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blocks_store_queryable.go
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/
blocks_store_queryable.go
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package querier
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"io"
"strings"
"sync"
"time"
"github.com/go-kit/kit/log"
"github.com/go-kit/kit/log/level"
"github.com/gogo/protobuf/types"
"github.com/oklog/ulid"
"github.com/pkg/errors"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pkg/labels"
"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/block"
"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/block/metadata"
"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/extprom"
"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/store/hintspb"
"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/store/storepb"
"github.com/weaveworks/common/user"
"go.uber.org/atomic"
"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
grpc_metadata "google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/querier/series"
"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/ring"
"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/ring/kv"
cortex_tsdb "github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/storage/tsdb"
"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/storegateway"
"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/storegateway/storegatewaypb"
"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/util"
"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/util/services"
"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/util/spanlogger"
)
const (
// The maximum number of times we attempt fetching missing blocks from different
// store-gateways. If no more store-gateways are left (ie. due to lower replication
// factor) than we'll end the retries earlier.
maxFetchSeriesAttempts = 3
)
var (
errNoStoreGatewayAddress = errors.New("no store-gateway address configured")
errMaxChunksPerQueryLimit = "the query hit the max number of chunks limit while fetching chunks for %s (limit: %d)"
)
// BlocksStoreSet is the interface used to get the clients to query series on a set of blocks.
type BlocksStoreSet interface {
services.Service
// GetClientsFor returns the store gateway clients that should be used to
// query the set of blocks in input. The exclude parameter is the map of
// blocks -> store-gateway addresses that should be excluded.
GetClientsFor(userID string, blockIDs []ulid.ULID, exclude map[ulid.ULID][]string) (map[BlocksStoreClient][]ulid.ULID, error)
}
// BlocksFinder is the interface used to find blocks for a given user and time range.
type BlocksFinder interface {
services.Service
// GetBlocks returns known blocks for userID containing samples within the range minT
// and maxT (milliseconds, both included). Returned blocks are sorted by MaxTime descending.
GetBlocks(userID string, minT, maxT int64) ([]*BlockMeta, map[ulid.ULID]*metadata.DeletionMark, error)
}
// BlocksStoreClient is the interface that should be implemented by any client used
// to query a backend store-gateway.
type BlocksStoreClient interface {
storegatewaypb.StoreGatewayClient
// RemoteAddress returns the address of the remote store-gateway and is used to uniquely
// identify a store-gateway backend instance.
RemoteAddress() string
}
// BlocksStoreLimits is the interface that should be implemented by the limits provider.
type BlocksStoreLimits interface {
MaxChunksPerQuery(userID string) int
StoreGatewayTenantShardSize(userID string) int
}
type blocksStoreQueryableMetrics struct {
storesHit prometheus.Histogram
refetches prometheus.Histogram
}
func newBlocksStoreQueryableMetrics(reg prometheus.Registerer) *blocksStoreQueryableMetrics {
return &blocksStoreQueryableMetrics{
storesHit: promauto.With(reg).NewHistogram(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
Namespace: "cortex",
Name: "querier_storegateway_instances_hit_per_query",
Help: "Number of store-gateway instances hit for a single query.",
Buckets: []float64{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10},
}),
refetches: promauto.With(reg).NewHistogram(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
Namespace: "cortex",
Name: "querier_storegateway_refetches_per_query",
Help: "Number of re-fetches attempted while querying store-gateway instances due to missing blocks.",
Buckets: []float64{0, 1, 2},
}),
}
}
// BlocksStoreQueryable is a queryable which queries blocks storage via
// the store-gateway.
type BlocksStoreQueryable struct {
services.Service
stores BlocksStoreSet
finder BlocksFinder
consistency *BlocksConsistencyChecker
logger log.Logger
queryStoreAfter time.Duration
metrics *blocksStoreQueryableMetrics
limits BlocksStoreLimits
// Subservices manager.
subservices *services.Manager
subservicesWatcher *services.FailureWatcher
}
func NewBlocksStoreQueryable(stores BlocksStoreSet, finder BlocksFinder, consistency *BlocksConsistencyChecker, limits BlocksStoreLimits, queryStoreAfter time.Duration, logger log.Logger, reg prometheus.Registerer) (*BlocksStoreQueryable, error) {
manager, err := services.NewManager(stores, finder)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "register blocks storage queryable subservices")
}
q := &BlocksStoreQueryable{
stores: stores,
finder: finder,
consistency: consistency,
queryStoreAfter: queryStoreAfter,
logger: logger,
subservices: manager,
subservicesWatcher: services.NewFailureWatcher(),
metrics: newBlocksStoreQueryableMetrics(reg),
limits: limits,
}
q.Service = services.NewBasicService(q.starting, q.running, q.stopping)
return q, nil
}
func NewBlocksStoreQueryableFromConfig(querierCfg Config, gatewayCfg storegateway.Config, storageCfg cortex_tsdb.BlocksStorageConfig, limits BlocksStoreLimits, logger log.Logger, reg prometheus.Registerer) (*BlocksStoreQueryable, error) {
var stores BlocksStoreSet
bucketClient, err := cortex_tsdb.NewBucketClient(context.Background(), storageCfg.Bucket, "querier", logger, reg)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create bucket client")
}
// Blocks scanner doesn't use chunks, but we pass config for consistency.
cachingBucket, err := cortex_tsdb.CreateCachingBucket(storageCfg.BucketStore.ChunksCache, storageCfg.BucketStore.MetadataCache, bucketClient, logger, extprom.WrapRegistererWith(prometheus.Labels{"component": "querier"}, reg))
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "create caching bucket")
}
bucketClient = cachingBucket
scanner := NewBlocksScanner(BlocksScannerConfig{
ScanInterval: storageCfg.BucketStore.SyncInterval,
TenantsConcurrency: storageCfg.BucketStore.TenantSyncConcurrency,
MetasConcurrency: storageCfg.BucketStore.BlockSyncConcurrency,
CacheDir: storageCfg.BucketStore.SyncDir,
ConsistencyDelay: storageCfg.BucketStore.ConsistencyDelay,
IgnoreDeletionMarksDelay: storageCfg.BucketStore.IgnoreDeletionMarksDelay,
}, bucketClient, logger, reg)
if gatewayCfg.ShardingEnabled {
storesRingCfg := gatewayCfg.ShardingRing.ToRingConfig()
storesRingBackend, err := kv.NewClient(
storesRingCfg.KVStore,
ring.GetCodec(),
kv.RegistererWithKVName(reg, "querier-store-gateway"),
)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create store-gateway ring backend")
}
storesRing, err := ring.NewWithStoreClientAndStrategy(storesRingCfg, storegateway.RingNameForClient, storegateway.RingKey, storesRingBackend, &storegateway.BlocksReplicationStrategy{})
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create store-gateway ring client")
}
if reg != nil {
reg.MustRegister(storesRing)
}
stores, err = newBlocksStoreReplicationSet(storesRing, gatewayCfg.ShardingStrategy, limits, querierCfg.StoreGatewayClient, logger, reg)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create store set")
}
} else {
if len(querierCfg.GetStoreGatewayAddresses()) == 0 {
return nil, errNoStoreGatewayAddress
}
stores = newBlocksStoreBalancedSet(querierCfg.GetStoreGatewayAddresses(), querierCfg.StoreGatewayClient, logger, reg)
}
consistency := NewBlocksConsistencyChecker(
// Exclude blocks which have been recently uploaded, in order to give enough time to store-gateways
// to discover and load them (3 times the sync interval).
storageCfg.BucketStore.ConsistencyDelay+(3*storageCfg.BucketStore.SyncInterval),
// To avoid any false positive in the consistency check, we do exclude blocks which have been
// recently marked for deletion, until the "ignore delay / 2". This means the consistency checker
// exclude such blocks about 50% of the time before querier and store-gateway stops querying them.
storageCfg.BucketStore.IgnoreDeletionMarksDelay/2,
logger,
reg,
)
return NewBlocksStoreQueryable(stores, scanner, consistency, limits, querierCfg.QueryStoreAfter, logger, reg)
}
func (q *BlocksStoreQueryable) starting(ctx context.Context) error {
q.subservicesWatcher.WatchManager(q.subservices)
if err := services.StartManagerAndAwaitHealthy(ctx, q.subservices); err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "unable to start blocks storage queryable subservices")
}
return nil
}
func (q *BlocksStoreQueryable) running(ctx context.Context) error {
for {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return nil
case err := <-q.subservicesWatcher.Chan():
return errors.Wrap(err, "block storage queryable subservice failed")
}
}
}
func (q *BlocksStoreQueryable) stopping(_ error) error {
return services.StopManagerAndAwaitStopped(context.Background(), q.subservices)
}
// Querier returns a new Querier on the storage.
func (q *BlocksStoreQueryable) Querier(ctx context.Context, mint, maxt int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
if s := q.State(); s != services.Running {
return nil, errors.Errorf("BlocksStoreQueryable is not running: %v", s)
}
userID, err := user.ExtractOrgID(ctx)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &blocksStoreQuerier{
ctx: ctx,
minT: mint,
maxT: maxt,
userID: userID,
finder: q.finder,
stores: q.stores,
metrics: q.metrics,
limits: q.limits,
consistency: q.consistency,
logger: q.logger,
queryStoreAfter: q.queryStoreAfter,
}, nil
}
type blocksStoreQuerier struct {
ctx context.Context
minT, maxT int64
userID string
finder BlocksFinder
stores BlocksStoreSet
metrics *blocksStoreQueryableMetrics
consistency *BlocksConsistencyChecker
limits BlocksStoreLimits
logger log.Logger
// If set, the querier manipulates the max time to not be greater than
// "now - queryStoreAfter" so that most recent blocks are not queried.
queryStoreAfter time.Duration
}
// Select implements storage.Querier interface.
// The bool passed is ignored because the series is always sorted.
func (q *blocksStoreQuerier) Select(_ bool, sp *storage.SelectHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) storage.SeriesSet {
return q.selectSorted(sp, matchers...)
}
func (q *blocksStoreQuerier) LabelValues(name string) ([]string, storage.Warnings, error) {
// Cortex doesn't use this. It will ask ingesters for metadata.
return nil, nil, errors.New("not implemented")
}
func (q *blocksStoreQuerier) LabelNames() ([]string, storage.Warnings, error) {
// Cortex doesn't use this. It will ask ingesters for metadata.
return nil, nil, errors.New("not implemented")
}
func (q *blocksStoreQuerier) Close() error {
return nil
}
func (q *blocksStoreQuerier) selectSorted(sp *storage.SelectHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) storage.SeriesSet {
spanLog, spanCtx := spanlogger.New(q.ctx, "blocksStoreQuerier.selectSorted")
defer spanLog.Span.Finish()
minT, maxT := q.minT, q.maxT
if sp != nil {
minT, maxT = sp.Start, sp.End
}
// If queryStoreAfter is enabled, we do manipulate the query maxt to query samples up until
// now - queryStoreAfter, because the most recent time range is covered by ingesters. This
// optimization is particularly important for the blocks storage because can be used to skip
// querying most recent not-compacted-yet blocks from the storage.
if q.queryStoreAfter > 0 {
now := time.Now()
origMaxT := maxT
maxT = util.Min64(maxT, util.TimeToMillis(now.Add(-q.queryStoreAfter)))
if origMaxT != maxT {
level.Debug(spanLog).Log("msg", "the max time of the query to blocks storage has been manipulated", "original", origMaxT, "updated", maxT)
}
if maxT < minT {
q.metrics.storesHit.Observe(0)
level.Debug(spanLog).Log("msg", "empty query time range after max time manipulation")
return storage.EmptySeriesSet()
}
}
// Find the list of blocks we need to query given the time range.
knownMetas, knownDeletionMarks, err := q.finder.GetBlocks(q.userID, minT, maxT)
if err != nil {
return storage.ErrSeriesSet(err)
}
if len(knownMetas) == 0 {
q.metrics.storesHit.Observe(0)
level.Debug(spanLog).Log("msg", "no blocks found")
return storage.EmptySeriesSet()
}
level.Debug(spanLog).Log("msg", "found blocks to query", "expected", BlockMetas(knownMetas).String())
var (
// At the beginning the list of blocks to query are all known blocks.
remainingBlocks = getULIDsFromBlockMetas(knownMetas)
attemptedBlocks = map[ulid.ULID][]string{}
touchedStores = map[string]struct{}{}
convertedMatchers = convertMatchersToLabelMatcher(matchers)
resSeriesSets = []storage.SeriesSet(nil)
resWarnings = storage.Warnings(nil)
resQueriedBlocks = []ulid.ULID(nil)
maxChunksLimit = q.limits.MaxChunksPerQuery(q.userID)
leftChunksLimit = maxChunksLimit
)
for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxFetchSeriesAttempts; attempt++ {
// Find the set of store-gateway instances having the blocks. The exclude parameter is the
// map of blocks queried so far, with the list of store-gateway addresses for each block.
clients, err := q.stores.GetClientsFor(q.userID, remainingBlocks, attemptedBlocks)
if err != nil {
// If it's a retry and we get an error, it means there are no more store-gateways left
// from which running another attempt, so we're just stopping retrying.
if attempt > 1 {
level.Warn(spanLog).Log("msg", "unable to get store-gateway clients while retrying to fetch missing blocks", "err", err)
break
}
return storage.ErrSeriesSet(err)
}
level.Debug(spanLog).Log("msg", "found store-gateway instances to query", "num instances", len(clients), "attempt", attempt)
// Fetch series from stores. If an error occur we do not retry because retries
// are only meant to cover missing blocks.
seriesSets, queriedBlocks, warnings, numChunks, err := q.fetchSeriesFromStores(spanCtx, clients, minT, maxT, matchers, convertedMatchers, maxChunksLimit, leftChunksLimit)
if err != nil {
return storage.ErrSeriesSet(err)
}
level.Debug(spanLog).Log("msg", "received series from all store-gateways", "queried blocks", strings.Join(convertULIDsToString(queriedBlocks), " "))
resSeriesSets = append(resSeriesSets, seriesSets...)
resWarnings = append(resWarnings, warnings...)
resQueriedBlocks = append(resQueriedBlocks, queriedBlocks...)
// Given a single block is guaranteed to not be queried twice, we can safely decrease the number of
// chunks we can still read before hitting the limit (max == 0 means disabled).
if maxChunksLimit > 0 {
leftChunksLimit -= numChunks
}
// Update the map of blocks we attempted to query.
for client, blockIDs := range clients {
touchedStores[client.RemoteAddress()] = struct{}{}
for _, blockID := range blockIDs {
attemptedBlocks[blockID] = append(attemptedBlocks[blockID], client.RemoteAddress())
}
}
// Ensure all expected blocks have been queried (during all tries done so far).
missingBlocks := q.consistency.Check(knownMetas, knownDeletionMarks, resQueriedBlocks)
if len(missingBlocks) == 0 {
q.metrics.storesHit.Observe(float64(len(touchedStores)))
q.metrics.refetches.Observe(float64(attempt - 1))
return series.NewSeriesSetWithWarnings(
storage.NewMergeSeriesSet(resSeriesSets, storage.ChainedSeriesMerge),
resWarnings)
}
level.Debug(spanLog).Log("msg", "consistency check failed", "attempt", attempt, "missing blocks", strings.Join(convertULIDsToString(missingBlocks), " "))
// The next attempt should just query the missing blocks.
remainingBlocks = missingBlocks
}
// We've not been able to query all expected blocks after all retries.
err = fmt.Errorf("consistency check failed because some blocks were not queried: %s", strings.Join(convertULIDsToString(remainingBlocks), " "))
level.Warn(util.WithContext(spanCtx, spanLog)).Log("msg", "failed consistency check", "err", err)
return storage.ErrSeriesSet(err)
}
func (q *blocksStoreQuerier) fetchSeriesFromStores(
ctx context.Context,
clients map[BlocksStoreClient][]ulid.ULID,
minT int64,
maxT int64,
matchers []*labels.Matcher,
convertedMatchers []storepb.LabelMatcher,
maxChunksLimit int,
leftChunksLimit int,
) ([]storage.SeriesSet, []ulid.ULID, storage.Warnings, int, error) {
var (
reqCtx = grpc_metadata.AppendToOutgoingContext(ctx, cortex_tsdb.TenantIDExternalLabel, q.userID)
g, gCtx = errgroup.WithContext(reqCtx)
mtx = sync.Mutex{}
seriesSets = []storage.SeriesSet(nil)
warnings = storage.Warnings(nil)
queriedBlocks = []ulid.ULID(nil)
numChunks = atomic.NewInt32(0)
spanLog = spanlogger.FromContext(ctx)
)
// Concurrently fetch series from all clients.
for c, blockIDs := range clients {
// Change variables scope since it will be used in a goroutine.
c := c
blockIDs := blockIDs
g.Go(func() error {
req, err := createSeriesRequest(minT, maxT, convertedMatchers, blockIDs)
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create series request")
}
stream, err := c.Series(gCtx, req)
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to fetch series from %s", c)
}
mySeries := []*storepb.Series(nil)
myWarnings := storage.Warnings(nil)
myQueriedBlocks := []ulid.ULID(nil)
for {
// Ensure the context hasn't been canceled in the meanwhile (eg. an error occurred
// in another goroutine).
if gCtx.Err() != nil {
return gCtx.Err()
}
resp, err := stream.Recv()
if err == io.EOF {
break
}
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to receive series from %s", c)
}
// Response may either contain series, warning or hints.
if s := resp.GetSeries(); s != nil {
mySeries = append(mySeries, s)
// Ensure the max number of chunks limit hasn't been reached (max == 0 means disabled).
if maxChunksLimit > 0 {
actual := numChunks.Add(int32(len(s.Chunks)))
if actual > int32(leftChunksLimit) {
return fmt.Errorf(errMaxChunksPerQueryLimit, convertMatchersToString(matchers), maxChunksLimit)
}
}
}
if w := resp.GetWarning(); w != "" {
myWarnings = append(myWarnings, errors.New(w))
}
if h := resp.GetHints(); h != nil {
hints := hintspb.SeriesResponseHints{}
if err := types.UnmarshalAny(h, &hints); err != nil {
return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to unmarshal hints from %s", c)
}
ids, err := convertBlockHintsToULIDs(hints.QueriedBlocks)
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse queried block IDs from received hints")
}
myQueriedBlocks = append(myQueriedBlocks, ids...)
}
}
level.Debug(spanLog).Log("msg", "received series from store-gateway",
"instance", c,
"num series", len(mySeries),
"bytes series", countSeriesBytes(mySeries),
"requested blocks", strings.Join(convertULIDsToString(blockIDs), " "),
"queried blocks", strings.Join(convertULIDsToString(myQueriedBlocks), " "))
// Store the result.
mtx.Lock()
seriesSets = append(seriesSets, &blockQuerierSeriesSet{series: mySeries})
warnings = append(warnings, myWarnings...)
queriedBlocks = append(queriedBlocks, myQueriedBlocks...)
mtx.Unlock()
return nil
})
}
// Wait until all client requests complete.
if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
}
return seriesSets, queriedBlocks, warnings, int(numChunks.Load()), nil
}
func createSeriesRequest(minT, maxT int64, matchers []storepb.LabelMatcher, blockIDs []ulid.ULID) (*storepb.SeriesRequest, error) {
// Selectively query only specific blocks.
hints := &hintspb.SeriesRequestHints{
BlockMatchers: []storepb.LabelMatcher{
{
Type: storepb.LabelMatcher_RE,
Name: block.BlockIDLabel,
Value: strings.Join(convertULIDsToString(blockIDs), "|"),
},
},
}
anyHints, err := types.MarshalAny(hints)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to marshal request hints")
}
return &storepb.SeriesRequest{
MinTime: minT,
MaxTime: maxT,
Matchers: matchers,
PartialResponseStrategy: storepb.PartialResponseStrategy_ABORT,
Hints: anyHints,
}, nil
}
func convertULIDsToString(ids []ulid.ULID) []string {
res := make([]string, len(ids))
for idx, id := range ids {
res[idx] = id.String()
}
return res
}
func convertBlockHintsToULIDs(hints []hintspb.Block) ([]ulid.ULID, error) {
res := make([]ulid.ULID, len(hints))
for idx, hint := range hints {
blockID, err := ulid.Parse(hint.Id)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
res[idx] = blockID
}
return res, nil
}
func countSeriesBytes(series []*storepb.Series) (count uint64) {
for _, s := range series {
for _, c := range s.Chunks {
if c.Raw != nil {
count += uint64(len(c.Raw.Data))
}
}
}
return count
}
func convertMatchersToString(matchers []*labels.Matcher) string {
out := strings.Builder{}
out.WriteRune('{')
for idx, m := range matchers {
if idx > 0 {
out.WriteRune(',')
}
out.WriteString(m.String())
}
out.WriteRune('}')
return out.String()
}