sudo apt-get install libqt4-sql-mysql 比起在Windows下安装和配置Qt的MySQL驱动来说，简直太方便了。如果还需要其它的没有默认安装的Qt库，可以在命令行输入 sudo apt-get install libqt4- 然后按tab键自动补全，就会列出所有以libqt4- 开头的软件包，如下图所示： liguo@lili:~$ sudo apt-get install libqt4- libqt4-assistant libqt4-ruby1.8 libqt4-core libqt4-script libqt4-dbg libqt4-scripttools libqt4-dbus libqt4-sql libqt4-declarative libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-declarative-folderlistmodel libqt4-sql-odbc libqt4-declarative-gestures libqt4-sql-psql libqt4-declarative-particles libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-designer libqt4-sql-sqlite2 libqt4-dev libqt4-sql-tds libqt4-gui libqt4-svg libqt4-help libqt4-test libqt4-network libqt4-webkit libqt4-opengl libqt4-webkit-dbg libqt4-opengl-dev libqt4-xml libqt4-qt3support libqt4-xmlpatterns libqt4-ruby libqt4-xmlpatterns-dbg liguo@lili:~$ sudo apt-get install libqt4-
这些都可以使用一个命令搞定，而不需要自己从源码开始编译。在记不准或不知道名字的情况下，使用tab键列出所有可选的软件包是一个很实用的小技巧。
apt-cache search editor //可把相关功能的软件查到，例如
size:smallyudit-common - Unicode text editor (arch-independent files) yudit-doc - Unicode text editor (Documentation) zile - very small Emacs-subset editor zim - graphical text editor based on wiki technologies avidemux - a free video editor - GTK version avidemux-cli - a free video editor - command line version avidemux-common - a free video editor - Internationalization files avidemux-plugins-cli - a free video editor - CLI plugins avidemux-plugins-common - a free video editor - common files for plugins avidemux-plugins-gtk - a free video editor - GTK plugins avidemux-plugins-qt - a free video editor - Qt plugins avidemux-qt - a free video editor - QT version axe - An editor for X bombono-dvd - DVD authoring program with nice and clean GUI bombono-dvd-data - Data files for bombono-dvd clustalw - global multiple nucleotide or peptide sequence alignment clustalw-mpi - MPI-distributed global sequence alignment with ClustalW doc-rfc-misc - Miscellaneous RFCs docbookwiki - a Web application to display and edit DocBook documents online eagle - Printed circuit board design tool eagle-data - Data files for Eagle exult-studio - tools for editing and viewing exult games ibus-mozc - Mozc engine for IBus - Client of the Mozc input method kic - Enhanced KIC layout editor kid3 - KDE MP3 ID3 tag editor kid3-qt - Audio tag editor mgltools-networkeditor - Python GUI library for the editing of networks mozc-server - Server of the Mozc input method mozc-utils-gui - GUI uitilities of the Mozc input method sauerbraten - 3D first-person game engine sauerbraten-data - Game content for the Sauerbraten game sauerbraten-dbg - Debug symbols for the Sauerbraten game engine sauerbraten-server - Standalone server for the Sauerbraten game scim-mozc - Mozc engine for SCIM - Client of the Mozc input method sisu-markup-samples - document markup examples for sisu, publish and search framework spectrum-roms - ZX Spectrum ROMs uim-mozc - Mozc engine for uim - Client of the Mozc input method xml2rfc - XML-based formatting tool for RFCs emacs - The GNU Emacs editor (metapackage) emacs23 - The GNU Emacs editor (with GTK+ user interface) emacs23-bin-common - The GNU Emacs editor’s shared, architecture dependent files emacs23-common - The GNU Emacs editor’s shared, architecture independent infrastructure emacs23-el - GNU Emacs LISP (.el) files emacs23-nox - The GNU Emacs editor (without X support) gimp - The GNU Image Manipulation Program gparted - GNOME partition editor libktexteditor4 - the KTextEditor interfaces for the KDE Platform openoffice.org-math - office productivity suite – equation editor pitivi - non-linear audio/video editor using GStreamer eclipse-cdt - C/C++ Development Tools for Eclipse eclipse-jdt - Eclipse Java Development Tools (JDT) emacs23-lucid - The GNU Emacs editor evolution-plugins-experimental - experimental plugins for Evolution josm-plugins - Plugins for JOSM juffed - Lightweight Qt 4 text editor kicad - Electronic schematic and PCB design software monkeystudio - Qt 4 Integrated Development Enviroment (IDE) monkeystudio-common - Qt 4 Integrated Development Enviroment (IDE) - common files monkeystudio-dbg - Qt 4 Integrated Development Enviroment (IDE) - debug symbols openoffice.org - office productivity suite openoffice.org-report-builder - OpenOffice.org extension for building database reports pgdesigner - Graphical database designer for PostgreSQL pype - Python programmers editor seamonkey - The Seamonkey Internet Suite seamonkey-browser - Seamonkey Navigator (Internet browser) and Composer tuxguitar - Multitrack guitar tablature editor and player (gp3 to gp5) link:internalmeego</link:internal></size:small>size:small-sdk-qtcreator - lightweight integrated development environment (IDE) for Qt</size:small>
<highlight>apt-get install * –fix-missing
apt-cache showpkg vim //查看安装软件信息 apt-get –purge remove packagename——卸载一个已安装的软件包（删除配置文件） dpkg –force-all –purge packagename 有些软件很难卸载，而且还阻止了别的软件的应用，就可以用这个，不过有点冒险</highlight>
。 apt-get autoclean apt会把已装或已卸的软件都备份在硬盘上，所以如果需要空间的话，可以让这个命令来删除你已经删掉的软件 apt-get clean 这个命令会把安装的软件的备份也删除，不过这样不会影响软件的使用的。 apt-get upgrade——更新所有已安装的软件包 apt-get dist-upgrade——将系统升级到新版本 apt-cache search string——在软件包列表中搜索字符串 dpkg -l package-name-pattern——列出所有与模式相匹配的软件包。如果您不知道软件包的全名，您可以使用“*package-name-pattern*”。 aptitude——详细查看已安装或可用的软件包。与apt-get类似，aptitude可以通过命令行方式调用，但仅限于某些命令——最常见的有安装和卸载命令。由于aptitude比apt-get了解更多信息，可以说它更适合用来进行安装和卸载。 apt-cache showpkg pkgs——显示软件包信息。 apt-cache dumpavail——打印可用软件包列表。 apt-cache show pkgs——显示软件包记录，类似于dpkg –print-avail。 apt-cache pkgnames——打印软件包列表中所有软件包的名称。 dpkg -S file——这个文件属于哪个已安装软件包。 dpkg -L package——列出软件包中的所有文件。 apt-get -f install ——修复依赖关系 apt-file search filename——查找包含特定文件的软件包（不一定是已安装的）， 试使用apt-file search filename | grep -w filename（只显示指定字符串作为完整的单词出现在其中的那些文件名）或者类似方法，例如：apt-file search filename | grep link:url/bin/（只显示位于诸如/bin或/usr/bin这些文件夹中的文件，如果您要查找的是某个特定的执行文件的话，这样做是有帮助的</link:url>）。
sudo apt-get update, sudo apt-get upgrade, sudo apt-cache search terminator</note-content></text> apt-cache depends [pkgname] apt-rdepends [pkgname] 递归
apt-get source firefox //取得源代码 apt-get build-dep firefox //安装依赖包
source source causes apt-get to fetch source packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the newest available version of that source package while respect the default release, set with the option APT::Default-Release, the -t option or per package with the pkg/release syntax, if possible.
build-dep build-dep causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package.
o dpkg-query -l —list all file installed in system rmp -qa —list all file installed in system
问题描述： 使用apt-get安装程序时，报告已安装依赖库的版本高于安装包所需的依赖库指定版本。 相关信息如下： Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#apt-get install qt4-dev-tools Reading package lists… Building dependency tree… Reading state information… Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies: qt4-dev-tools: Depends: libqt4-dbus (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed Depends: libqt4-help (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed Depends: libqt4-network (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed Depends: libqt4-xml (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed Depends: libqt4-xmlpatterns (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed Depends: libqtgui4 (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed Depends: libqt4-sql-sqlite but it is not going to be installed Recommends: libqt4-dev but it is not going to be installed Recommends: qt4-designer but it is not going to be installed E: Broken packages Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#
解决方案： 1，先使用apt-cache showpkg命令来确认有libqt4-xx(使用其中的一个库来查找，这里使用libqt4-dbus)的较低版本： Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#apt-cache showpkg libqt4-dbus Package: libqt4-dbus Versions: 4.5.1-2 (/var/lib/dpkg/status) Description Language: File: /var/lib/dpkg/status MD5: d4138bc6e2864e684d9cd85db1fb1bb8 4.4.3-1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/192.168.2.60_debian-rebuild_dists_lenny_main_binary-mipsel_Packages) Description Language: File: /var/lib/apt/lists/192.168.2.60_debian-rebuild_dists_lenny_main_binary-mipsel_Packages MD5: d4138bc6e2864e684d9cd85db1fb1bb8
Reverse Depends: libqt4-script,libqt4-dbus 4.5.1-2 libqt4-ruby1.8,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 libsmokeqt4-1,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 libqt4-dev,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1 libqt4-script,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1 qt4-demos,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1 qt4-dev-tools,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1 libqt4-core,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1 libakonadiprivate1,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 akonadi-server,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 systemsettings,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 libstrigiqtdbusclient0,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 libsoprano4,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 marble,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 mumble,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 mumble-server,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 libphonon4,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 ktorrent,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 kdelibs-bin,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 kdelibs5,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 kdepimlibs5,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 khelpcenter4,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 phonon-backend-xine,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 kdebase-runtime,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3 Dependencies: 4.5.1-2 - libc6 (2 2.7-1) libgcc1 (2 1:4.1.1) libqt4-xml (5 4.5.1-2) libqtcore4 (5 4.5.1-2) libstdc++6 (2 4.1.1) libqt4-core (3 4.4.0~beta1-1) 4.4.3-1 - libc6 (2 2.7-1) libgcc1 (2 1:4.1.1) libqt4-xml (5 4.4.3-1) libqtcore4 (5 4.4.3-1) libstdc++6 (2 4.1.1) libqt4-core (3 4.4.0~beta1-1) Provides: 4.5.1-2 - 4.4.3-1 - Reverse Provides: Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote# 从上面的信息中查看”Provides”的信息就可以确认有较低版本的libqt4-xx(4.4.3-1)，我们就可以将高版本的libqt4-xx库恢复到较低版本了，即从4.5.1-2到4.4.3-1。下面我们就可以通过aptitude install命令来将高版本的恢复到所需的低版本的libqt4-xx库了。
2，恢复安装4.4.3-1版本的libqt4-xx库 Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#aptitude install libqt4-dbus=4.4.3-1 Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree Reading state information… Done Reading extended state information Initializing package states… Done Writing extended state information… Done Reading task descriptions… Done The following packages are BROKEN: libqt4-dbus libqt4-script 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. Need to get 230kB of archives. After unpacking 36.9kB will be freed. The following packages have unmet dependencies: libqt4-dbus: Depends: libqt4-xml (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is installed. Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is installed. libqt4-script: Depends: libqt4-dbus (= 4.5.1-2) but 4.4.3-1 is to be installed. The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages: cloudy colockout lemote-cocreate-desktop libqt4-gui rdesktoploongson recorder-loongso sysinfoloongson
Downgrade the following packages: libqt4-assistant [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-designer [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-help [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-network [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-opengl [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-qt3support [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-script [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-sql [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-sql-mysql [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-svg [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-test [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-webkit [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-xml [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqt4-xmlpatterns [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqtcore4 [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] libqtgui4 [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)] smplayer [0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 (now) -> 0.6.1-1 (stable)] smplayer-translations [0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 (now) -> 0.6.1-1 (stable)]
Score is 63
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y The following packages will be DOWNGRADED: libqt4-assistant libqt4-dbus libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-qt3support libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-svg libqt4-test libqt4-webkit libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtgui4 smplayer smplayer-translations The following packages will be REMOVED: cloudy{a} colockout{a} lemote-cocreate-desktop{a} libphonon4{u} libqt4-gui{a} libqt4-opengl{u} phonon{u} phonon-backend-gstreamer{u} rdesktop{u} rdesktoploongson{a} recorder-loongson{a} sysinfoloongson{a} The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed: qt4-qtconfig 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 18 downgraded, 12 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 17.3MB of archives. After unpacking 27.4MB will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Writing extended state information… Done Get:1 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-xmlpatterns 4.4.3-1 [760kB] Get:2 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-test 4.4.3-1 [60.2kB] Get:3 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-qt3support 4.4.3-1 [1328kB] Get:4 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-designer 4.4.3-1 [1959kB] Get:5 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-script 4.4.3-1 [425kB] Get:6 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1 [230kB] Get:7 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-sql-mysql 4.4.3-1 [57.8kB] Get:8 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-help 4.4.3-1 [237kB] Get:9 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-sql 4.4.3-1 [130kB] Get:10 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-webkit 4.4.3-1 [3144kB] Get:11 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main smplayer 0.6.1-1 [835kB] Get:12 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main smplayer-translations 0.6.1-1 [1037kB] Get:13 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-svg 4.4.3-1 [183kB] Get:14 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqtgui4 4.4.3-1 [4290kB] Get:15 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-xml 4.4.3-1 [136kB] Get:16 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-assistant 4.4.3-1 [41.8kB] Get:17 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-network 4.4.3-1 [440kB] Get:18 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqtcore4 4.4.3-1 [2048kB] Fetched 17.3MB in 1min41s (172kB/s) (Reading database … 73022 files and directories currently installed.) Removing cloudy … dpkg - warning: while removing cloudy, directory `/usr/local’ not empty so not removed. Removing colockout … Removing lemote-cocreate-desktop … dpkg - warning: while removing lemote-cocreate-desktop, directory `/usr/share/desktop-cocreate/resource/mainpage’ not empty so not removed dpkg - warning: while removing lemote-cocreate-desktop, directory `/usr/share/desktop-cocreate/resource’ not empty so not removed. dpkg - warning: while removing lemote-cocreate-desktop, directory `/usr/share/desktop-cocreate’ not empty so not removed. Removing libqt4-gui … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-xmlpatterns from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. (Reading database … 72800 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace libqt4-xmlpatterns 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-xmlpatterns_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-xmlpatterns … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-test from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-test 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-test_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-test … (Reading database … 72799 files and directories currently installed.) Removing rdesktoploongson … Removing recorder-loongson … Removing sysinfoloongson … Processing triggers for man-db … Processing triggers for menu … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-qt3support from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Reading database … 72761 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace libqt4-qt3support 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-qt3support_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-qt3support … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-designer from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-designer 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-designer_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-designer … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-script from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-script 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-script_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-script … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-dbus from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-dbus 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-dbus_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-dbus … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-sql-mysql from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-sql-mysql 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-sql-mysql_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-sql-mysql … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-help from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-help 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-help_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-help … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-sql from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-sql 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-sql_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-sql … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-webkit from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-webkit 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-webkit_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-webkit … (Reading database … 72760 files and directories currently installed.) Removing phonon … Removing phonon-backend-gstreamer … Removing libqt4-opengl … dpkg - warning: downgrading smplayer from 0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 to 0.6.1-1. (Reading database … 72736 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace smplayer 0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 (using …/smplayer_0.6.1-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement smplayer … dpkg - warning: downgrading smplayer-translations from 0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 to 0.6.1-1. Preparing to replace smplayer-translations 0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 (using …/smplayer-translations_0.6.1-1_all.deb) … Unpacking replacement smplayer-translations … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-svg from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-svg 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-svg_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-svg … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqtgui4 from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqtgui4 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqtgui4_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqtgui4 … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-xml from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-xml 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-xml_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-xml … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-assistant from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-assistant 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-assistant_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-assistant … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-network from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqt4-network 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqt4-network_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqt4-network … dpkg - warning: downgrading libqtcore4 from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1. Preparing to replace libqtcore4 4.5.1-2 (using …/libqtcore4_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) … Unpacking replacement libqtcore4 … Processing triggers for man-db … Processing triggers for menu … (Reading database … 72699 files and directories currently installed.) Removing libphonon4 … Removing rdesktop .. Processing triggers for man-db … Setting up libqtcore4 (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-network (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-xmlpatterns (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-test (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-xml (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-dbus (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-script (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqtgui4 (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-designer (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-sql (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-qt3support (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-sql-mysql (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-help (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-webkit (4.4.3-1) … Setting up smplayer-translations (0.6.1-1) … Setting up smplayer (0.6.1-1) … Setting up libqt4-svg (4.4.3-1) … Setting up libqt4-assistant (4.4.3-1) … Processing triggers for menu … Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree Reading state information… Done Reading extended state information Initializing package states… Done Writing extended state information… Done Reading task descriptions… Done
Current status: 1 update [-2], 17475 new [-2]. Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#
3，现在就可以安装qt4-dev-tool等工具包了。 Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote# apt-get install qt4-dev-tools qt4-doc qt4-qtconfig qt4-demos qt4-designer Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree Reading state information… Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: x11proto-input-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libpthread-stubs0 Use ‘apt-get autoremove’ to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: libpthread-stubs0 libpthread-stubs0-dev libqt4-dev libqt4-opengl libqt4-sql-sqlite qt4-qmake x11proto-input-dev Suggested packages: libmysqlclient15-dev libsqlite0-dev libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev libiodbc2-dev firebird2.0-dev Recommended packages: libqt4-opengl-dev The following NEW packages will be installed: libpthread-stubs0 libpthread-stubs0-dev libqt4-dev libqt4-opengl libqt4-sql-sqlite qt4-demos qt4-designer qt4-dev-tools qt4-doc qt4-qmake qt4-qtconfig x11proto-input-dev 0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 71.7MB of archives. After this operation, 138MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main x11proto-input-dev 1.4.3-2 [16.0kB] Get:2 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libpthread-stubs0 0.1-2 [2782B] Get:3 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libpthread-stubs0-dev 0.1-2 [3060B] Get:4 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main qt4-qmake 4.4.3-1 [1586kB] Get:5 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-dev 4.4.3-1 [4449kB] … …
此问题是基于源里面有低版本的pkg，如果没有就要自己找来添加。
本来linux自带的安装软件方法apt-get是个很好的工具，它自动帮你下载你的linux系统适用的版本的软件，但是在网络不好的情况下用它却是一场噩梦。尤其是在公司装东西，那叫一个痛苦。因为公司对网络的管控，又要设代理，又容易断，经常下几百兆的东西，下到一百兆的东西就断了，简直无语。因为linux装一个软件可能要依赖n个软件，所以要装好这个软件前，先要装好前n个软件，前n个软件又可能有依赖关系，不过这个apt-get已经为你想好，但是一旦网络不好，那就完了。无奈之下我只有研究下apt-get的工作原理。
- 设置代理下载
. apt-get设置代理proxy方法 方法一： 这是一种临时的手段，如果您仅仅是暂时需要通过http代理使用apt-get，您可以使用这种方式。 在使用apt-get之前，在终端中输入以下命令（根据您的实际情况替换yourproxyaddress和proxyport）。 export http_proxy=http://yourproxyaddressroxyport 据说取消代理使用 export http_proxy=”” 即可。
方法二： 这种方法要用到/etc/apt/文件夹下的apt.conf文件。如果您希望apt-get（而不是其他应用程序）一直使用http代理，您可以使用这种方式。 注意：某些情况下，系统安装过程中没有建立apt配置文件。下面的操作将视情况修改现有的配置文件或者新建配置文件。 sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf在您的apt.conf文件中加入下面这行（根据你的实际情况替换yourproxyaddress和proxyport）。 Acquire::http::Proxy “http://yourproxyaddress:proxyport”;保存apt.conf文件。
方法三： 这种方法会在您的主目录下的.bashrc文件中添加两行。如果您希望apt-get和其他应用程序如wget等都使用http代理，您可以使用这种方式。 gedit ~/.bashrc在您的.bashrc文件末尾添加如下内容（根据你的实际情况替换yourproxyaddress和proxyport）。 http_proxy=http://yourproxyaddressroxyport export http_proxy保存文件。关闭当前终端，然後打开另一个终端。 使用apt-get update或者任何您想用的网络工具测试代理。我使用firestarter查看活动的网络连接。
如果您为了纠正错误而再次修改了配置文件，记得关闭终端并重新打开，否自新的设置不会生效。
2.软件包备份与清理
备份快速设置已下载的部分软件包，以便重装系统再次使用，免去重新下载的时间: tar cizvf backup.tar.gz /var/cache/apt/archives –exclude=/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/* –exclude=/var/cache/apt/archives/lock–exclude=/var/cache/apt/archives/lock
清理: sudo apt-get clean rm -rf ~/.thumbnails/fail/gnome-thumbnail-factory/*
还原操作，设置好源列表后，导入已备份的软件包即可，操作方法： sudo apt-get update && sudo tar xzvf backup.tar.gz -C /
- apt-get的几个重要配置文件
源的配置： Add the following line to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/meego-sdk.list. deb http://repo.meego.com/MeeGo/sdk/host/repos/ubuntu/10.04 / 这个源指明了软件包所找的deb包的位置。
apt-get update,依赖网络，更新软件列表，保存在本地。 ls /var/lib/apt/list/repo.meego.com_MeeGo_sdk_host_repos_ubuntu_10.04_Packages （这个文件包含所有软件包的信息） cat /var/lib/apt/lists/repo.meego.com_MeeGo_sdk_host_repos_ubuntu_10.04_Packages ========================================= Package: qt-tools Version: 4.7.0 Architecture: i386 Maintainer: Fathi Boudra <fathi.boudra@nokia.com> Installed-Size: 5452 Filename: ./i386/qt-tools_4.7.0_i386.deb Size: 5509844 MD5sum: 1965411d7e354a9d25676ed68455a651 Section: devel Priority: optional Description: Qt tools for MADDE This package contains a collection of Qt tools used by MADDE:
- lrelease
- lupdate
- moc
- qmake
- rcc
- uic
- QtCore
- QtXml
Package: utfs-client Source: utfs Version: 1.959-1 Architecture: amd64 Maintainer: Fathi Boudra <fathi.boudra@nokia.com> Installed-Size: 68 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4), libfuse2 (>= 2.8.1), fuse-utils Filename: ./amd64/utfs-client_1.959-1_amd64.deb Size: 13358 MD5sum: bf1163db2c81a5ada2cee4aed0d3b005 Section: utils Priority: extra Description: User TCP FileSystem client User TCP File System is a FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) based networked file system. It consists of 2 parts: a network server daemon that is started on the (remote) host, and a FUSE module running in user-space on the local host. The server component is launched via SSH, and after the client and server have communicated and created a separate TCP connection for data transfer, the SSH link is shut down. . This package contains the UTFS client. ================================================================= 有了这张表就知道软件的位置和名字呢： eg http://repo.meego.com/MeeGo/sdk/host/repos/ubuntu/10.04/amd64/utfs-client_1.959-1_amd64.deb 如果网络有问题，用wget –continue http://repo.meego.com/MeeGo/sdk/host/repos/ubuntu/10.04/amd64/utfs-client_1.959-1_amd64.deb 下载。 下载完当然要放到apt-get的配置目录下： /var/cache/apt/archive 这样再运行apt-get install ***就可以了，其实就是把apt-get上网的功能省略掉了，手动搞定。 如果运行时又有依赖包要用的话，可以 用apt-get upgrade(install xxx)那请用重定向将错误信息重定向到文件里，直接回车亦可取得下载列表,就是sudo apt-get upgrade 2>list.txt 这样list.txt 如果运气不好一个包要依赖30个包左右的话就太麻烦了。那就写个脚本吧！！
总结下，到了这我还是喜欢windows啊，下个软件直接安，搞定。可是linux本来就是可定制的，所以安装的时候系统就是最小的，windows安的时候装了非常多的东西，所以linux安装软件也是每次只安依赖的东西。可定制性很强啊。
aptitude download pkgname apt-build source pkgname