_the_Screen\" title=\"Google Behind the Screen\"><i>Google: Behind the Screen</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_The_Thinking_Factory\" title=\"Google The Thinking Factory\"><i>Google: The Thinking Factory</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_and_the_World_Brain\" title=\"Google and the World Brain\"><i>Google and the World Brain</i></a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/The_Creepy_Line\" title=\"The Creepy Line\"><i>The Creepy Line</i></a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Terms and phrases</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Don%27t_be_evil\" title=\"Don&#39;t be evil\">\"Don\\'t be evil\"</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gayglers\" title=\"Gayglers\">Gayglers</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_(verb)\" title=\"Google (verb)\">Google (verb)</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_bombing\" title=\"Google bombing\">Google bombing</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Google_Developer_Expert\" title=\"Google Developer Expert\">Google Developer Expert</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Googlization\" title=\"Googlization\">Googlization</a></li></ul>\\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"3\"><div><div class=\"hlist hlist-separated\"><ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Discontinued_products\" title=\"Category:Discontinued products\">discontinued products, services</a>, or <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Defunct_computer_companies_of_the_United_States\" title=\"Category:Defunct computer companies of the United States\">defunct companies</a>.</li></ul></div>\\n<ul><li><img alt=\"Category\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\" height=\"14\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"36\" data-file-height=\"31\" /> <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Google\" title=\"Category:Google\">Category</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/File:Industry5.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Industry5.svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"28\" height=\"28\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /></a> <a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Companies\" title=\"Portal:Companies\">Companies&#32;portal</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"Crystal Clear app linneighborhood.svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"28\" height=\"28\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"407\" data-file-height=\"407\" /></a> <a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Internet\" title=\"Portal:Internet\">Internet&#32;portal</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Google_products#Discontinued_products_and_services\" title=\"List of Google products\">Discontinued products and services</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\\n<!-- \\nNewPP limit report\\nParsed by mw1393\\nCached time: 20200612132021\\nCache expiry: 2592000\\nDynamic content: false\\nComplications: [vary\\xe2\\x80\\x90revision\\xe2\\x80\\x90sha1]\\nCPU time usage: 2.000 seconds\\nReal time usage: 2.192 seconds\\nPreprocessor visited node count: 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parser cache with key enwiki:stable-pcache:idhash:30752816-0!canonical and timestamp 20200612132021 and revision id 962159598\\n -->\\n</div><noscript><img src=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\" /></noscript></div>\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"printfooter\">Retrieved from \"<a dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;oldid=962159598\">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;oldid=962159598</a>\"</div>\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"catlinks\" class=\"catlinks\" data-mw=\"interface\"><div id=\"mw-normal-catlinks\" class=\"mw-normal-catlinks\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Category\" title=\"Help:Category\">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Android_(operating_system)\" title=\"Category:Android (operating system)\">Android (operating system)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Google_operating_systems\" title=\"Category:Google operating systems\">Google operating systems</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Lists_of_operating_systems\" title=\"Category:Lists of operating systems\">Lists of operating systems</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Mobile_operating_systems\" title=\"Category:Mobile operating systems\">Mobile operating systems</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Software_version_histories\" title=\"Category:Software version histories\">Software version histories</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Smartphones\" title=\"Category:Smartphones\">Smartphones</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Tablet_operating_systems\" title=\"Category:Tablet operating systems\">Tablet operating systems</a></li></ul></div><div id=\"mw-hidden-catlinks\" class=\"mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden\">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description\" title=\"Category:Articles with short description\">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2019\" title=\"Category:Use mdy dates from June 2019\">Use mdy dates from June 2019</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata\" title=\"Category:Official website not in Wikidata\">Official website not in Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div>\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"visualClear\"></div>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n<div id=\\'mw-data-after-content\\'>\\n\\t<div class=\"read-more-container\"></div>\\n</div>\\n\\n<div id=\"mw-navigation\">\\n\\t<h2>Navigation menu</h2>\\n\\t<div id=\"mw-head\">\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu\" aria-labelledby=\"p-personal-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-personal-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Personal tools</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"pt-anonuserpage\">Not logged in</li><li id=\"pt-anontalk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:MyTalk\" title=\"Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]\" accesskey=\"n\">Talk</a></li><li id=\"pt-anoncontribs\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:MyContributions\" title=\"A list of edits made from this IP address [y]\" accesskey=\"y\">Contributions</a></li><li id=\"pt-createaccount\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Android+version+history\" title=\"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\">Create account</a></li><li id=\"pt-login\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Android+version+history\" title=\"You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]\" accesskey=\"o\">Log in</a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"left-navigation\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"p-namespaces\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs\" aria-labelledby=\"p-namespaces-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-namespaces-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Namespaces</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_version_history\" title=\"View the content page [c]\" accesskey=\"c\">Article</a></li><li id=\"ca-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Talk:Android_version_history\" rel=\"discussion\" title=\"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\" accesskey=\"t\">Talk</a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"p-variants\" class=\"vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu\" aria-labelledby=\"p-variants-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"vectorMenuCheckbox vector-menu-checkbox\" aria-labelledby=\"p-variants-label\" />\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-variants-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Variants</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"menu vector-menu-content-list\"></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"right-navigation\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"p-views\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs\" aria-labelledby=\"p-views-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-views-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Views</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"ca-view\" class=\"collapsible selected\"><a href=\"/wiki/Android_version_history\">Read</a></li><li id=\"ca-edit\" class=\"collapsible\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=edit\" title=\"Edit this page [e]\" accesskey=\"e\">Edit</a></li><li id=\"ca-history\" class=\"collapsible\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=history\" title=\"Past revisions of this page [h]\" accesskey=\"h\">View history</a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"p-cactions\" class=\"vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu\" aria-labelledby=\"p-cactions-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"vectorMenuCheckbox vector-menu-checkbox\" aria-labelledby=\"p-cactions-label\" />\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-cactions-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>More</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"menu vector-menu-content-list\"></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t<div id=\"p-search\" role=\"search\">\\n\\t<h3 >\\n\\t\\t<label for=\"searchInput\">Search</label>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<form action=\"/w/index.php\" id=\"searchform\">\\n\\t\\t<div id=\"simpleSearch\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<input type=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search Wikipedia\" title=\"Search Wikipedia [f]\" accesskey=\"f\" id=\"searchInput\"/>\\n\\t\\t\\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<input type=\"submit\" name=\"fulltext\" value=\"Search\" title=\"Search Wikipedia for this text\" id=\"mw-searchButton\" class=\"searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton\"/>\\n\\t\\t\\t<input type=\"submit\" name=\"go\" value=\"Go\" title=\"Go to a page with this exact name if it exists\" id=\"searchButton\" class=\"searchButton\"/>\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t</form>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\t\\t</div>\\n\\t</div>\\n\\t\\n<div id=\"mw-panel\">\\n\\t<div id=\"p-logo\" role=\"banner\">\\n\\t\\t<a  title=\"Visit the main page\" class=\"mw-wiki-logo\" href=\"/wiki/Main_Page\"></a>\\n\\t</div>\\n\\t<div id=\"p-navigation\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal portal-first\" aria-labelledby=\"p-navigation-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-navigation-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Navigation</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"n-mainpage-description\"><a href=\"/wiki/Main_Page\" title=\"Visit the main page [z]\" accesskey=\"z\">Main page</a></li><li id=\"n-contents\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents\" title=\"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\">Contents</a></li><li id=\"n-currentevents\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Current_events\" title=\"Find background information on current events\">Current events</a></li><li id=\"n-randompage\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:Random\" title=\"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\" accesskey=\"x\">Random article</a></li><li id=\"n-aboutsite\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id=\"n-contactpage\"><a href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us\" title=\"How to contact Wikipedia\">Contact us</a></li><li id=\"n-sitesupport\"><a href=\"https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en\" title=\"Support us by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation\">Donate</a></li><li id=\"n-shoplink\"><a href=\"//shop.wikimedia.org\" title=\"Visit the Wikipedia store\">Wikipedia store</a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n\\t<div id=\"p-interaction\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal\" aria-labelledby=\"p-interaction-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-interaction-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Contribute</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"n-help\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Contents\" title=\"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\">Help</a></li><li id=\"n-portal\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal\" title=\"About the project, what you can do, where to find things\">Community portal</a></li><li id=\"n-recentchanges\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:RecentChanges\" title=\"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\" accesskey=\"r\">Recent changes</a></li><li id=\"n-upload\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard\" title=\"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\">Upload file</a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n<div id=\"p-tb\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal\" aria-labelledby=\"p-tb-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-tb-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Tools</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"t-whatlinkshere\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Android_version_history\" title=\"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\" accesskey=\"j\">What links here</a></li><li id=\"t-recentchangeslinked\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Android_version_history\" rel=\"nofollow\" title=\"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\" accesskey=\"k\">Related changes</a></li><li id=\"t-upload\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard\" title=\"Upload files [u]\" accesskey=\"u\">Upload file</a></li><li id=\"t-specialpages\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:SpecialPages\" title=\"A list of all special pages [q]\" accesskey=\"q\">Special pages</a></li><li id=\"t-permalink\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;oldid=962159598\" title=\"Permanent link to this revision of this page\">Permanent link</a></li><li id=\"t-info\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;action=info\" title=\"More information about this page\">Page information</a></li><li id=\"t-wikibase\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q79611\" title=\"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\" accesskey=\"g\">Wikidata item</a></li><li id=\"t-cite\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Android_version_history&amp;id=962159598&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform\" title=\"Information on how to cite this page\">Cite this page</a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n<div id=\"p-lang\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal\" aria-labelledby=\"p-lang-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-lang-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Languages</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ar\"><a href=\"https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF\" title=\"\\xd8\\xaa\\xd8\\xa7\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x8a\\xd8\\xae \\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xb3\\xd8\\xae \\xd8\\xa3\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xd9\\x8a\\xd8\\xaf \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Arabic\" lang=\"ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xd8\\xa7\\xd9\\x84\\xd8\\xb9\\xd8\\xb1\\xd8\\xa8\\xd9\\x8a\\xd8\\xa9</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bn\"><a href=\"https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa6\\x85\\xe0\\xa7\\x8d\\xe0\\xa6\\xaf\\xe0\\xa6\\xbe\\xe0\\xa6\\xa8\\xe0\\xa6\\xa1\\xe0\\xa7\\x8d\\xe0\\xa6\\xb0\\xe0\\xa6\\xaf\\xe0\\xa6\\xbc\\xe0\\xa7\\x87\\xe0\\xa6\\xa1 \\xe0\\xa6\\xb8\\xe0\\xa6\\x82\\xe0\\xa6\\xb8\\xe0\\xa7\\x8d\\xe0\\xa6\\x95\\xe0\\xa6\\xb0\\xe0\\xa6\\xa3\\xe0\\xa7\\x87\\xe0\\xa6\\xb0 \\xe0\\xa6\\x87\\xe0\\xa6\\xa4\\xe0\\xa6\\xbf\\xe0\\xa6\\xb9\\xe0\\xa6\\xbe\\xe0\\xa6\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Bangla\" lang=\"bn\" hreflang=\"bn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xe0\\xa6\\xac\\xe0\\xa6\\xbe\\xe0\\xa6\\x82\\xe0\\xa6\\xb2\\xe0\\xa6\\xbe</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan\"><a href=\"https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_p%C3%A1n-p%C3%BAn_le%CC%8Dk-s%C3%BA\" title=\"Android p\\xc3\\xa1n-p\\xc3\\xban le\\xcc\\x8dk-s\\xc3\\xba \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Chinese (Min Nan)\" lang=\"nan\" hreflang=\"nan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">B\\xc3\\xa2n-l\\xc3\\xa2m-g\\xc3\\xba</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ca\"><a href=\"https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historial_de_versions_d%27Android\" title=\"Historial de versions d&#039;Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Catalan\" lang=\"ca\" hreflang=\"ca\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Catal\\xc3\\xa0</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cs\"><a href=\"https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie_verz%C3%AD_Android\" title=\"Historie verz\\xc3\\xad Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Czech\" lang=\"cs\" hreflang=\"cs\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xc4\\x8ce\\xc5\\xa1tina</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-da\"><a href=\"https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_versioner\" title=\"Android versioner \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Danish\" lang=\"da\" hreflang=\"da\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Dansk</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-de\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Android-Versionen\" title=\"Liste von Android-Versionen \\xe2\\x80\\x93 German\" lang=\"de\" hreflang=\"de\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Deutsch</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-et\"><a href=\"https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androidi_versiooniajalugu\" title=\"Androidi versiooniajalugu \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Estonian\" lang=\"et\" hreflang=\"et\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Eesti</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-el\"><a href=\"https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_Android\" title=\"\\xce\\x99\\xcf\\x83\\xcf\\x84\\xce\\xbf\\xcf\\x81\\xce\\xaf\\xce\\xb1 \\xce\\xb5\\xce\\xba\\xce\\xb4\\xcf\\x8c\\xcf\\x83\\xce\\xb5\\xcf\\x89\\xce\\xbd \\xcf\\x84\\xce\\xbf\\xcf\\x85 Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Greek\" lang=\"el\" hreflang=\"el\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xce\\x95\\xce\\xbb\\xce\\xbb\\xce\\xb7\\xce\\xbd\\xce\\xb9\\xce\\xba\\xce\\xac</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es\"><a href=\"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Historial_de_versiones_de_Android\" title=\"Anexo:Historial de versiones de Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Espa\\xc3\\xb1ol</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa\"><a href=\"https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF\" title=\"\\xd8\\xaa\\xd8\\xa7\\xd8\\xb1\\xdb\\x8c\\xd8\\xae\\xda\\x86\\xd9\\x87 \\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xb3\\xd8\\xae\\xd9\\x87\\xe2\\x80\\x8c\\xd9\\x87\\xd8\\xa7\\xdb\\x8c \\xd8\\xa7\\xd9\\x86\\xd8\\xaf\\xd8\\xb1\\xd9\\x88\\xdb\\x8c\\xd8\\xaf \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Persian\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xd9\\x81\\xd8\\xa7\\xd8\\xb1\\xd8\\xb3\\xdb\\x8c</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historique_des_versions_d%27Android\" title=\"Historique des versions d&#039;Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Fran\\xc3\\xa7ais</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko\"><a href=\"https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%EB%B2%84%EC%A0%84_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC\" title=\"\\xec\\x95\\x88\\xeb\\x93\\x9c\\xeb\\xa1\\x9c\\xec\\x9d\\xb4\\xeb\\x93\\x9c \\xeb\\xb2\\x84\\xec\\xa0\\x84 \\xec\\x97\\xad\\xec\\x82\\xac \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Korean\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xed\\x95\\x9c\\xea\\xb5\\xad\\xec\\x96\\xb4</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hi\"><a href=\"https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8\" title=\"\\xe0\\xa4\\x8f\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa5\\x89\\xe0\\xa4\\xaf\\xe0\\xa4\\xa1 \\xe0\\xa4\\xb8\\xe0\\xa4\\x82\\xe0\\xa4\\xb8\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d\\xe0\\xa4\\x95\\xe0\\xa4\\xb0\\xe0\\xa4\\xa3\\xe0\\xa5\\x8b\\xe0\\xa4\\x82 \\xe0\\xa4\\x95\\xe0\\xa4\\xbe \\xe0\\xa4\\x87\\xe0\\xa4\\xa4\\xe0\\xa4\\xbf\\xe0\\xa4\\xb9\\xe0\\xa4\\xbe\\xe0\\xa4\\xb8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Hindi\" lang=\"hi\" hreflang=\"hi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xe0\\xa4\\xb9\\xe0\\xa4\\xbf\\xe0\\xa4\\xa8\\xe0\\xa5\\x8d\\xe0\\xa4\\xa6\\xe0\\xa5\\x80</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hr\"><a href=\"https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosada%C5%A1nje_ina%C4%8Dice_sustava_Androida\" title=\"Dosada\\xc5\\xa1nje ina\\xc4\\x8dice sustava Androida \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Croatian\" lang=\"hr\" hreflang=\"hr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Hrvatski</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id\"><a href=\"https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_versi_Android\" title=\"Daftar versi Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Indonesian\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it\"><a href=\"https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versioni_di_Android\" title=\"Versioni di Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Italian\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Italiano</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hu\"><a href=\"https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android-verzi%C3%B3k\" title=\"Android-verzi\\xc3\\xb3k \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Hungarian\" lang=\"hu\" hreflang=\"hu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Magyar</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ml\"><a href=\"https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82\" title=\"\\xe0\\xb4\\x86\\xe0\\xb5\\xbb\\xe0\\xb4\\xa1\\xe0\\xb5\\x8d\\xe0\\xb4\\xb0\\xe0\\xb5\\x8b\\xe0\\xb4\\xaf\\xe0\\xb5\\x8d\\xe0\\xb4\\xa1\\xe0\\xb5\\x8d \\xe0\\xb4\\xaa\\xe0\\xb4\\xa4\\xe0\\xb4\\xbf\\xe0\\xb4\\xaa\\xe0\\xb5\\x8d\\xe0\\xb4\\xaa\\xe0\\xb5\\x81\\xe0\\xb4\\x95\\xe0\\xb4\\xb3\\xe0\\xb5\\x81\\xe0\\xb4\\x9f\\xe0\\xb5\\x86 \\xe0\\xb4\\x9a\\xe0\\xb4\\xb0\\xe0\\xb4\\xbf\\xe0\\xb4\\xa4\\xe0\\xb5\\x8d\\xe0\\xb4\\xb0\\xe0\\xb4\\x82 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Malayalam\" lang=\"ml\" hreflang=\"ml\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xe0\\xb4\\xae\\xe0\\xb4\\xb2\\xe0\\xb4\\xaf\\xe0\\xb4\\xbe\\xe0\\xb4\\xb3\\xe0\\xb4\\x82</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ms\"><a href=\"https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_versi_Android\" title=\"Sejarah versi Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Malay\" lang=\"ms\" hreflang=\"ms\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja\"><a href=\"https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android%E3%81%AE%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E5%B1%A5%E6%AD%B4\" title=\"Android\\xe3\\x81\\xae\\xe3\\x83\\x90\\xe3\\x83\\xbc\\xe3\\x82\\xb8\\xe3\\x83\\xa7\\xe3\\x83\\xb3\\xe5\\xb1\\xa5\\xe6\\xad\\xb4 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Japanese\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xe6\\x97\\xa5\\xe6\\x9c\\xac\\xe8\\xaa\\x9e</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pl\"><a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wersje_systemu_Android\" title=\"Wersje systemu Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Polish\" lang=\"pl\" hreflang=\"pl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Polski</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt\"><a href=\"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3rico_de_vers%C3%B5es_do_Android\" title=\"Hist\\xc3\\xb3rico de vers\\xc3\\xb5es do Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Portugu\\xc3\\xaas</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ro\"><a href=\"https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_versiunilor_Android\" title=\"Lista versiunilor Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Romanian\" lang=\"ro\" hreflang=\"ro\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Rom\\xc3\\xa2n\\xc4\\x83</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru\"><a href=\"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_Android\" title=\"\\xd0\\x98\\xd1\\x81\\xd1\\x82\\xd0\\xbe\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xb8\\xd1\\x8f \\xd0\\xb2\\xd0\\xb5\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xb8\\xd0\\xb9 Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Russian\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xd0\\xa0\\xd1\\x83\\xd1\\x81\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb8\\xd0\\xb9</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fi\"><a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androidin_versiohistoria\" title=\"Androidin versiohistoria \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Finnish\" lang=\"fi\" hreflang=\"fi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Suomi</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv\"><a href=\"https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androids_versionshistorik\" title=\"Androids versionshistorik \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Swedish\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Svenska</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ta\"><a href=\"https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81\" title=\"\\xe0\\xae\\x86\\xe0\\xae\\xa3\\xe0\\xaf\\x8d\\xe0\\xae\\x9f\\xe0\\xaf\\x8d\\xe0\\xae\\xb0\\xe0\\xae\\xbe\\xe0\\xae\\xaf\\xe0\\xaf\\x8d\\xe0\\xae\\x9f\\xe0\\xaf\\x81 \\xe0\\xae\\xaa\\xe0\\xae\\xa4\\xe0\\xae\\xbf\\xe0\\xae\\xaa\\xe0\\xaf\\x8d\\xe0\\xae\\xaa\\xe0\\xaf\\x81\\xe0\\xae\\x95\\xe0\\xae\\xb3\\xe0\\xae\\xbf\\xe0\\xae\\xa9\\xe0\\xaf\\x8d \\xe0\\xae\\xb5\\xe0\\xae\\xb0\\xe0\\xae\\xb2\\xe0\\xae\\xbe\\xe0\\xae\\xb1\\xe0\\xaf\\x81 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Tamil\" lang=\"ta\" hreflang=\"ta\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xe0\\xae\\xa4\\xe0\\xae\\xae\\xe0\\xae\\xbf\\xe0\\xae\\xb4\\xe0\\xaf\\x8d</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th\"><a href=\"https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C\" title=\"\\xe0\\xb8\\x9b\\xe0\\xb8\\xa3\\xe0\\xb8\\xb0\\xe0\\xb8\\xa7\\xe0\\xb8\\xb1\\xe0\\xb8\\x95\\xe0\\xb8\\xb4\\xe0\\xb8\\xa3\\xe0\\xb8\\xb8\\xe0\\xb9\\x88\\xe0\\xb8\\x99\\xe0\\xb8\\x82\\xe0\\xb8\\xad\\xe0\\xb8\\x87\\xe0\\xb9\\x81\\xe0\\xb8\\xad\\xe0\\xb8\\x99\\xe0\\xb8\\x94\\xe0\\xb8\\xa3\\xe0\\xb8\\xad\\xe0\\xb8\\xa2\\xe0\\xb8\\x94\\xe0\\xb9\\x8c \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Thai\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xe0\\xb9\\x84\\xe0\\xb8\\x97\\xe0\\xb8\\xa2</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uk\"><a href=\"https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9_Android\" title=\"\\xd0\\xa1\\xd0\\xbf\\xd0\\xb8\\xd1\\x81\\xd0\\xbe\\xd0\\xba \\xd0\\xb2\\xd0\\xb5\\xd1\\x80\\xd1\\x81\\xd1\\x96\\xd0\\xb9 Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Ukrainian\" lang=\"uk\" hreflang=\"uk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xd0\\xa3\\xd0\\xba\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xb0\\xd1\\x97\\xd0\\xbd\\xd1\\x81\\xd1\\x8c\\xd0\\xba\\xd0\\xb0</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi\"><a href=\"https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_c%C3%A1c_phi%C3%AAn_b%E1%BA%A3n_Android\" title=\"L\\xe1\\xbb\\x8bch s\\xe1\\xbb\\xad c\\xc3\\xa1c phi\\xc3\\xaan b\\xe1\\xba\\xa3n Android \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Vietnamese\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Ti\\xe1\\xba\\xbfng Vi\\xe1\\xbb\\x87t</a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh\"><a href=\"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8\" title=\"Android\\xe7\\x89\\x88\\xe6\\x9c\\xac\\xe5\\x88\\x97\\xe8\\xa1\\xa8 \\xe2\\x80\\x93 Chinese\" lang=\"zh\" hreflang=\"zh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\\xe4\\xb8\\xad\\xe6\\x96\\x87</a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q79611#sitelinks-wikipedia\" title=\"Edit interlanguage links\" class=\"wbc-editpage\">Edit links</a></span></div>\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n<div id=\"p-coll-print_export\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal\" aria-labelledby=\"p-coll-print_export-label\" \\n\\t >\\n\\t<h3 id=\"p-coll-print_export-label\">\\n\\t\\t<span>Print/export</span>\\n\\t</h3>\\n\\t<!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t<div class=\"body vector-menu-content\">\\n\\t\\t<!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. -->\\n\\t\\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\"><li id=\"coll-download-as-rl\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&amp;page=Android+version+history&amp;action=show-download-screen\" title=\"Download this page as a PDF file\">Download as PDF</a></li><li id=\"t-print\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&amp;printable=yes\" title=\"Printable version of this page [p]\" accesskey=\"p\">Printable version</a></li></ul>\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t</div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n</div>\\n\\n</div>\\n\\n<div id=\"footer\" class=\"mw-footer\" role=\"contentinfo\" >\\n\\t<ul id=\"footer-info\" >\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"footer-info-lastmod\"> This page was last edited on 12 June 2020, at 12:40<span class=\"anonymous-show\">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"footer-info-copyright\">Text is available under the <a rel=\"license\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License\">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel=\"license\" href=\"//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/\" style=\"display:none;\"></a>;\\nadditional terms may apply.  By using this site, you agree to the <a href=\"//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use\">Terms of Use</a> and <a href=\"//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy\">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia\\xc2\\xae is a registered trademark of the <a href=\"//www.wikimediafoundation.org/\">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li>\\n\\t</ul>\\n\\t<ul id=\"footer-places\" >\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"footer-places-privacy\"><a href=\"https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wmf:Privacy policy\">Privacy policy</a></li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"footer-places-about\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Wikipedia:About\">About Wikipedia</a></li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"footer-places-disclaimer\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer\" title=\"Wikipedia:General disclaimer\">Disclaimers</a></li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"footer-places-contact\"><a href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us\">Contact Wikipedia</a></li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"footer-places-developers\"><a href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute\">Developers</a></li>\\n\\t\\t<li id=\"footer-places-statslink\"><a 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srcset=\"/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\"/></a></li>\\n\\t</ul>\\n\\t<div style=\"clear: both;\"></div>\\n</div>\\n\\n\\n<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({\"wgPageParseReport\":{\"limitreport\":{\"cputime\":\"2.000\",\"walltime\":\"2.192\",\"ppvisitednodes\":{\"value\":12960,\"limit\":1000000},\"postexpandincludesize\":{\"value\":653015,\"limit\":2097152},\"templateargumentsize\":{\"value\":118739,\"limit\":2097152},\"expansiondepth\":{\"value\":13,\"limit\":40},\"expensivefunctioncount\":{\"value\":4,\"limit\":500},\"unstrip-depth\":{\"value\":1,\"limit\":20},\"unstrip-size\":{\"value\":978634,\"limit\":5000000},\"entityaccesscount\":{\"value\":1,\"limit\":400},\"timingprofile\":[\"100.00% 1809.049      1 -total\",\" 66.83% 1209.036      2 Template:Reflist\",\" 50.65%  916.357    217 Template:Cite_web\",\" 16.59%  300.194     30 Template:Android_version_table\",\"  9.04%  163.623     65 Template:Android_version\",\"  6.13%  110.911     26 Template:Cite_news\",\"  4.18%   75.529     30 Template:TOC_tab\",\"  4.14%   74.912     10 Template:Navbox\",\"  2.79%   50.503      1 Template:Short_description\",\"  2.00%   36.172      1 Template:Android\"]},\"scribunto\":{\"limitreport-timeusage\":{\"value\":\"1.067\",\"limit\":\"10.000\"},\"limitreport-memusage\":{\"value\":6887900,\"limit\":52428800},\"limitreport-logs\":\"table#1 {\\\\n}\\\\ntable#1 {\\\\n}\\\\n\",\"limitreport-profile\":[[\"recursiveClone \\\\u003CmwInit.lua:41\\\\u003E\",\"100\",\"9.3\"],[\"?\",\"100\",\"9.3\"],[\"dataWrapper 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     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "android_url = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history\"\n",
    "\n",
    "data = urlopen(android_url)\n",
    "\n",
    "android_html = data.read()\n",
    "\n",
    "data.close()\n",
    "print(android_html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 2. Parsing Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "android_soup = soup(android_html,'html.parser')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n",
      "<table class=\"wikitable\">\n",
      "<tbody><tr>\n",
      "<th>Name\n",
      "</th>\n",
      "<th>Version number(s)\n",
      "</th>\n",
      "<th>Initial release date\n",
      "</th>\n",
      "<th>Latest release\n",
      "</th>\n",
      "<th>API level\n",
      "</th>\n",
      "<th>References\n",
      "</th></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td rowspan=\"2\">No codename\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>1.0\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>September 23, 2008\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>1\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-1\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unofficial_and_official_codenames-9\">[9]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td>1.1\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>February 9, 2009\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>2\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-unofficial_and_official_codenames_9-2\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unofficial_and_official_codenames-9\">[9]</a></sup><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-11\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">[11]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Cupcake\" title=\"Android Cupcake\">Cupcake</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>1.5\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>April 27, 2009\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>3\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Donut\" title=\"Android Donut\">Donut</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>1.6\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>September 15, 2009\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>4\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-12\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">[12]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Eclair\" title=\"Android Eclair\">Eclair</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>2.0 – 2.1\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>October 26, 2009\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>January 12, 2010\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>5 – 7\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-13\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">[13]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Froyo\" title=\"Android Froyo\">Froyo</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>2.2 – 2.2.3\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>May 20, 2010\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>November 21, 2011\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>8\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-14\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">[14]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Gingerbread\" title=\"Android Gingerbread\">Gingerbread</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>2.3 – 2.3.7\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>December 6, 2010\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>September 21, 2011\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>9 – 10\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-15\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">[15]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Honeycomb\" title=\"Android Honeycomb\">Honeycomb</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>3.0 – 3.2.6\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>February 22, 2011\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>February 15, 2014\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>11 – 13\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-16\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">[16]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich\" title=\"Android Ice Cream Sandwich\">Ice Cream Sandwich</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>4.0 – 4.0.4\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>October 18, 2011\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>June 6, 2012\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>14 – 15\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-17\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\">[17]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean\" title=\"Android Jelly Bean\">Jelly Bean</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>4.1 – 4.3.1\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>July 9, 2012\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>October 7, 2013\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>16 – 18\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-18\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">[18]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_KitKat\" title=\"Android KitKat\">KitKat</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>4.4 – 4.4.4\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>October 31, 2013\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>July 7, 2014\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>19 – 20\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-19\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\">[19]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Lollipop\" title=\"Android Lollipop\">Lollipop</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>5.0 – 5.1.1\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>November 12, 2014\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>April 21, 2015\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>21 – 22\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-20\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">[20]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Marshmallow\" title=\"Android Marshmallow\">Marshmallow</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>6.0 – 6.0.1\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>October 5, 2015\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>October 3, 2017\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>23\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-21\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">[21]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Nougat\" title=\"Android Nougat\">Nougat</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>7.0 – 7.1.2\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>August 22, 2016\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>August 5, 2019\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>24 – 25\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-22\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">[22]</a></sup><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-23\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">[23]</a></sup><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-24\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">[24]</a></sup><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-25\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">[25]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Oreo\" title=\"Android Oreo\">Oreo</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>8.0 – 8.1\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>August 21, 2017\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>June 1, 2020\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>26 – 27\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-26\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">[26]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_Pie\" title=\"Android Pie\">Pie</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>9.0\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>August 6, 2018\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>June 1, 2020\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>28\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-27\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">[27]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_10\" title=\"Android 10\">Android 10</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>10.0\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>September 3, 2019\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>June 1, 2020\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>29\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-28\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">[28]</a></sup>\n",
      "</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"/wiki/Android_11\" title=\"Android 11\">Android 11</a>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>11.0\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>TBD\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>\n",
      "</td>\n",
      "<td>\n",
      "</td></tr></tbody></table>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "android_tables = android_soup.find('table',{'class':'wikitable'})\n",
    "print(len(android_tables))\n",
    "print(android_tables)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 3. Extracting Useful Information\n",
    "* Remove underired tags\n",
    "* Extract Table header And Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[<th>Name\n",
      "</th>, <th>Version number(s)\n",
      "</th>, <th>Initial release date\n",
      "</th>, <th>Latest release\n",
      "</th>, <th>API level\n",
      "</th>, <th>References\n",
      "</th>]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "headers = android_tables.find_all('th')\n",
    "print(headers)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Name',\n",
       " 'Version number(s)',\n",
       " 'Initial release date',\n",
       " 'Latest release',\n",
       " 'API level',\n",
       " 'References']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(len(headers)):\n",
    "    headers[i] = headers[i].text[:-1]\n",
    "headers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "rows_table = android_tables.find_all('tr')[1:] \n",
    "list_rows = []\n",
    "for i in range(len(rows_table)):\n",
    "    arow = rows_table[i].find_all('td',{})\n",
    "    list_ele = []\n",
    "    for d in arow:\n",
    "        if d.text[-1] == \"\\n\": \n",
    "            list_ele.append(d.text[:-1])\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            list_ele.append(d.text)\n",
    "    list_rows.append(list_ele)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[['No codename', '1.0', 'September 23, 2008', '', '1', '[9]'], ['1.1', 'February 9, 2009', '', '2', '[9][11]'], ['Cupcake', '1.5', 'April 27, 2009', '', '3', ''], ['Donut', '1.6', 'September 15, 2009', '', '4', '[12]'], ['Eclair', '2.0 – 2.1', 'October 26, 2009', 'January 12, 2010', '5 – 7', '[13]'], ['Froyo', '2.2 – 2.2.3', 'May 20, 2010', 'November 21, 2011', '8', '[14]'], ['Gingerbread', '2.3 – 2.3.7', 'December 6, 2010', 'September 21, 2011', '9 – 10', '[15]'], ['Honeycomb', '3.0 – 3.2.6', 'February 22, 2011', 'February 15, 2014', '11 – 13', '[16]'], ['Ice Cream Sandwich', '4.0 – 4.0.4', 'October 18, 2011', 'June 6, 2012', '14 – 15', '[17]'], ['Jelly Bean', '4.1 – 4.3.1', 'July 9, 2012', 'October 7, 2013', '16 – 18', '[18]'], ['KitKat', '4.4 – 4.4.4', 'October 31, 2013', 'July 7, 2014', '19 – 20', '[19]'], ['Lollipop', '5.0 – 5.1.1', 'November 12, 2014', 'April 21, 2015', '21 – 22', '[20]'], ['Marshmallow', '6.0 – 6.0.1', 'October 5, 2015', 'October 3, 2017', '23', '[21]'], ['Nougat', '7.0 – 7.1.2', 'August 22, 2016', 'August 5, 2019', '24 – 25', '[22][23][24][25]'], ['Oreo', '8.0 – 8.1', 'August 21, 2017', 'June 1, 2020', '26 – 27', '[26]'], ['Pie', '9.0', 'August 6, 2018', 'June 1, 2020', '28', '[27]'], ['Android 10', '10.0', 'September 3, 2019', 'June 1, 2020', '29', '[28]'], ['Android 11', '11.0', 'TBD', '', '', '']]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(list_rows)\n",
    "list_rows = list_rows[0:1] + list_rows[2:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.DataFrame(list_rows,columns=headers)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Name</th>\n",
       "      <th>Version number(s)</th>\n",
       "      <th>Initial release date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Latest release</th>\n",
       "      <th>API level</th>\n",
       "      <th>References</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>No codename</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>September 23, 2008</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>[9]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Cupcake</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>April 27, 2009</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Donut</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>September 15, 2009</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>[12]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eclair</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0 – 2.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>October 26, 2009</td>\n",
       "      <td>January 12, 2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>5 – 7</td>\n",
       "      <td>[13]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Froyo</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2 – 2.2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>May 20, 2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>November 21, 2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>[14]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Gingerbread</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3 – 2.3.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 6, 2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>September 21, 2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>9 – 10</td>\n",
       "      <td>[15]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Honeycomb</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0 – 3.2.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>February 22, 2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>February 15, 2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>11 – 13</td>\n",
       "      <td>[16]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ice Cream Sandwich</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0 – 4.0.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>October 18, 2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>June 6, 2012</td>\n",
       "      <td>14 – 15</td>\n",
       "      <td>[17]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jelly Bean</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.1 – 4.3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>July 9, 2012</td>\n",
       "      <td>October 7, 2013</td>\n",
       "      <td>16 – 18</td>\n",
       "      <td>[18]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>KitKat</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.4 – 4.4.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>October 31, 2013</td>\n",
       "      <td>July 7, 2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>19 – 20</td>\n",
       "      <td>[19]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Lollipop</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0 – 5.1.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>November 12, 2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>April 21, 2015</td>\n",
       "      <td>21 – 22</td>\n",
       "      <td>[20]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>Marshmallow</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0 – 6.0.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>October 5, 2015</td>\n",
       "      <td>October 3, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>[21]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nougat</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.0 – 7.1.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2016</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 5, 2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>24 – 25</td>\n",
       "      <td>[22][23][24][25]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Oreo</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0 – 8.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 21, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>June 1, 2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>26 – 27</td>\n",
       "      <td>[26]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Pie</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 6, 2018</td>\n",
       "      <td>June 1, 2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>[27]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Android 10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>September 3, 2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>June 1, 2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>[28]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Android 11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TBD</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                  Name Version number(s) Initial release date  \\\n",
       "0          No codename               1.0   September 23, 2008   \n",
       "1              Cupcake               1.5       April 27, 2009   \n",
       "2                Donut               1.6   September 15, 2009   \n",
       "3               Eclair         2.0 – 2.1     October 26, 2009   \n",
       "4                Froyo       2.2 – 2.2.3         May 20, 2010   \n",
       "5          Gingerbread       2.3 – 2.3.7     December 6, 2010   \n",
       "6            Honeycomb       3.0 – 3.2.6    February 22, 2011   \n",
       "7   Ice Cream Sandwich       4.0 – 4.0.4     October 18, 2011   \n",
       "8           Jelly Bean       4.1 – 4.3.1         July 9, 2012   \n",
       "9               KitKat       4.4 – 4.4.4     October 31, 2013   \n",
       "10            Lollipop       5.0 – 5.1.1    November 12, 2014   \n",
       "11         Marshmallow       6.0 – 6.0.1      October 5, 2015   \n",
       "12              Nougat       7.0 – 7.1.2      August 22, 2016   \n",
       "13                Oreo         8.0 – 8.1      August 21, 2017   \n",
       "14                 Pie               9.0       August 6, 2018   \n",
       "15          Android 10              10.0    September 3, 2019   \n",
       "16          Android 11              11.0                  TBD   \n",
       "\n",
       "        Latest release API level        References  \n",
       "0                              1               [9]  \n",
       "1                              3                    \n",
       "2                              4              [12]  \n",
       "3     January 12, 2010     5 – 7              [13]  \n",
       "4    November 21, 2011         8              [14]  \n",
       "5   September 21, 2011    9 – 10              [15]  \n",
       "6    February 15, 2014   11 – 13              [16]  \n",
       "7         June 6, 2012   14 – 15              [17]  \n",
       "8      October 7, 2013   16 – 18              [18]  \n",
       "9         July 7, 2014   19 – 20              [19]  \n",
       "10      April 21, 2015   21 – 22              [20]  \n",
       "11     October 3, 2017        23              [21]  \n",
       "12      August 5, 2019   24 – 25  [22][23][24][25]  \n",
       "13        June 1, 2020   26 – 27              [26]  \n",
       "14        June 1, 2020        28              [27]  \n",
       "15        June 1, 2020        29              [28]  \n",
       "16                                                  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 4. Writing CSV File"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.to_csv(\"android_version.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Name                           Gingerbread\n",
       "Version number(s)              2.3 – 2.3.7\n",
       "Initial release date      December 6, 2010\n",
       "Latest release          September 21, 2011\n",
       "API level                           9 – 10\n",
       "References                            [15]\n",
       "Name: 5, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.iloc[5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "with open('Android version history .html',encoding='utf-8') as f:\n",
    "    page_soup = soup(f,'html.parser')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<h1 class=\"firstHeading\" id=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\">Android version history</h1>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "page_soup.find('h1')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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