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2018-07-06-learn-dva-part1.html
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<h1 id="dva-学习笔记"><a href="#dva-学习笔记" class="headerlink" title="dva 学习笔记"></a><code>dva</code> 学习笔记</h1><p><a href="https://github.com/LbhFront-end/learn-dva"><code>dva</code> 学习笔记 代码</a></p>
<h2 id="安装-dva-cli"><a href="#安装-dva-cli" class="headerlink" title="安装 dva-cli"></a>安装 <code>dva-cli</code></h2><blockquote>
<p>npm install dva-cli -g</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="创建新应用"><a href="#创建新应用" class="headerlink" title="创建新应用"></a>创建新应用</h2><blockquote>
<p>dva new dva-quickstart</p>
</blockquote>
<p>这会创建 <code>dva-quickstart</code> 目录，包含项目初始化目录和文件，并提供开发服务器，构建脚本，数据 <code>mock</code> 服务，代理服务器等功能</p>
<p>然后我们 <code>cd</code> 进入 <code>dva-quickstart</code> 目录，并启动开发服务器：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>cd dva-quickstart<br>npm start</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="使用-antd"><a href="#使用-antd" class="headerlink" title="使用 antd"></a>使用 <code>antd</code></h2><p>通过 <code>npm</code> 安装 <code>antd</code> 和 <code>babel-plugin-import</code> 。<code>babel-plugin-import</code> 是用来按需加载 <code>antd</code> 的脚本和样式的</p>
<blockquote>
<p>npm install antd babel-plugin-import –save</p>
</blockquote>
<p>编辑 <code>.webpackrc</code>，使 <code>babel-plugin-import</code> 插件生效。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line">+ <span class="string">"extraBabelPlugins"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line">+ [<span class="string">"import"</span>, { <span class="string">"libraryName"</span>: <span class="string">"antd"</span>, <span class="string">"libraryDirectory"</span>: <span class="string">"es"</span>, <span class="string">"style"</span>: <span class="string">"css"</span> }]</span><br><span class="line">+ ]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="定义路由"><a href="#定义路由" class="headerlink" title="定义路由"></a>定义路由</h2><p>们要写个应用来先显示产品列表。首先第一步是创建路由，路由可以想象成是组成应用的不同页面。</p>
<p>新建 <code>route component routes</code> / <code>Products.js</code> 添加路由信息到路由表，编辑 <code>router.js</code></p>
<p><code>Products.js</code></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import React from 'react';</span><br><span class="line">const Products = (props) => <h2>List of Products</h2></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>export default Products;</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">`router.js`</span><br><span class="line">import React from 'react';</span><br><span class="line">import { Router, Route, Switch } from 'dva/router';</span><br><span class="line">import IndexPage from './routes/IndexPage';</span><br><span class="line">import Products from './routes/Products';</span><br><span class="line">function RouterConfig({ history }) {</span><br><span class="line"> return (</span><br><span class="line"> <Router history={history}></span><br><span class="line"> <Switch></span><br><span class="line"> <Route path="/" exact component={IndexPage} /></span><br><span class="line"> <Route path="/products" exact component={Products} /></span><br><span class="line"> </Switch></span><br><span class="line"> </Router></span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">export default RouterConfig;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="编写-UI-Component"><a href="#编写-UI-Component" class="headerlink" title="编写 UI Component"></a>编写 <code>UI Component</code></h2><p>随着应用的发展，你会需要在多个页面分享 <code>UI</code> 元素 (或在一个页面使用多次)，在 <code>dva</code> 里你可以把这部分抽成 <code>component</code> 。</p>
<p>我们来编写一个 <code>ProductList component</code>，这样就能在不同的地方显示产品列表了。</p>
<p>新建 <code>components/ProductList.js</code> 文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import React from 'react';</span><br><span class="line">import PropTypes from 'prop-types';</span><br><span class="line">import { Table, Popconfirm, Button } from 'antd';</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">const ProductList = ({ onDelete, products }) => {</span><br><span class="line"> const columns = [{</span><br><span class="line"> title: 'Name',</span><br><span class="line"> dataIndex: 'name',</span><br><span class="line"> }, {</span><br><span class="line"> title: 'Actions',</span><br><span class="line"> render: (text, record) => {</span><br><span class="line"> return (</span><br><span class="line"> <Popconfirm title="Delete?" onConfirm={() => onDelete(record.id)}></span><br><span class="line"> <Button>Delete</Button></span><br><span class="line"> </Popconfirm></span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> }];</span><br><span class="line"> return (</span><br><span class="line"> <Table</span><br><span class="line"> dataSource={products}</span><br><span class="line"> columns={columns}</span><br><span class="line"> /></span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ProductList.propTypes = {</span><br><span class="line"> onDelete: PropTypes.func.isRequired,</span><br><span class="line"> products: PropTypes.array.isRequired,</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">export default ProductList;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="定义-Model"><a href="#定义-Model" class="headerlink" title="定义 Model"></a>定义 <code>Model</code></h2><p>完成 <code>UI</code> 后，现在开始处理数据和逻辑。</p>
<p><code>dva</code> 通过 <code>model</code> 的概念把一个领域的模型管理起来，包含同步更新 <code>state</code> 的 <code>reducers</code>，处理异步逻辑的 <code>effects</code>，订阅数据源的 <code>subscriptions</code> 。</p>
<p>新建 <code>model models</code>/<code>products.js</code> ：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">export default {</span><br><span class="line"> namespace: 'products',</span><br><span class="line"> state: [],</span><br><span class="line"> reducers: {</span><br><span class="line"> 'delete'(state, { payload: id }) {</span><br><span class="line"> return state.filter(item => item.id !== id);</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个 <code>model</code> 里：</p>
<p><code>namespace</code> 表示在全局 <code>state</code> 上的 <code>key</code><br><code>state</code> 是初始值，在这里是空数组<br><code>reducers</code> 等同于 <code>redux</code> 里的 <code>reducer</code> 接收 <code>action</code>，同步更新 <code>state</code><br>然后别忘记在 <code>index.js</code> 里载入他：</p>
<h2 id="connect-起来"><a href="#connect-起来" class="headerlink" title="connect 起来"></a><code>connect</code> 起来</h2><p>这里，我们已经单独完成了 <code>model</code> 和 <code>component</code>，那么他们如何串联起来呢?</p>
<p><code>dva</code> 提供了 <code>connect</code> 方法。如果你熟悉 <code>redux</code>，这个 <code>connect</code> 就是 <code>react-redux</code> 的 <code>connect</code> 。</p>
<p>编辑 <code>routes</code>/<code>Products.js</code>，替换为以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import React from 'react';</span><br><span class="line">import { connect } from 'dva';</span><br><span class="line">import ProductList from '../components/ProductList';</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">const Products = ({ dispatch, products }) => {</span><br><span class="line"> function handleDelete(id) {</span><br><span class="line"> dispatch({</span><br><span class="line"> type: 'products/delete',</span><br><span class="line"> payload: id,</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> return (</span><br><span class="line"> <div></span><br><span class="line"> <h2>List of Products</h2></span><br><span class="line"> <ProductList onDelete={handleDelete} products={products} /></span><br><span class="line"> </div></span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// export default Products;</span><br><span class="line">export default connect(({ products }) => ({</span><br><span class="line"> products,</span><br><span class="line">}))(Products);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>最后，我们还需要一些初始数据让这个应用 <code>run</code> 起来。编辑 <code>index.js</code>：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">- const app = dva();</span><br><span class="line">+ const app = dva({</span><br><span class="line">+ initialState: {</span><br><span class="line">+ products: [</span><br><span class="line">+ { name: 'dva', id: 1 },</span><br><span class="line">+ { name: 'antd', id: 2 },</span><br><span class="line">+ ],</span><br><span class="line">+ },</span><br><span class="line">+ });</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Dva-概念"><a href="#Dva-概念" class="headerlink" title="Dva 概念"></a><code>Dva</code> 概念</h2><p>数据的改变发生通常是通过用户交互行为或者浏览器行为（如路由跳转等）触发的，当此类行为会改变数据的时候可以通过 <code>dispath</code> 发起一个 <code>action</code> ，如果是同步行为就会直接通过 <code>Reducers</code> 改变 <code>state</code> ,如果是异步行为（副作用）会先触发 <code>Effects</code> 然后流向 <code>Reducers</code> 最终改变 <code>State</code> ，所以在 <code>dva</code> 中，数据流向非常清晰简明，并且思路基本跟开源社区保持一致 </p>
<h2 id="Models"><a href="#Models" class="headerlink" title="Models"></a><code>Models</code></h2><h3 id="State"><a href="#State" class="headerlink" title="State"></a><code>State</code></h3><blockquote>
<p>type State = any</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>State</code> 表示 <code>Model</code> 的状态数据，通常表现为一个 <code>javascript</code> 对象（可以为任何值），操作的时候每次都要当作不可变数据来对待，保证每次都是全新对象，没有引用关系，这样才能保证 <code>State</code> 的独立性，便于测试和追踪变化</p>
<p>在 <code>dva</code> 中可以通过 <code>dva</code> 的实例属性 <code>_store</code> 看到顶部的 <code>state</code> 数据，但是通常会很少用到</p>
<blockquote>
<p>const app = dva();<br>console.log(app._store); // 顶部的 state 数据</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="Action"><a href="#Action" class="headerlink" title="Action"></a><code>Action</code></h3><blockquote>
<p>type AsyncAction = any</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>Action</code> 是一个普通 <code>javascript</code> 对象，它是改变 <code>State</code> 的唯一途径。无论是从 <code>UI</code> 事件、网络回调还是 <code>WebSocket</code> 等数据源获得的数据，最终都会通过 <code>dispatch</code> 函数调用一个 <code>action</code>,从而改变对应的数据。 <code>action</code> 必须带有 <code>type</code> 属性指明具体的行为，其他字段可以自定义，如果要发起一个 <code>action</code> 需要使用 <code>dispatch</code> 函数，需要注意的是 <code>dispatch</code> 是在组件 <code>connect Models</code> 后，通过 <code>props</code> 传入的</p>
<blockquote>
<p>dispatch({ type : ‘add’ })</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="dispatch-函数"><a href="#dispatch-函数" class="headerlink" title="dispatch 函数"></a><code>dispatch</code> 函数</h3><blockquote>
<p>type dispatch = (a : Action) => Action</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>dispatching function</code> 是一个用于触发 <code>action</code> 的函数， <code>action</code> 是改变 <code>State</code> 的唯一途径，但是它只描述了一个行为，而 <code>dispatch</code> 可以看做是触发这个行为的方式，而 <code>Reducer</code> 则是描述如何改变数据的</p>
<p>在 <code>dva</code> 中。 <code>connect Models</code> 的组件通过 <code>props</code> 可以访问到 <code>dispatch</code> ，可以调用 <code>Model</code> 中的 <code>Reducer</code> 或者 <code>Effect</code> ，常见的形式如下</p>
<blockquote>
<p>dispatch({ type : ‘user/add’, payload : {} //需要传递的信息 }) //如果在 <code>model</code> 外调用，需要添加 <code>namespace</code></p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="Reducer"><a href="#Reducer" class="headerlink" title="Reducer"></a><code>Reducer</code></h3><blockquote>
<p>type Reducer<S, A> = (state: S, action: A) => S</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>Reducer</code> 也称为 <code>reducing function</code> 函数接受两个参数：之前已经积累运算的结果和当前要被积累的值，返回的是一个新的积累的结果。该函数把一个集合归并成一个单值。</p>
<p><code>Reducer</code> 的概念来自是函数式编程，很多语言中都有 <code>reduce API</code></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[{x:1},{y:2},{z:3}].reduce(function(prev, next){</span><br><span class="line"> return Object.assign(prev, next);</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//return {x:1, y:2, z:3}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在 <code>dva</code> 中， <code>reducers</code> 聚合积累的结果时间当前 <code>model</code> 的 <code>state</code> 对象。通过 <code>actions</code> 中传入的值，与当前 <code>reducers</code> 中的值进行运算获得新的值（也就是新的 <code>state</code>）。需要注意的是 <code>Reducer</code> 必须是纯函数，所以同样输入必然得到同样的输出，它们不应该产生任何副作用。并且， 每一次计算都应该使用 <code>immutable date</code>,这种特征简单理解就是每次操作都是返回一个全新的数据（独立、纯净），所以热重载和时间旅行这些功能才能够使用</p>
<h3 id="Effect"><a href="#Effect" class="headerlink" title="Effect"></a><code>Effect</code></h3><p><code>Effect</code> 被称为副作用，在我们的应用中，最常见的就是异步操作，它来自于函数编程的概念，之所以叫副作用的原因是它使得我们的函数变得不纯，同样的输入不一定是同样的输出</p>
<p><code>dva</code> 为了控制副作用的操作，底层引入了 <code>redux-sagas</code> 做异步流程控制，由于采用了 <code>generator</code> 的相关概念，所以将异步转成同步写法，从而将 <code>effect</code> 转为了纯函数。</p>
<h3 id="Subscirption"><a href="#Subscirption" class="headerlink" title="Subscirption"></a><code>Subscirption</code></h3><p><code>Subscription</code> 是一种从源获取数据的方法，它来自于 <code>elm</code></p>
<p><code>Subscription</code> 语义是订阅，用于订阅一个数据源，然后根据条件 <code>dispatch</code> 需要的 <code>action</code> 。数据源可以当前的世界，服务器的 <code>websocket</code> 连接， <code>keyboard</code> 输入，<code>geolocation</code> 变化，<code>history</code> 路由变化等等</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import key from 'keymaster';</span><br><span class="line">app.model({</span><br><span class="line"> namespace:'count',</span><br><span class="line"> subscriptions:{</span><br><span class="line"> keyEvent({dispatch}){</span><br><span class="line"> key('⌘+up, ctrl+up', () => { dispatch({type:'add'}) })</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Router"><a href="#Router" class="headerlink" title="Router"></a>Router</h2><p>这里的路由是指前端路由，由于我们的应用通常是单页应用，所以需要前端代码来控制路由逻辑，通过浏览器提供的 <code>History Api</code> 可以监听到浏览器 <code>url</code> 的变化，从而控制路由相关操作</p>
<p><code>dva</code> 实例提供了 <code>router</code> 方法来控制路由，使用的是 <code>react-router</code> </p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import { Router, Route } from 'dva/router';</span><br><span class="line">app.router( ({history}) =></span><br><span class="line"> <Router history = {history}></span><br><span class="line"> <Route path="/" componet = {HomePage}></span><br><span class="line"> </Router></span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Router-Components"><a href="#Router-Components" class="headerlink" title="Router Components"></a><code>Router Components</code></h3><p><code>Container Components</code> 在 <code>dva</code> 中我们通常将其约束为 <code>Route Component</code> ,因为在 <code>dva</code> 中是以也页面维度来设计 <code>Components</code></p>
<p><code>dva</code> 中，通常需要 <code>connect Model</code> 的组件都是 <code>Route Components</code>,组织在 <code>/routers/</code> 目录下，而 <code>/compoents/</code> 目录下的则是纯组件</p>
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