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C++ with STL.html
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C++ with STL.html
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<!DOCTYPE html><html class="theme-next pisces use-motion" lang="zh-CN"><head><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 3.9.0"><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=2"><meta name="theme-color" content="#222"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/icons/favicon-48.png?v=6.7.0"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/icons/favicon-32.png?v=6.7.0"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/icons/favicon-16.png?v=6.7.0"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/icons/logo.svg?v=6.7.0" color="#222"><link rel="alternate" href="/atom.xml" title="菠菜眾長" type="application/atom+xml"><meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform"><meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp"><link href="/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><link 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itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="post-block"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://lruihao.cn/posts/C++ with STL.html"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="李瑞豪"><meta itemprop="description" content="从ACM到Web，分享程序、技巧、干货，记录心情、学习、成长！"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.png"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="菠菜眾長"></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">C++ with STL<a href="https://github.com/Lruihao/lruihao.github.io/tree/hexo/source/_posts/C++ with STL.md" class="post-edit-link" title="编辑" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></a></h2><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2018-06-14 20:22:06" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2018-06-14T20:22:06+08:00">2018-06-14</time> </span><span class="post-category"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-folder-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/ACM/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">ACM</span></a></span> ， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/ACM/STL/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">STL</span></a></span> </span><span class="post-comments-count"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">评论数： </span><a href="/posts/C++ with STL.html#comments" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="post-comments-count valine-comment-count" data-xid="/posts/C++ with STL.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span> </a></span><span id="/posts/C++ with STL.html" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="C++ with STL"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span title="阅读次数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span></span></span><div class="post-symbolscount"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-file-word-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span> <span title="本文字数">886</span> <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span title="阅读时长">2 分钟</span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h2 id="1-swap（交换两元素值，在algorithm下，用法：swap-a-b-）"><a href="#1-swap（交换两元素值，在algorithm下，用法：swap-a-b-）" class="headerlink" title="1.swap（交换两元素值，在algorithm下，用法：swap(a,b);）"></a>1.swap（交换两元素值，在algorithm下，用法：swap(a,b);）</h2><p>交换两元素的值在C语言课上作为指针讲解的典例。</p><p>int a=1,b=2;</p><p>swap(a,b);</p><p>//此时a=2,b=1</p><p>(可以是其他类型)</p><h2 id="2-sort"><a href="#2-sort" class="headerlink" title="2.sort(,,)"></a>2.sort(,,)</h2><p>sort排序是不稳定的，stl中的stable_sort才是稳定的</p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">inta[<span class="number">10</span>]={<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">6</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">8</span>,<span class="number">9</span>,<span class="number">7</span>};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">stable_sort(a,a+<span class="number">10</span>,greater<<span class="keyword">int</span>>());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">int</span> i=<span class="number">0</span>;i<<span class="number">10</span>;i++)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span><<a[i]<<<span class="string">" "</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="3-reverse（翻转序列，在algorithm下）"><a href="#3-reverse（翻转序列，在algorithm下）" class="headerlink" title="3.reverse（翻转序列，在algorithm下）"></a>3.reverse（翻转序列，在algorithm下）</h2><p>//常用在字符串上</p><p>int a[5]={1,2,3,4,5};</p><p>reverse(a,a+5);</p><p>//序列现在是 5 4 3 2 1</p><p>char s[]=”ericxie”;</p><p>reverse(s,s+strlen(s));</p><p>//序列现在是 “eixcire”</p><p>//同样适用于string</p><p>string s=”qwer”;</p><p>reverse(s.begin(),s.end());</p><h2 id="4-min，max（取大，取小）"><a href="#4-min，max（取大，取小）" class="headerlink" title="4.min，max（取大，取小）"></a>4.min，max（取大，取小）</h2><p>int a=1,b=2,c;</p><p>c=min(a,b);</p><p>//此时c等于1</p><p>c=max(a,b);</p><p>//此时c等于2</p><p>string s=”qwer”,d=”asjk”,c;</p><p>c=min(s,d);</p><p>//c=”asjk”</p><h2 id="5-gcd（最大公约数）"><a href="#5-gcd（最大公约数）" class="headerlink" title="5.__gcd（最大公约数）"></a>5.<code>__gcd</code>（最大公约数）</h2><p>手写gcd函数也行，辗转相除，辗转相减；<br></p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">gcd</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> a,<span class="keyword">int</span> b)</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> a%b ? b : gcd(b,a%b);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>//直接用<br></p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> a=<span class="number">4</span>,b=<span class="number">6</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> c=__gcd(a,b);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>//注意下划线，此时c等于2</p><h2 id="6-lower-bound和upper-bound（二分查找）"><a href="#6-lower-bound和upper-bound（二分查找）" class="headerlink" title="6.lower_bound和upper_bound（二分查找）"></a>6.lower_bound和upper_bound（二分查找）</h2><p>lower_bound意思就是：找到第一个位置，使得：如果在这个位置插入value后，原有序序列依旧有序。</p><p>upper_bound是找到最后一个符合数位置后一个位置，使得：如果在这个位置插入value后，原有序序列依旧有序。</p><p>//数组</p><p>int a[8]={1,2,4,4,9,12,12,15};</p><p>int pos1 = lower_bound(a,a+8,4)-a;</p><p>int pos2 = upper_bound(a,a+8,4)-a-1;</p><p>//在这个样例下pos1!=pos2;pos1=2;pos2=3;</p><p>根据我的理解lower_bound(a,a+8,value)</p><p>得到的是一个地址，拿这个地址减去数组首地址a[0]，那么刚好就是value应该放入的位置。</p><p>//vector</p><p><code>vector<int> a;</code></p><p>若a中目前的元素也是{1,2,4,4,9,12,12,15};</p><p>那么这里用lower_bound得到的应该也是一个类似于指针的东西，为什么不叫它指针呢？因为他有了一个名字，叫做迭代器。</p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>>::iterator it;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">it = lower_bound(a.begin(),a.end(),<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>//这里的it就是迭代器，那么* it就是该下标对应的value了。</p><p>//set集合</p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>> a;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>>::iterator it;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">it = a.lower_bound(value);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="7-next-permutation-（排列）"><a href="#7-next-permutation-（排列）" class="headerlink" title="7.next_permutation （排列）"></a>7.next_permutation （排列）</h2><p>bool next_permutation( iterator start, iterator end );通常用于生成序列的全排列。用之前先保证有序；<br></p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> a[]={<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">do</span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">int</span> i=<span class="number">0</span>;i<<span class="number">3</span>;i++)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span><<a[i]<<<span class="string">" "</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span><<<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> }<span class="keyword">while</span>(next_permutation(a,a+<span class="number">3</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>结果为：</p><p>1 2 3<br>1 3 2<br>2 1 3<br>2 3 1<br>3 1 2<br>3 2 1</p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> str=<span class="string">"STL"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sort(str.begin(), str.end());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">do</span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span> << str << <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}<span class="keyword">while</span> (next_permutation(str.begin(),str.end()))；</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>结果：</p><p>LST<br>LTS<br>SLT<br>STL<br>TLS<br>TSL</p><p>大数据c比c++效率高</p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> length;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">char</span> str[MAX]; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">gets(str); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">length = <span class="built_in">strlen</span>(str); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sort(str, str + length); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">do</span>{ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">puts</span>(str); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}<span class="keyword">while</span>(next_permutation(str, str+length))；</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="8-unique-（去重）"><a href="#8-unique-（去重）" class="headerlink" title="8.unique （去重）"></a>8.unique （去重）</h2><p>如何把序列 a 中的重复元素去除呢？首先需要对原序列 a 进行排序，保证有序后，调用unique(a.head , a.tail )就可以了。unique会返回一个类似指针的东西（和lower_bound有点像），-a后表示去重之后序列的长度。</p><p>下面是实例。<br></p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> a[]={<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">7</span>,<span class="number">9</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">1</span>};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sort(a,a+<span class="number">11</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> len = unique(a,a+<span class="number">11</span>)-a;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">int</span> i=<span class="number">0</span>;i<len;i++)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span><<a[i]<<<span class="string">" "</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>输出结果为：1 2 3 5 7 9 </p><p><a href="https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404241150725776250&mod=zwenzhang" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">传送门</a></p></div><div class="popular-posts-header"><i class="fa fa-link"></i> 相关文章</div><!--[if !IE]><!--><details><summary style="cursor:pointer">点击查看</summary><!--<![endif]--><ul class="popular-posts"><li class="popular-posts-item"><div class="popular-posts-title"><a href="\posts\sort排序.html" rel="bookmark">sort排序</a></div></li><li class="popular-posts-item"><div class="popular-posts-title"><a href="\posts\牛客练习赛23.html" rel="bookmark">牛客练习赛23</a></div></li><li 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class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-swap（交换两元素值，在algorithm下，用法：swap-a-b-）"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">1.swap（交换两元素值，在algorithm下，用法：swap(a,b);）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-sort"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">2.sort(,,)</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-reverse（翻转序列，在algorithm下）"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">3.reverse（翻转序列，在algorithm下）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-min，max（取大，取小）"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">4.min，max（取大，取小）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-gcd（最大公约数）"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">5.__gcd（最大公约数）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-lower-bound和upper-bound（二分查找）"><span 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$localSearchInput.attr("autocapitalize", "none");
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var searchFunc = function(path, search_id, content_id) {
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$("body")
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$("#search-loading-icon").css('margin', '20% auto 0 auto').css('text-align', 'center');
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var datas = isXml ? $("entry", res).map(function() {
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var resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
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}
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return {
hits: hits,
start: start,
end: end,
searchTextCount: searchTextCountInSlice
};
}
var slicesOfTitle = [];
if (indexOfTitle.length != 0) {
slicesOfTitle.push(mergeIntoSlice(title, 0, title.length, indexOfTitle));
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var slicesOfContent = [];
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var item = indexOfContent[indexOfContent.length - 1];
var position = item.position;
var word = item.word;
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end = content.length;
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slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
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return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
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return sliceRight.hits.length - sliceLeft.hits.length;
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}
});
// select top N slices in content
var upperBound = parseInt('1');
if (upperBound >= 0) {
slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
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function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
var result = '';
var prevEnd = slice.start;
slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
var end = hit.position + hit.length;
result += '<b class="search-keyword">' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '</b>';
prevEnd = end;
});
result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
return result;
}
var resultItem = '';
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} else {
resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + title + "</a>";
}
slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
resultItem += "<a href='" + articleUrl + "'>" +
"<p class=\"search-result\">" + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
"...</p>" + "</a>";
});
resultItem += "</li>";
resultItems.push({
item: resultItem,
searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
hitCount: hitCount,
id: resultItems.length
});
}
})
};
if (keywords.length === 1 && keywords[0] === "") {
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resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-frown-o fa-5x" /></div>'
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resultItems.sort(function (resultLeft, resultRight) {
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} else {
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resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
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})
searchResultList += "</ul>";
resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
}
}
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input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
} else {
$('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
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inputEventFunction();
}
});
}
// remove loading animation
$(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
$('body').css('overflow', '');
proceedsearch();
}
});
}
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$('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
e.stopPropagation();
if (isfetched === false) {
searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
} else {
proceedsearch();
};
});
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$('.popup').click(function(e){
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});
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onPopupClose();
}
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