base64.jl

# This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: http://julialang.org/license

module Base64
import Base: read, write, close, eof, empty!
export Base64EncodePipe, Base64DecodePipe, base64encode, base64decode

# Base64EncodePipe is a pipe-like IO object, which converts into base64 data sent
# to a stream. (You must close the pipe to complete the encode, separate from
# closing the target stream).  We also have a function base64encode(f,
# args...) which works like sprint except that it produces
# base64-encoded data, along with base64encode(args...)  which is equivalent
# to base64encode(write, args...), to return base64 strings.
# A Base64DecodePipe object can be used to decode base64-encoded data read from a stream
# , while function base64decode is useful for decoding strings
#############################################################################

"""
    Base64EncodePipe(ostream)

Returns a new write-only I/O stream, which converts any bytes written to it into
base64-encoded ASCII bytes written to `ostream`.
Calling [`close`](@ref) on the `Base64EncodePipe` stream
is necessary to complete the encoding (but does not close `ostream`).

```jldoctest
julia> io = IOBuffer();

julia> iob64_encode = Base64EncodePipe(io);

julia> write(iob64_encode, "Hello!")
6

julia> close(iob64_encode);

julia> str = String(take!(io))
"SGVsbG8h"

julia> String(base64decode(str))
"Hello!"
```
"""
mutable struct Base64EncodePipe <: IO
    io::IO
    # writing works in groups of 3, so we need to cache last two bytes written
    b0::UInt8
    b1::UInt8
    nb::UInt8 # number of bytes in cache: 0, 1, or 2

    function Base64EncodePipe(io::IO)
        b = new(io,0,0,0)
        finalizer(b, close)
        return b
    end
end

#############################################################################

# Based on code by Stefan Karpinski from https://github.com/hackerschool/WebSockets.jl (distributed under the same MIT license as Julia)

const b64chars = ['A':'Z';'a':'z';'0':'9';'+';'/']

const base64_pad = UInt8('=')

function b64(x::UInt8, y::UInt8, z::UInt8)
    n = Int(x)<<16 | Int(y)<<8 | Int(z)
    b64chars[(n >> 18) + 1],
    b64chars[(n >> 12) & 0b111111 + 1],
    b64chars[(n >> 6) & 0b111111 + 1],
    b64chars[(n ) & 0b111111 + 1]
end

function b64(x::UInt8, y::UInt8)
    a, b, c = b64(x, y, 0x0)
    a, b, c, base64_pad
end

function b64(x::UInt8)
    a, b = b64(x, 0x0, 0x0)
    a, b, base64_pad, base64_pad
end

const sentinel = typemax(UInt8)
const revb64chars = fill(sentinel, 256)
# Fill revb64chars
for (val, ch) in enumerate(b64chars)
    revb64chars[UInt8(ch)] = UInt8(val - 1)
end

# Decode a block of at least 2 and at most 4 bytes, received in encvec
# Returns the first decoded byte and stores up to two more in cache
function b64decode!(encvec::Vector{UInt8}, cache::Vector{UInt8})
    if length(encvec) < 2
        throw(ArgumentError("incorrect base64 format, block must be at least 2 and at most 4 bytes"))
    end
    @inbounds u = revb64chars[encvec[1]]
    @inbounds v = revb64chars[encvec[2]]
    empty!(cache)
    res = (u << 2) | (v >> 4)
    if length(encvec) > 2
        @inbounds w = revb64chars[encvec[3]]
        push!(cache, (v << 4) | (w >> 2))
    end
    if length(encvec) > 3
        @inbounds z = revb64chars[encvec[4]]
        push!(cache, (w << 6) | z)
    end
    res
end


#############################################################################

function unsafe_write(b::Base64EncodePipe, x::Ptr{UInt8}, n::UInt)
    s = 1 # starting index
    # finish any cached data to write:
    if b.nb == 1
        if n >= 2
            write(b.io, b64(b.b0, unsafe_load(x, 1), unsafe_load(x, 2))...)
            s = 3
        elseif n == 1
            b.b1 = unsafe_load(x, 1)
            b.nb = 2
            return
        else
            return
        end
    elseif b.nb == 2
        if n >= 1
            write(b.io, b64(b.b0, b.b1, unsafe_load(x, 1))...)
            s = 2
        else
            return
        end
    end
    # write all groups of three bytes:
    while s + 2 <= n
        write(b.io, b64(unsafe_load(x, s), unsafe_load(x, s + 1), unsafe_load(x, s + 2))...)
        s += 3
    end
    # cache any leftover bytes:
    if s + 1 == n
        b.b0 = unsafe_load(x, s)
        b.b1 = unsafe_load(x, s + 1)
        b.nb = 2
    elseif s == n
        b.b0 = unsafe_load(x, s)
        b.nb = 1
    else
        b.nb = 0
    end
    n
end

function write(b::Base64EncodePipe, x::UInt8)
    if b.nb == 0
        b.b0 = x
        b.nb = 1
    elseif b.nb == 1
        b.b1 = x
        b.nb = 2
    else
        write(b.io, b64(b.b0,b.b1,x)...)
        b.nb = 0
    end
    1
end

function close(b::Base64EncodePipe)
    if b.nb > 0
        # write leftover bytes + padding
        if b.nb == 1
            write(b.io, b64(b.b0)...)
        else # b.nb == 2
            write(b.io, b64(b.b0, b.b1)...)
        end
        b.nb = 0
    end
    nothing
end

# like sprint, but returns base64 string
"""
    base64encode(writefunc, args...)
    base64encode(args...)

Given a [`write`](@ref)-like function `writefunc`, which takes an I/O stream as its first argument,
`base64encode(writefunc, args...)` calls `writefunc` to write `args...` to a base64-encoded
string, and returns the string. `base64encode(args...)` is equivalent to `base64encode(write, args...)`:
it converts its arguments into bytes using the standard [`write`](@ref) functions and returns the
base64-encoded string.

See also [`base64decode`](@ref).
"""
function base64encode(f::Function, args...)
    s = IOBuffer()
    b = Base64EncodePipe(s)
    f(b, args...)
    close(b)
    String(take!(s))
end
base64encode(x...) = base64encode(write, x...)

#############################################################################

"""
    Base64DecodePipe(istream)

Returns a new read-only I/O stream, which decodes base64-encoded data read from `istream`.

```jldoctest
julia> io = IOBuffer();

julia> iob64_decode = Base64DecodePipe(io);

julia> write(io, "SGVsbG8h")
8

julia> seekstart(io);

julia> String(read(iob64_decode))
"Hello!"
```
"""
mutable struct Base64DecodePipe <: IO
    io::IO
    # reading works in blocks of 4 characters that are decoded into 3 bytes and 2 of them cached
    cache::Vector{UInt8}
    encvec::Vector{UInt8}

    function Base64DecodePipe(io::IO)
        b = new(io,[],[])
        finalizer(b, close)
        return b
    end
end

function read(b::Base64DecodePipe, t::Type{UInt8})
    if !isempty(b.cache)
        return shift!(b.cache)
    else
        empty!(b.encvec)
        while !eof(b.io) && length(b.encvec) < 4
            c::UInt8 = read(b.io, t)
            @inbounds if revb64chars[c] != sentinel
                push!(b.encvec, c)
            end
        end
        return b64decode!(b.encvec,b.cache)
    end
end

eof(b::Base64DecodePipe) = isempty(b.cache) && eof(b.io)
close(b::Base64DecodePipe) = nothing

# Decodes a base64-encoded string

"""
    base64decode(string)

Decodes the base64-encoded `string` and returns a `Vector{UInt8}` of the decoded bytes.

See also [`base64encode`](@ref)

```jldoctest
julia> b = base64decode("SGVsbG8h")
6-element Array{UInt8,1}:
 0x48
 0x65
 0x6c
 0x6c
 0x6f
 0x21

julia> String(b)
"Hello!"
```
"""
function base64decode(s)
    b = IOBuffer(s)
    try
        return read(Base64DecodePipe(b))
    finally
        close(b)
    end
end

end # module