Formatting provides the ability to do complex variable substitutions and value formatting.
The numeric format strings are used to format common numeric types. The general form of a format specifier is:
[[fill]align][sign][symbol][0][width][,][.precision][type]
-
fill- can be any character, defaults to a space if omitted. The presence of a fill character is signaled by the*align*character following it, which must be one of the alignment options. -
align- the various alignment options is as follows:>- forces the field to be right-aligned within the available space (default behavior);<- forces the field to be left-aligned within the available space;^- forces the field to be centered within the available space;=- like>, but with any sign and symbol to the left of any padding.
-
signcan be:-- nothing for zero or positive and a minus sign for negative (default behavior);+- a plus sign for zero or positive and a minus sign for negative;
-
symbolcan be:$- apply currency symbols per the locale definition;#- for binary, octal, or hexadecimal notation, prefix by0b,0o, or0x, respectively.
-
zero(0) option enables zero-padding; this implicitly sets fill to0and align to=. -
widthdefines the minimum field width; if not specified, then the width will be determined by the content. -
comma(,) option enables the use of a group separator, such as a comma for thousands. -
precisiondepending on thetype, theprecisioneither indicates the number of digits that follow the decimal point (typesfand%), or the number of significant digits (types,e,g,r,sandp). If the precision is not specified, it defaults to 6 for all types except (none), which defaults to 12. Precision is ignored for integer formats (typesb,o,d,x,Xandc). -
typedetermines how the data should be presented:e- exponent notation;f- fixed point notation;g- either decimal or exponent notation, rounded to significant digits;s- decimal notation with an SI prefix, rounded to significant digits;%- multiply by 100, and then decimal notation with a percent sign;b- binary notation, rounded to integer;o- octal notation, rounded to integer;d- decimal notation, rounded to integer;x- hexadecimal notation, using lower-case letters, rounded to integer;X- hexadecimal notation, using upper-case letters, rounded to integer;c- simple toString.
The following SI prefixes are supported for
stype:y- yocto, 10⁻²⁴z- zepto, 10⁻²¹a- atto, 10⁻¹⁸f- femto, 10⁻¹⁵p- pico, 10⁻¹²n- nano, 10⁻⁹µ- micro, 10⁻⁶m- milli, 10⁻³(none) - 10⁰k- kilo, 10³M- mega, 10⁶G- giga, 10⁹T- tera, 10¹²P- peta, 10¹⁵E- exa, 10¹⁸Z- zetta, 10²¹Y- yotta, 10²⁴
Let's format the number 42:
08d --> "00000042"
_<8d --> "______42"
_=8d --> "___42___"
_=+8d --> "+_____42"
_^11.0% --> "____42%____"
_^11,.0% --> "__42,200%__"
+08,d --> "+0,000,042"
.1f --> "42.0"
+.3f --> "+42.000"
b --> "101010"
#b --> "0b101010"
o --> "52"
e --> "4.200000e+1"
s --> "42.0000"
020,s --> "000,000,000,042.0000"
020.0% --> "0000000000000004200%"
Some other examples:
format number result
.1f 0.42 "0.4"
.3g 0.4449 "0.445"
,.12g -4200000 "-4,200,000"
0,.2f 1234567.449 "1,234,567.45"
+$,.2f 1e4 "+$10,000.00"
The number format can be used in a template to create a string with variable substitution. The string template contains
“replacement fields” surrounded by curly braces {}. Anything that is not contained in braces is considered literal
text, which is copied unchanged to the result string. If you need to include a brace character in the literal text, it
can be escaped by doubling: {{ and }}. This approach is used in function layerTooltips() to customize the content of
tooltips.
See: Tooltip Customization in Lets-Plot.
Provides formats for date and time values.
The list of supported directives to format date/time values:
%a- weekday as an abbreviated name (Sun, Mon, …, Sat);%A- weekday as a full name (Sunday, Monday, …, Saturday)%b- month as an abbreviated name (Jan, Feb, …, Dec);%B- month as a full name (January, February, …, December);%d- day of the month as a zero-padded decimal number (01, 02, …, 31);%e- day of the month as a decimal number (1, 2, …, 31);%j- day of the year as a zero-padded decimal number (001, 002, …, 366).%m- month as a zero-padded decimal number (01, 02, …, 12);%w- weekday as a decimal number, where 0 is Sunday and 6 is Saturday (0, 1, …, 6);%y- year without century as a zero-padded decimal number (00, 01, …, 99);%Y- year with century as a decimal number (0001, 0002, …, 2013, 2014, …, 9998, 9999);%H- hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number (00, 01, …, 23);%I- hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number (01, 02, …, 12);%l- hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number (1, 2, …, 12);%M- minute as a zero-padded decimal number (00, 01, …, 59);%p- "AM" or "PM" according to the given time value;%P- like %p but in lowercase: "am" or "pm";%S- second as a zero-padded decimal number (00, 01, …, 59).
Let's apply the format string to the date Aug 6, 2019 and the time 4:46:35:
%a --> "Tue"
%A --> "Tuesday"
%b --> "Aug"
%B --> "August"
%d --> "06"
%e --> "6"
%j --> "218"
%m --> "08"
%w --> "2"
%y --> "19"
%Y --> "2019"
%H --> "04"
%I --> "04"
%l --> "4"
%M --> "46"
%P --> "am"
%p --> "AM"
%S --> "35"
%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S --> "2019-08-06T04:46:35"
%m/%d/%Y --> "08/06/2019"
%m-%d-%Y %H:%M --> "08-06-2019 04:46"
%d.%m.%y --> "06.08.19"
%A, %b %e, %Y --> "Tuesday, Aug 6, 2019"
%b %d, %l:%M %p --> "Aug 06, 4:46 AM"
%B %Y --> "August 2019"
%b %e, %Y --> "Aug 6, 2019"
%a, %e %b %Y %H:%M:%S --> "Tue, 6 Aug 2019 04:46:35"
%B %e %Y %H:%M %p --> "August 6 2019 04:46 AM"